发行社会保障彩票问题探析

发行社会保障彩票是吸引社会闲散资金 ,推动社会保障事业发展的有效途径 ,也是促进我国彩票市场发展的重要举措 ,它具有帕累托改进的性质。促进我国社会保障彩票的发行可采取以下策略 :(1 )加强宣传 ;(2 )强化管理 ;(3 )社会保障彩票的发行要经济化 ;(4)社会保障彩票的发行要法治化     

略论民国彩票

彩票是以抽签给奖方式进行筹款而发行的凭证。彩票自清末从国外传入后,经过国人的不断演绎,到了民国时期,规模逐渐扩大,呈现“社会化”趋势,同时也暴露出“无序性”的特点。究其原因:民国时期政治黑暗、社会制度的残缺与官员的腐败、军阀混战、经济窘迫以及舆论的误导都给彩票的无序操作提供了温床。而彩票的泛滥又纵容了黑恶势力的发展,破坏了正常的商业秩序,加剧了社会的贫困与矛盾。这是整个民国时期社会动荡的一个重要原因。     

我国国债的挤出效应分析

财政以发行国债方式为扩大政府支出筹集资金,在我国现阶段产生的挤出效应是不明显的,其经济效应是在一定程度上有利于社会总需求的扩张和经济的增长.根据我国现阶段国债对非政府部门投资和消费的挤出效应的特点,笔者进一步分析了其对我国宏观经济调控政策的启示.     

试析网络时代的国家信息安全

信息安全作为关系国家安全的基石,对国家安全的影响主要集中在意识形态、国防安全和社会稳定等方 面。本文针对我国信息安全领域存在的问题,提出了维护国家信息安全的基本思路。     

浅析在日朝鲜人的民族认同危机——兼论中国朝鲜族的民族认同

在日朝鲜人与中国朝鲜族同样是朝鲜民族的后裔，与中国朝鲜族协调统一的多重认同有所不同的是，在日朝鲜人的民族认同没有得到清晰的整理。要么是“日本人”，要么是“外国人”，使在日朝鲜人在处理国籍与民族的关系问题上始终处于两难困境：加之朝鲜半岛的分裂使在日朝鲜人内部实际上也存在着“三八线”，更造成了他们选择国籍、归属于哪一方的心理混乱和痛苦，以至于内部呈现出复杂多样的国家观、民族观以及归属的多元化，他们对朝鲜民族共同体的认同意识日益淡薄。     

近年来北京市人口分布变动的空间特征分析

本文运用空间统计方法来研究近年来北京市人口郊区化的动态变化过程。研究结果表明,北京市人口郊区化发展迅速,近郊区已经基本实现城市化,并和中心城区一起组成了新的核心区域,人口正不断向这个新的核心区域聚集。目前北京市城市化的进程正处在新一轮的集聚阶段,新的核心区域人口越来越密集。由于地区经济发展的不平衡性,这种趋势在短期内难以改变;但在长期内,整个区域内人口分布将向均衡化趋势发展。     

Inducing risk-neutral preferences: Further analysis of the data

The lottery payoff procedure does not successfully induce risk-neutral bidding behavior in first-price, sealedbid auctions. This conclusion follows from both ordinary-least-squares estimation with natural data and leastabsolute-deviation estimation with transformed data from numerous experimental designs. Lottery payoffs do not succeed in inducing behavior predicted from standard expected utility theory assumptions or from assumed utility from winning and/or income thresholds. In contrast, first-price auction experiments with monetary payoffs yield results that are consistent with general models of bidding in the independent private values information environment.     

National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, London, UK

The present article explores the complexity of children's experiences of domestic violence. It addresses the various terms used to describe this form of violence and provides a working definition. Reviewing the literature suggests prevalence rates of domestic violence between 25 and 60%. The difficulties in achieving prevalence and incidence rates are outlined. Where children's experiences of domestic violence have been addressed, attention has focused on either children witnessing the abuse of their mother or children directly being abused. Six main ways in which children may witness domestic violence are presented and the relationship between domestic violence and child abuse is examined briefly. An overview of the impact of domestic violence on children incorporates a discussion of the intergenerational transmission of violence theory. Some of the multiple factors which may inhibit children from talking about domestic violence are raised, indicating how complex this issue is for children. Finally, the need to recognize the diversity of children's experiences of and reactions to this form of violence is identified.     

我国民族区域自治地方变通立法实证分析

在详尽地考察我国变通立法的实际需求状况、变通立法的时间分布、地域分布、民族分布、立法的主体、表现形式、修订与废止等问题的基础上,总结我国变通立法存在的问题。提出了开展变通立法专项检查,建立科学的民族法律清理制度,制定《自治条例、单行条例制定程序条例》,拓展变通立法内容,重视吸收少数民族习惯法,努力提高立法技术水平,及时修订变通立法等对策建议,为完善民族自治地方变通立法提供有价值的参考。     

国家治理体系构建背景下政府主导型治理探讨

构建国家治理体系以及推动实现国家治理体系现代化已经成为转型时期我国着力实现的重要目标,作为当今世界上最大的发展中国家,要实现这一目标需要充分发挥政府的关键性作用。文章以政府主导型治理为中心,在分析政府自身、政府与市场以及社会问题基础上,试图探寻构建以政府为中心的中国特色社会主义国家治理体系的路径。     

Ability vs Background: An Analysis of the Distribution Mechanism of Higher Education Enrolment Opportunities

Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background (family background). The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, the greater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though family background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society “open to talent.”     

