基于DEA的生产函数估计

针对常用参数方法或非参数方法估计技术状况所存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于DEA的估计理论生产函数的方法,该方法可用于估计凹生产函数所含参数,其基本思路是:首先,利用DEA方法评测各DMU的产出效率,得到(弱)DEA有效的DMU;然后,根据各(弱)有效DMU确定DEA生产可能集的前沿面,从线性逼近角度给出理论生产函数的上确界;最后,利用相切条件计算生产函数所含参数,从而确定生产函数的具体形式.以C-D函数为计算范例,显示了该方法的优越性.     

供应链前沿生产函数的DEA估计研究

技术效率评价在管理学理论研究与企业市场实践中均具有重要意义,而对技术效率的评价必须立足于对前沿生产函数的估计。供应链管理已经被证实是降低成本以提供更大产品与更好服务的有效方法,然而,对于供应链的前沿生产函数的估计尚未得到研究。这主要是因为两方面研究的缺乏;其一,多产出的生产系统的前沿生产函数估计方法;其二,多阶段的生产系统的前沿生产函数估计方法。本文将提出一种供应链前沿生产函数的估计方法,以解决上述两个主要障碍。有关商业银行运作的实证研究表明,该方法能够估计供应链的前沿生产函数。     

生产分析和测量的非参数方法

本文揭示了ＤＥＡ方法和生产函数之间所蕴含的内在联系，给出了使用ＤＥＡ方法计算生产规模报酬率、生产产出弹性等经济参数的计算公式。并依据上述结果，比较分析了ＤＥＡ方法和参数方法在生产规模报酬率和产出弹性测量方面的差异。     

生产过程状态分析的非参数方法

本文通过由ＤＥＡ模型确定生产前沿面的途径,给出评价和分析生产的一种新的数学模型和方法,冯坟对经济系统生产状态的准确测量和分析。     

企业知识整合有效性的DEA分析

知识整合是企业组织的基本职能,也是企业组织能力的本质,知识整合的有效性决定了企业能否把内部和外部的知识资源整合为有组织的知识结构,进而形成企业的能力水平.本文建立了企业知识整合有效性DEA模型,在此模型的基础上对中国十二家企业的知识整合数据进行分析,探索运用数据包络分析方法分析企业知识整合的有效性.     

拟凹生产函数的分区域估计

本文提出了规模报酬递增生产前沿面的概念并证明了以下两个结论:(1)基于样本数据的DEA生产投入集可划分为规模报酬递增、不变和递减区域;(2)C-D生产函数是拟凹函数,且在规模报酬递增区域非凹,在规模递减区域严格凹。基于上述结论及对生产函数曲面,BCC生产前沿面,规模报酬递增生产前沿面的相互关系的分析,提出了一种生产函数分区域估计方法:在对样本数据(决策单元)依据规模报酬增减性进行分类的基础上进行投入可能集的分划,进而在规模报酬递减(不变)和递增区域上分别通过决策单元的BCC弱有效投影和规模报酬递增弱有效投影估计生产函数。文末,通过实例验证了估计方法的有效性。     

基于DEA技术的华东地区建筑业生产效率研究

利用DEA方法对2007年华东地区的建筑业生产效率进行详细分析发现,江西、安徽及山东均处于规模递增阶段,特别是安徽和山东,存在较大的投入冗余及产出不足;进一步分析安徽的生产效率增长情况发现,其经历了由高速增长到低速增长的转变,而这种生产效率增长仅来自技术进步,未获得任何规模经济;最后,得出安徽及山东建筑业发展方向主要为如何实现现有资源的整合及优化,通过鼓励企业资产兼并与重组,提高单个企业的资源利用效率,最终实现建筑业的规模经济。     

基于数据包络分析的风险投资环境有效性研究

各地区特有的经济、科技、金融等环境构成了当地的风险投资环境体系,风险投资环境体系的改善会直接促进当地风险投资的发展。将数据包络方法(DEA)应用到地区风险投资环境评价中,对我国19个省份(直辖市)的风险投资环境有效性进行了实证研究,并对风险投资环境非DEA有效的地区提出了相应的发展建议。     

数据包络分析与不可控输入因素生产函数

通过考虑生产中的不可控因素，本文研究了ＤＥＡ与生产函数的关系，从而，给出了引起ＤＭＵ生产无效的原因，即ＤＭＵ生产的无效性要由不可控输入的作用得到解释。     

基于双前沿面数据包络分析的循环全局Malmquist指数

利用全部时期的技术构成的前沿面为参照,将双前沿面数据包络分析下的Malmquist指数拓展为双前沿面数据包络分析下的全局Malmquist指数。该全局Malmquist指数不仅较好地综合了乐观前沿面和悲观前沿面两部分信息,而且满足循环性检验;不仅可以避免由于前沿面选择的不同而导致的差异,还可以避免因时期选择的任意性而导致的差异。将其用于福建省工业行业2001-2008年的全要素生产率分析,研究结果较好地说明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

User Perceptions of Decision Support Effectiveness: Two Production Planning Experiments*

Decision support systems continue to be very popular in business, despite mixed research evidence as to their effectiveness. We hypothesize that what-if analysis, a prominent feature of most decision support systems, creates an “illusion of control” causing users to overestimate its effectiveness. Two experiments involving a production planning task are reported which examine decision makers' perceptions of the effectiveness of what-if analysis relative to the alternatives of unaided decision making, and quantitative decision rules. Experiment 1 found that almost all subjects believed what-if analysis was superior to unaided decision making, although using what-if analysis had no significant effect on performance. Experiment 2 found that decision makers were indifferent between what-if analysis and a quantitative decision rule which, if used, would have led to significant cost savings. Thus, what-if analysis did create an illusion of control: decision makers perceived performance differences where none existed, and did not detect large differences when they were present. In both experiments, decision makers exhibited difficulty realizing that their positive beliefs about what-if analysis were exaggerated. Such misjudgments could lead people to continue using what-if analysis even when it is not beneficial and to avoid potentially superior decision support technologies.     

