关于一类偶阶中立型时滞微分不等式最终正解的不存在性的注记

利用广义Riccati变换、积分平均技巧及直接分析方法,研究一类具连续偏差变元与阻尼项的偶数阶中立型时滞微分不等式,得到了该时滞微分不等式没有最终正解的一些新的充分条件,所得定理拓广和改进了最近文献的结论.     

关于一般混合变分不等式的g——单调迭代算法

本文,受Ding和Lon及Ding的启发提出了g——单调映象、g——次微分、g——近似映象等新概念;关于g——近似映象的存在性和Lipscghitz连续性被证明和讨论;利用这些新概念局部地解决了Noor中P_(63)提出的关于推广单调变分不等式超梯度迭代算法到一般变分不等式的开问题、解决了一般混合变分不等式的一种g——单调迭代算法.这算法包含了近期这方面的有关结果作为特殊情况,该算法的收敛分析也被讨论.     

Cauchy-Schwarz不等式的应用及推广

Cauchy-Schwarz不等式是异于均值不等式的另一个重要不等式,不仅在数学分析、高等代数中应用比较广泛,在竞赛数学和工程实际计算中也有广泛的应用.研究Cauchy-Schwarz不等式的几种特殊形式,并分别给出了它们的证明,最后给出了Cauchy-Schwarz不等式的推广形式.     

非连续映射广义变分不等式解的存在性

本文应用Kg.Fan定理给出了广义变分不等式解的存在性结果.此处的集值映射不要求任何连续性.     

动态模型的建立及其它

诺贝尔经济获得者丁伯根等解决了用2个手段控制2个目标的经济问题。本文建立起用 n 个手段控制 m 个目标的线性微分动力系统;综述现代国外学者有关线性微分动力系统稳定性的成果;提出矩阵的差分稳定性和微分稳定性概念,以及更新教材内容的意见。     

logx／（x－1）的界和平均值

通过研究函数ｌｏｇｘ／（ｘ－１）（ｘ＞０，ｘ≠１）的界，本文改进了Ｋａｒａｍａｔａ不等式，Ｓｔｏｌａｒｓｋｙ不等式以及王中烈——王兴华不等式     

logx／（x—1）的界和平均值

通过研究函数logx(x-1)x(>0,x≠1）的界，本改进了Karamata不等式，Stolarsky不等式以及王中烈－王兴华不等式。     

微分函数

本文定义了微分函数的概念.微分函数是标准积分的被积函数,标准积分的积分函数则是一个绝对连续函数.在度量理论的意义下,积分是积分函数的函数值,微分是特定条件下微分函数的函数值.     

分数阶微分的一些性质

近300年来,分数阶微积分这一重要数学分支渐成体系,它被应用于许多学科的工程计算中,特别是在化学,电磁学,控制学,材料学和力学中.分数阶微积分的定义有各种不同形式,文章给出了一种重要的分数阶微分定义——Caputo分数阶微分,且针对这种分数阶微分的定义研究了它的一些性质.     

非连续映射的变分不等式解的存在性

本文在没有任何连续性要求的情况下,证明了变分不等式的解的存在性的一些结果。从而,使原有的关于变分不等式的一些结论得到了一定程度的推广。     

Racial and regional inequalities in school resources relative to their educational outcomes

A definition of inequalities in school inputs weighted according to their importance for educational and outputs is applied to the data from the 1966 Educational Opportunities Survey. The extent and source of inequalities due to race and region are examined. The results are discussed in terms of findings from more restricted definitions of inequalities, and practical policy considerations.     

Tackling inequalities in political socialisation: A systematic analysis of access to and mitigation effects of learning citizenship at school

This article tackles the issue of social inequalities in voting and identifies how and when differences in learning political engagement are influenced by social background in the school environment between the ages of 11–16 in England. Using Latent Growth Curve Modelling and Regression Analysis on the Citizenship Education Longitudinal (CELS) data this research identifies two elements that influence the political socialisation process: access to political learning and effectiveness in the form of learning in reducing inequalities in political engagement. The results show that there is unequal access by social background to learning political engagement through political activities in school and through an open classroom climate for discussion. However, there is equal access by social background to Citizenship Education in schools and this method of learning political engagement is effective at the age of 15–16 in reducing inequalities in political engagement.     

The relationship between neighborhood racial concentration and verbal ability: An investigation using the institutional resources model

Relatively few studies examine the relationship between racial residential segregation and educational or cognitive outcomes. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and the institutional resources model of neighborhood effects, I investigate one account of how macrostructural arrangements between race, neighborhood segregation, and school quality interact to produce inequalities in test scores. Consistent with the institutional resources model, results suggest that school quality varies across neighborhoods based, in part, on their degree of racial concentration. Indeed, school quality and other school characteristics mediate the relationship between racial concentration and verbal skills, particularly among black males. These findings have implications not only for inequalities in cognitive skills among blacks across residential space, but also between blacks and whites given high levels of residential segregation in the United States. In sum, findings illustrate yet another way in which residential segregation contributes to, and not merely reflects, racial inequalities.     

