大学生社交焦虑与归因方式关系研究

本文探讨大学生社交焦虑和归因方式的关系,从而引导大学生建构或重构有效归因方式,缓解社交焦虑。研究发现H学校学生社交焦虑水平偏高,有学生干部经验的大学生的社交焦虑程度明显低于没有学生干部经验的大学生。该校学生较多做出努力、内部、内部成功和外部失败归因,不同特征大学生的归因方式差异显著。社交焦虑与归因于能力、情境、运气、内部失败、外部失败和外部成功显著相关,但与归因于努力、内部成功无显著相关。     

大学生人际归因与社会支持的关系研究

采用多维多向归因量表(MMCS)中的人际关系归因分量表及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对298名大学生人际关系归因倾向和社会支持状况及其之间的关系作了测量分析。结果显示:人际归因和社会支持之间存在显著的相关,越是将人际关系倾向归因于外部不可控的因素,以及失败时归因于内部的、稳定的、不可控的原因(能力)的大学生,获得的社会支持就越少。     

大学生人际归因与社会支持的关系研究

采用多维多向归因量表(MMCS)中的人际关系归因分量表及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对298名大学生人际关系归因倾向和社会支持状况及其之间的关系作了测量分析。结果显示:人际归因和社会支持之间存在显著的相关,越是将人际关系倾向归因于外部不可控的因素,以及失败时归因于内部的、稳定的、不可控的原因(能力)的大学生,获得的社会支持就越少。     

心理防御

在社会生活中，成功和失败是每个人经常遇到的事情。成功使人高兴，失败使人沮丧。在成功或失败之后，人们很自然地会去寻求原因，为什么会取得成功，为什么会到失败？这种寻求原因的过程在心理学中称为归因。成功或失败的具体原因固然很多，但归纳起来，不外乎主观的内部原因和客观的外部原因，前者如能刀、努力程度等，后者如任务难度、机遇等。若从另一个角度来看，又可以分成稳定因素和不稳定因素。一个人把成功或失败归结于何种因素，对他的情绪和工作积极性都会产生很大的影响。研究指出：把成功归结为稳定的内部原因，使人感到自豪，…     

大学生行为价值判断与成就归因倾向的研究

韦纳提出归因作为成就动机有一个前提条件,即个体的信念（包括价值观）对成功和失败的归因倾向有影响。研究发现个体的行为价值判断对学生学习成就活动的归因有显著的影响,学生的行为价值判断显著影响着他们对学习策略的原因判断。     

北京市属高校大学生学习活动质量实证研究

大学生学习活动质量是指大学生在大学学习生活中,对旨在获取知识经验和促进自身发展的各种学习活动的参与和努力程度,具体包括与图书馆、 计算机及信息技术、 课程学习、 生师相处经验等相关的学习活动.通过对北京市属高校大学生的抽样调查发现:大学生学习活动质量的个体差异较大,且在不同学习活动类型上也有所差异,在与课程学习、 计算机及信息技术相关学习活动中的质量较高,在与图书馆、 生师相处经验相关学习活动中的质量较低;大学生学习活动质量在年级、 生源地、 是否独生子女维度上有显著差异,在性别上无显著差异,在各变量内部,低年级、 农村生源和非独生子女学生的学习活动质量相对较低.鉴于此,当前北京市属高校的教育综合改革应以营造支持性的校园文化环境为导向,在强化校园硬件资源建设的同时,注重学校教育制度建设以及学生良好校园人际关系的构建,促进大学生学习活动质量的提升.     