An Empirical Analysis of Life Jacket Effectiveness in Recreational Boating

This article gives a measure of life jacket (LJ) effectiveness in U.S. recreational boating. Using the U.S. Coast Guard's Boating Accident Report Database from 2008 to 2011, we find that LJ wear is one of the most important determinants influencing the number of recreational boating fatalities, together with the number of vessels involved, and the type and engine of the vessel(s). We estimate a decrease in the number of deceased per vessel of about 80% when the operator wears their LJs compared to when they do not. The odds of dying are 86% higher than average if the accident involves a canoe or kayak, but 80% lower than average when more than one vessel is involved in the accident and 34% lower than average when the operator involved in the accident has more than 100 hours of boating experience. Interestingly, we find that LJ effectiveness decreases significantly as the length of the boat increases and decreases slightly as water temperature increases. However, it increases slightly as the operator's age increases. We find that between 2008 and 2011, an LJ regulation that requires all operators to wear their LJs—representing a 20% increase in wear rate—would have saved 1,721 (out of 3,047) boaters or 1,234 out of 2,185 drowning victims. The same policy restricted to boats 16–30 feet in length would have saved approximately 778 victims. Finally, we find that such a policy would reduce the percentage of drowning victims compared to other causes of death.     

对商品实行薄利多销限定条件的分析

经济学的弹性理论指出只有需求富有弹性的商品,才可通过降价的方式取得薄利多销的效果。但笔者认为薄利多销并不单纯只取决于商品的需求价格弹性,还取决于商品的降价幅度、降价前的原始价格以及降价前后的平均可变成本的大小关系。并在此基础上定量分析了厂商决定是否采取降价方式的限定条件及最适的降价幅度,为厂商采取正确的价格战略实现利润最大化提供了一定的理论依据。     

年轻领导对年长员工实施领导的有效性分析

年轻领导与年长员工的组合已经成为一种管理趋势,其中年龄对二者对偶关系具有重要影响。年轻领导可以实现对年长员工领导的有效性,但这个过程存在着年长员工对年轻领导不认同的巨大挑战,这种作用机理还受到交换关系质量、关系持续时间、工作性质、组织氛围、文化背景等多个边界条件的调节。要提升对年长员工的领导有效性,年轻领导应保持谦虚态度,善于听取意见和建议;提升工作实力,展现领导魅力;学习年长领导,实现角色超前归属。     

CIMS条件下,单件小批生产的生产作业计划的编制方法及实证分析

本文提出了一种CIMS条件下,单件小批生产作业计划的一种新的编制生产作业计划的方法,并通过实例对该方法进行了实证分析。     

Design and Analysis of Hospital Admission Control for Operational Effectiveness

Variability in hospital occupancy negatively impacts the cost and quality of patient care delivery through increased emergency department (ED) congestion, emergency blockages and diversions, elective cancelations, backlogs in ancillary services, overstaffing, and understaffing. Controlling inpatient admissions can effectively reduce variability in hospital occupancy to mitigate these problems. Currently there are two major gateways for admission to a hospital: the ED and scheduled elective admission. Unfortunately, in highly utilized hospitals, excessive wait times make the scheduled gateway undesirable or infeasible for a subset of patients and doctors. As a result, this group often uses the ED gateway as a means to gain admission to the hospital. To better serve these patients and improve overall hospital functioning, we propose creating a third gateway: an expedited patient care queue. We first characterize an optimal admission threshold policy using controls on the scheduled and expedited gateways for a new Markov decision process model. We then present a practical policy based on insight from the analytical model that yields reduced emergency blockages, cancelations, and off‐unit census via simulation based on historical hospital data.     

Using Electronic Medical Records in Admission Decisions: A Cost Effectiveness Analysis

In recent years, the healthcare sector has invested heavily in medical information systems to improve decision making while reducing medical costs and integrating medical data from multiple sources. However, the overall contribution of this technology to the medical field remains controversial, especially in high‐stress environments such as the emergency department. This article evaluates the differential effects of accessing an electronic medical record (EMR) system on the decision to admit, based on diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is one of the main reasons people go to the emergency department. The admission decision with or without accessing the EMR system is modeled as a decision tree and a Markovian process. A cost‐effectiveness analysis compares the added value of information (retrieved from the EMR system) against the cost of providing this information. This model is then tested on a simulation of patients presenting symptoms of AMI. The results show that use of the EMR led to greater cost‐effectiveness in cases of suspected AMI. The findings of this study may assist physicians by demonstrating a probable contribution of EMR to improved medical outcomes and may inform policy makers in the healthcare sector regarding the advisability of investing in such systems in an emergency department.     

湖南物流人才需求状况调查与分析

物流业的发展离不开物流人才,湖南在建设国家级区域现代物流中心的过程中,物流人才将起着至关重要的作用.研究湖南物流人才需求状况,有助于湖南各高校有针对性地制订物流人才的培养模式.     

Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Unacceptable Solutions in LP Discriminant Analysis*

Characterization of unacceptable solutions for linear programming (LP) discriminant models have been discussed in the literature and the results presented so far are not satisfactory. This paper establishes necessary and sufficient conditions of unacceptable solutions for a number of LP models, addresses the practical implications of these conditions, and discusses the relationship between unacceptable solutions and multiple solutions.     

我国上市公司股权激励实施效用的财务指标分析

本文选取1999-2001年开始实施股权激励的21家上市公司,通过计算净资产收益率、每股收益、净利润增长率及主营收入增长率指标,分析股权激励的实施效用.