生育意愿、生育行为和生育水平

引言在众多关于生育问题的研究中,有关生育意愿的研究一直受到特别的关注,其原因当然是由于人们企望通过对生育意愿的了解来预见到生育水平的变化。一般认为,由人们的生育意愿转化为人们的生育行为,由一个个人的生育行为聚集成一个人口的生育水平。如果说,对于生育行为和生     

20世纪50年代后我国居民生育意愿的变化

运用历史考察和文献分析的方法,以计划生育政策全面开展为节点,主要从生育目的、意愿生育子女数和意愿生育性别三个维度来探讨我国居民生育意愿的变化情况,摸索其中的变化规律,进而提出国家和政府应针对不同地区和不同人群,制定相应的、灵活而更具可操作性的计划生育政策,使生育政策在调节生育率水平的同时兼顾人们的生育意愿。     

关于鸿声等四个乡符合照顾生育二胎的育龄夫妇生育意愿的调查

人们的生育意愿是对客观需求的反映。当前,农民的生育意愿有些什么变化?带着这样的问题,我们对无锡县鸿声乡、宜兴县大塍乡、市郊区河培乡、南站乡符合照顾生育二胎条件的育龄夫妇的生育意愿,进行了一次调查。根据上级有关规定,这四个乡有153户育龄夫妇可以照顾生育二胎,但有22户     

对解放后我国居民生育意愿变化情况的历史考察

生育意愿是人口学和社会学领域的一个重要研究话题,其转变受社会经济发展水平的影响,是生育率下降和人口转变的前提条件。本文运用历史考察和文献分析的方法。主要从生育目的、意愿生育子女数和恚愚生育性别三个雏度来探讨我国居民生育意愿的变化情况,摸索其中的变化规律,进而提出国家和政府应针对不同地区和不同人群。制定相应的、灵活而更具可操作性的计划生育政策,使生育政策在调节生育率水平的同时兼顾人们的生育意愿。     

生育意愿与计划生育

几年来,我国计划生育工作已经取得了举世瞩目的巨大成绩。但是为了使人口的增长与经济和社会的发展计划相适应,力争在本世纪末把我国人口控制在12亿以内,仍有很大困难,困难就在于目前一些人民群众的生育意愿与现行的生育政策之间存有矛盾,特别在农村。当前计划生育工作难做,难就难在人们生育意愿的转变。只有转变人的生育意愿,人们才能自觉地只生一胎、坚定地不生两胎和多胎,计划生育工作也就才能顺利地开展。因此,生育意愿是我们值得探讨的一个问题。     

我国城乡居民生育意愿调查研究综述:2000-2008

通过对2000~2008年国内有关生育意愿的调查资料和研究文献分析,对我国城乡居民的生育意愿现状、差异及变化特征进行概括。城乡居民意愿生育子女数的差异逐渐缩小,但意愿生育性别的差异仍然显著;城市青年的生育意愿渐趋一致,独生子女与非独生子女的生育意愿差异不显著;外出流动对生育意愿与生育行为的影响较大,无论是生育意愿,还是生育行为,外出流动人口都更接近于目的地城市人口;生育年龄呈继续后移趋势;生育成本增高已成为生育意愿下降的主要原因。     

计划生育 重在治本

计划生育重在治本山西省稷山县县委书记尚平安计划生育被称为“天下第一难”，难就难在人们的生育行为与我国现行的计划生育政策有距离。人们的生育行为受制于自身的生育意愿，其生育意愿又受影响于群体的生育观念。因此，更新社会群体的生育观念，优化育龄夫妇的生育意愿...     

不同经济收入家庭的农村妇女生育意愿比较分析

不同经济收入家庭的农村妇女生育意愿比较分析周长洪黄丽华改革开放以来，我国农村经济出现了前所未有的迅速发展。经济的发展必然对人们的生育意愿产生重要影响。了解正在摆脱贫困、走向富裕的农民的生育意原的变化，将有助于我们在市场经济形势下更好地开展计划生育工作...     

预期因素与生育决策

预期因素与生育决策邬沧萍，刘军家庭是生育活动的基本单位。家庭的生育行为在相当大的程度上受育龄夫妇的生育意愿的支配。决定人们生育意愿的一个根本性因素是人们自身的生育利益以及人们对这种利益关系的认识。生育可以说是一种具有长期投资性质的行为，因此，人们的生...     

浙江省生育意愿、生育水平调查结果评析

本文对浙江省已婚育龄妇女和未婚青年的生育意愿调查进行了分析,认为浙江省育龄妇女的期望孩子数仍高于政策要求的水平,这与以往相比没有重大变化;但群众还是接受了现行生育政策,并按政策要求进行了生育。本文根据未婚青年生育意愿进步的情况和浙江省经济社会发展的宏观背景,估计未来群众的生育意愿与现行政策将更加接近。但因工作松懈或政策不当,引起生育率反弹的可能性依然存在。本文还系统分析了要稳定低生育水平,使群众意愿与可持续发展的政策要求相统一,在生育政策上需要进一步解决的一些问题。     

独生子女和非独生子女生育意愿差异的比较研究——基于江苏省生育意愿和生育行为调查

根据“江苏省生育意愿和生育行为”基线调查数据,本文使用交叉分析,多元线性回归等方法,探讨独生子女和非独生子女生育意愿的差异。结果表明,在意愿生育数量、意愿生育性别和意愿生育时间方面独生子女和非独生子女没有显著差异。     

Fertility desires and fertility: Hers,his, and theirs

The relationship between desired and achieved fertility may be misspecified by excluding husbands' fertility desires or by confounding effects of shared desires with the resolution of conflicting desires. Using couple data from the classic Princeton Fertility Surveys, we find relatively large husband effects on fertility outcomes as well as unique effects of spousal disagreement. Wives and husbands were equally likely to achieve fertility desires, and disagreeing couples experienced fertility rates midway between couples who wanted the same smaller or larger number of children. These conditions do not hold, however, when we include willingness to delay births for economic mobility as part of the measure of fertility desires. Among couples who both wanted a third child, only husbands' willingness to delay births had significant negative effects on birth rates.     