以时间为基础的国民幸福核算的实证分析——以北京市为例

本文借鉴普林斯顿大学艾伦·克鲁格教授、丹尼尔·卡尼曼教授以及他们的研究团队提出的最新理论成果:国民时间核算(NTA)方法,以北京市居民为调查研究对象,采用日期重构法(DRM)设计了电话调查问卷,并以此调查结果为数据依托,对衡量幸福感的U指数进行了测算与因素分析,依据分析结果提出了提高北京市民幸福水平的建议。     

Political Feasibility Analysis of the New Financing Scheme for the National Health Insurance Reform in Taiwan: An Application of Stakeholder Analysis

This study carries out in‐depth political feasibility analysis of the prospective health financing reform currently taking place in Taiwan. The National Health Insurance (NHI) Program, which was established in Taiwan in 1995, covers virtually all of the island's citizens. Between the years 2001 and 2004, the Taiwanese Government organized a taskforce to carry out the wholesale reform of the NHI program into the so‐called ‘Second Generation NHI Program’. This study is part of the comprehensive review, focusing on the preferences and positions of key policy stakeholders with regard to the financial reform proposals, as well as their network relationships. The approach of stakeholder analysis was employed to conduct this empirical study. The results reveal that the new financing scheme has a certain degree of support from the policy stakeholders participating in this study, and that in particular, the measures concerning equity and sustainability were most welcome. However, controversy remains with regard to the issue of the equitable sharing of contributions. It is clear that there is much strong support for the new scheme amongst the administrative and legislative elite, although the same level of support is not evident amongst the social elite affiliated with employees' associations and welfare groups.     

总体安全观视角下的中国援外战略分析

对外援助是一种柔性的外交政策工具,它能够为国家发展争取到更多的资源支撑和道义支持,同时避免因使用政治、军事手段带来的冲突,在很多国家被列为国家安全战略的第三支柱。中国的对外援助战略不仅要服务于国家的经济发展,也要充分考虑由于崛起带来的安全压力和道义需求。在强化总体安全观的新形势下,中国需要调整传统的援助战略,完善对外援助的国内制度体系,适度参与对外援助的国际协调体系,实现援助理念的与时俱进,为国家外交政策留下更灵活的行动空间。     

当代发达资本主义国家阶级结构与收入分配关系分析

当代资本主义的阶级结构已经发生的巨大变化,国内外的学者依据不同的标准得出了不同的分析判断。把生产资料的占有关系、对物质资本权力的拥有和依存状态作为基本分析依据,同时从与市场经济相联系的资本一般范畴分析后认为,尽管当代资本主义的阶级结构和阶级关系从表面上看呈现出多层次化的表象,但从总体上看,仍旧可划分为当代资本家阶级和现代雇佣工人阶级。     

Few and Far Between? An Environmental Equity Analysis of the Geographic Distribution of Hazardous Waste Generation

Objective. This article examines whether the generation of hazardous waste is concentrated in communities that are disproportionately minority or low income. Whereas much environmental equity research has focused on commercial facilities managing hazardous waste, facilities that generate and manage their own wastes—which account for over 98 percent of hazardous waste volume—have been ignored. Methods. The demographic characteristics were determined of people in geographic concentric rings around hazardous waste generators accounting for most of the country's 1997 hazardous waste volume. Results. My analyses indicate no tendency for disproportionately minority communities to be near these facilities. In fact, relatively few people are near where most hazardous waste is generated. Although a few of these facilities have large numbers of minority people around them, most are in areas with higher than average white populations. There was, however, a tendency for low-income communities to be near these facilities. Conclusions. To the extent that there are potential risks from the presence of hazardous waste at facilities, most of this risk is in relatively unpopulated areas. The presence of hazardous waste is not concentrated in areas that are disproportionately minority or low income.     

Analysis of China's Unequal Income Distribution from the Perspective of Functional Income Distribution

中国收入分配的不平等在很大程度上表现为功能性收入分配的不平等,即随着经 济的发展,工资性收入占国民收入的比例越来越小,而现阶段中国二元经济结构下的 无限劳动力供给则是其主要原因。在一个具有凯恩斯主义特征的非均衡动态模型框架 下,我们的分析表明,劳动力的无限供给,不仅使工资无法对劳动力市场的供求状况 进行反应,而且使劳动生产率和物价变化对工资的影响也不敏感。这意味着,当存在 着劳动生产率的提高或由经济增长所带动的物价上涨时,工资的提高不够显著,从而 由经济增长或劳动生产率的提高所带来的利益大部分转化为利润而非工资。基于此, 要彻底扭转中国收入分配恶化趋势,根本途径仍然是保持经济的高速增长,加快工业 化和城市化进程,从而使农村剩余劳动力能够尽快被吸收。

关键词: 功能性收入?二元经济?劳动力供给

China's unequal income distribution is to a large extent expressed in unequal functional income distribution, that is, as China's economy develops, the share of wage income in national income falls. The unlimited supply of labor under China's current dual economic structure is the major reason for this. In a disequilibrium dynamic model framework with Keynesian features, empirical analysis shows that the unlimited supply of labor not only prevents wages from responding to supply and demand situation in the labor market, but also makes them insensitive to labor productivity and price changes. This suggests that when there is a rise in labor productivity or prices following economic growth, the rise in wages may not be sufficiently marked. The benefits derived from economic growth or labor productivity increases have been, to a very large extent, converted into profits and not wages. Therefore, if we are to reverse China's worsening income distribution, our fundamental path should remain the maintenance of high‐speed growth and the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization so that surplus rural labor can be absorbed as soon as possible.