Lipschitz函数的Hadamard型不等式

根据凸函数的定义、性质,研究了L ipsch itz函数,得到了这类函数的Hadam ard型不等式,推广了已有的结果.     

一类Hadamard型不等式的推广

研究了函数的凸性、单调性及相关理论,建立了关于凸函数、Lipschitz函数及n次可微函数的新的Hadamard型不等式,这些不等式推广了最近文献中的有关结果.     

Partnered women's contribution to household labor income: Persistent inequalities among couples and their determinants

This paper explores earnings inequalities within dual-earner couples in East and West Germany drawing on household-level panel data from 1992 to 2016. It has three aims: (1) to analyze how the partner pay gap (the pay gap between partners within one household) has developed over time, given institutional change, and whether the extent of inequality and temporal development vary between East and West Germany; (2) to explore variation in the partner pay gap by male partners' absolute earnings; and (3) to investigate the micro-level determinants of earnings inequalities within couples and determine whether their relevance varies between East and West Germany as well as by male partners’ absolute earnings. We find women earn substantially less than their partners, and our regression results find no indication of a declining partner pay gap. Besides substantial variation between East and West Germany, our results also reveal important group-specific variation in the extent of the partner pay gap as well as in its determinants.     

Educational inequalities in parental care time: Cross-national evidence from Belgium,Denmark, Spain,and the United Kingdom

This study uses time-diary data for dual-earner couples from Belgium, Denmark, Spain, and the United Kingdom to analyze educational inequalities in parental care time in different national contexts. For mothers, education is significantly associated with parenting involvement only in Spain and the United Kingdom. In Spain these differences are largely explained by inequalities in mothers' time and monetary resources, but not in the United Kingdom, where less-educated mothers disproportionally work in short part-time jobs. For fathers, education is associated with parenting time in Denmark, and particularly in Spain, while the wife's resources substantially drive these associations. On weekends, the educational gradient in parental care time applies only to Spain and the United Kingdom, two countries with particularly large inequalities in parents' opportunities to engage in parenting. The study shows country variations in educational inequalities in parenting, suggesting that socioeconomic resources, especially from mothers, shape important variations in parenting involvement.     

一道IMO试题的探源及启发

本文通过对一道IMO竞赛题的探索和研究，发现了此竞赛题可转化为三角形三边长的三角不等式，从而提出了一些新颖的不等式。     

Race,ageism and the slide from privileged occupations

The sociological literature on workplace inequality has been relatively clear regarding racial disparities and ongoing vulnerabilities to contemporary structural and employer biases. We still know little, however, about the consequences of age and ageism for minority workers and susceptibilities to downward mobility. Coupling insights regarding race with recent work on employment-based age discrimination, we interrogate in this article African Americans and Whites, aged 55 and older, and the extent to which they experience job loss across time. Our analyses, beyond controlling for key background attributes, distinguish and disaggregate patterns for higher and lower level status managers and professionals and for men and women. Results, derived from data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, reveal unique and significant inequalities. Relative to their White and gender specific counterparts, older African American men and women experience notably higher rates of downward mobility—downward mobility that is not explained by conventional explanations (i.e., human capital credentials, job/labor market characteristics, etc.). Such inequalities are especially pronounced among men and for those initially occupying higher status white-collar managerial and professional jobs compared to technical/skilled professional and blue-collar “first line” supervisors. We tie our results to contemporary concerns regarding ageism in the workplace as well as minority vulnerability. We also suggest an ageism-centered corrective to existing race and labor market scholarship.     

Evaluating Effectively Maintained Inequality: School and post-school transitions,socioeconomic background,academic ability and curricular placement

Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI) is proposed as an explanation for contemporary socioeconomic inequalities in education. Socioeconomic inequalities are ‘maintained’ by students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds taking less advantageous curricula influencing their post-school destinations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate EMI by addressing several hypotheses derived from the EMI thesis using Australian longitudinal data. It analyses within-school transitions and the transition from school to post-school destinations (elite university, other university, vocational and no post-school study or training). The study also models curricular placement (subject choice). It finds that the transitions within- and post-school are more powerfully influenced by students’ academic ability than by socioeconomic background. Furthermore, subject choice has strong impacts on the transitions. Similarly, Year 12 subject choice is only weakly predicted by socioeconomic background, and more strongly influenced by ability and occupational interests. In turn, occupational interests are largely independent of socioeconomic background. The EMI thesis is not supported.