Ethnicity and fertility desires in Ghana

Journal of Population Research - The extant literature shows that fertility desires are an important indicator for understanding and predicting the future course of fertility; however, little work...     

一孩与二孩家庭育龄妇女生育意愿比较

基于江苏苏南某农村790户家庭的抽样调查数据,比较一孩与二孩家庭育龄妇女的生育意愿,并运用回归模型对影响两类家庭育龄妇女生育意愿的因素进行研究。结果显示,两类家庭育龄妇女的意愿生育数量、意愿生育性别和意愿生育间隔没有显著差异,仅在对"女性生育的最大年龄"的认识上二孩妇女明显低于一孩妇女。但两类家庭育龄妇女在生育意愿的影响因素上存在着较大的差异。     

Aiming at a moving target: Period fertility and changing reproductive goals

Summary Common sense suggests that changes over time in aggregate period fertility rates should be closely, related to changes in desired completed fertility after controlling for contraceptive failure, and desired spacing and timing; the nature of the relationship is, however, far from clear. This paper shows that when desired completed fertility undergoes swings, like those in the United States in recent decades, the turning points in period fertility will precede those in desired completed fertility by as much as five years and the amplitude of the swings in period fertility will be more than twice as great. Cumulated fertility, on the other hand, will lag behind reproductive goals. Period fertility rates will exceed desired completed fertility when desires are increasing and fall below it when desires are decreasing. These theoretical results help to explain some salient features of the American baby boom and bust. It is also shown that during a demographic transition, period fertility will fall more rapidly than desired completed fertility, and that towards the end of the transition, period fertility will increase.     

Men's influence on the onset and progress of fertility decline in Ghana, 1988-98

While lower fertility is commonly associated with women's reproductive autonomy, we demonstrate that the influence of men's education on reproductive decision-making increased during the first decade of rapid fertility decline in Ghana. Husband's education exerts a stronger influence on wife's fertility intentions than does her own education, and the magnitude of the effect of his education increased significantly from 1988 to 1998. Lower fertility in Ghana seems to be associated more with men's declining fertility desires than with women's increasing reproductive autonomy. Nevertheless, there is some indication that women's education may play a relatively greater role in reproductive decision-making as fertility decline progresses still further.     

The prediction of completed fertility

There has been considerable interest in the relation between familysize desires and completed fertility. Longitudinal data from the Princeton Fertility Study provide a unique opportunity to compare the number of children desired after the birth of a second child to the size of completed families. The average number of children desired by women after the birth of their second child predicts very well the average size of their completed families. The average family size desired at the first interview and average estimated completed family size some eight years later are identical for the total sample, and vary hardly at all within religious or education subgroups. One-third of the variance in the completed fertility of couples is "explained" by wife's family-size desires and the proportion of explained variance increases to two-fifths when we include the husband's first interview desires and the interval between marriage and second birth. Yet in spite of the relatively high correlation between desires and achievement, only 41 percent of these women achieved exactly the number of children they desired at the first interview, while 14 percent had two children more or fewer than originally desired. Nevertheless, data on contraceptive efficiency indicate that desires after the birth of the second child constitute meaningful goals in terms of which the respondents regulate their subsequent behavior-efficacy of contraceptive practice shows substantial improvement after the desired number has been achieved.     

Fertility desires and fertility outcomes

Over the last 30 years Australian fertility rates have fallen more than could have been predicted from changes in the numbers of children desired by women when they first married. This paper charts changes in desired and completed fertility in Australia, matches originally desired fertility with that ultimately achieved and explores some factors which may affect the relation between fertility desires and fertility outcomes.     

Family composition preferences in a developing culture: The case of Taiwan, 1973

Abstract As fertility comes increasingly under voluntary control in a developing society, it can be argued that individual desires or preferences about children will become more salient and more significant for eventual fertility. Hence, the study of preferences is increasingly important as contraceptive use is extended and results in decreasing the number of unwanted births.(1) Further changes in fertility then depend on changes in preferences. The assumption is that people will at least try to achieve the families they want, if the means to do so are available. The fact that contraception is used at all is some evidence of the soundness of this assumption, although it should be recognized that family size desires operate in a complex of preferences, under varying degrees of conflict and control. To expect a one-to-one relationship between attitudes or preferences and overt behaviour would be simplistic.     

Determined to stop? Longitudinal analysis of the desire to have no more children in rural Mozambique

Classic demographic theories conceptualize desired family size as a fixed goal that guides fertility intentions over the childbearing years. However, a growing body of research shows that fertility plans, even nominally long-term plans for completed childbearing, change in response to short-term conditions. Because of data limitations, much of this research has focused on low-fertility contexts, but short-term conditions are likely to be even more important in high-fertility contexts. This paper uses three waves of survey data collected in rural Mozambique to study predictors of the desire to stop childbearing in a context of relatively high fertility and high individual and social instability. We use fixed effects models to assess how women’s desires to stop childbearing are shaped by demographic factors, household economic conditions, and health status, controlling for constant individual characteristics. Results provide evidence that fertility desires both reflect stable underlying goals and evolve in response to individual and social circumstances.