大学生孤独感与微博使用的关系研究——以中国药科大学为例

本文采用随机抽样的方法,对中国药科大学200名大学生进行情绪——社交孤独、微博使用问卷调查,统计微博与大学生情绪——社交孤独之间的关系。调查结果表明(1)适度的使用微博,可以缓解大学生孤独感,而长时间使用微博,则会增加大学生的孤独感;(2)情绪—社交孤独方面,男生比女生孤独感更强,但差别不显著;(3)微博的使用与大学生情绪孤立直接存在显著负相关,而微博使用时间与社交孤立、情绪孤独与社交孤独之间没有显著的相关关系。     

Perceptions of Distributive Justice of the Residents in Contemporary China’s Large Cities: An Empirical Study Based on the Survey in Shanghai〖JP〗

本文从自利理论和归因理论出发,以2006年8月-2007年1月上海大学社会学系“上海市居民的阶层地位与社会意识”调查数据为基础,分析当前中国大城市居民的分配公平感及其形成机制。研究发现,大城市居民对主要社会群体的收入分配感到明显不公平。阶层地位是否具有优势对居民分配公平感的形成没有显著影响,但社会经济地位及其对导致社会不平等的归因则与分配公平感明显相关。具有优势经济地位的群体既直接影响人们的分配公平感,又通过对社会不平等的归因偏好间接影响人们的分配公平感。归因偏好对分配公平感的影响比社会经济地位的影响更加显著：越是将社会不平等归因于个人绩效因素（内因）,其分配公平感就越强;越是将社会不平等归因于权力、政策因素（外因）,其分配不公平感就越强。     

婚姻不满的心理暗流

在考察夫妻之间的不满行为时,有些隐蔽的思维村程是不容忽视的。对婚姻问题归因的转移就是影响婚姻不满进程的一种认知过程。归因是人们对行为或问题原因的解释。对婚姻问题的归因主要有四种方式：（1）外在归因——就是把问题归结为夫妇之外的人或事,如经济问题,儿童疾病等;门）对象归因——把问题归结为对方的特征,例如,认为自己的配偶是‘咱私的”、“侵犯性的”等;（3）自我归因——把问题归因于自己的特征,例如,认为自己“不会处理问题”,“不善于表达”等;（4）相互作用归因——把问题归因于双方相互作用中的差异,例如,…     

从归因论看英语学习者的学习动机培养

本文首先对主要的学习动机理论作了一个简要的回顾,重点阐述了韦纳的成败归因论,其中涉及学习者的主要四项学习成败归因——能力、努力、难度与运气;而后在对英语学习者成败归因问卷调查的基础上探讨了学习者学习动机的培养;利用归因论,教师可以站在较为客观的立场来分析学生,辅导学生,更好的培养学生的学习动机。     

The Effect of Work Experience on the Self-Concept and Anxiety Level of the Social Work Graduate Student

Summary It has been assumed by some leading social work educators thatstudents in professional training display unproductive or evencounter-productive anxiety in field-learning situations. Ithas been further suggested that this excess anxiety has ledto a certain amount of threat to the ego which could resultin problems in work performance. This paper tells of an investigationinto the impact of previous work experience on the manifestanxiety level and self-concept of a set of graduate social workstudents in a mid-western university in the United States. Datawere gathered using widely used tests, the Taylor Manifest AnxietyScale and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Contrary to thehypothesis, prior work experience did not act as an inhibitorof anxiety nor as a support to self-concept. No significantdifference on test scores was found between those students withwork experience and those with no work experience. The writeris unable to satisfyingly account for the lack of significancein these findings. An unexpected by-product of this researchwas the finding that manifest anxiety levels and self-conceptscores of social work graduate students in either category werenot different from those found in other occupational populations.This suggests, tentatively of course, that social work studentsmay not have higher anxiety levels as some of the literaturehas led us to expect. It may be the anxiety that social workeducators see in students in the field is quite within normallimits, that it does not threaten students' self-concepts, andthat it does not inhibit learning     

对当代大学生心理焦虑的社会心理学思考

本文基于社会心理学的角度、从宏观层面把当代大学生心理焦虑的成因分为刺激因素和认知因素，进而分析了大学生心理焦虑的特性，并从宏观和微观层面提出了、应对大生心理焦虑的方法。     

Policy Development for the Reduction of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems at an Australian University

Universities, as with other workplaces, experience problems related to alcohol and other drug use by staff and students. There is little published information about the prevalence of these problems among students in the university setting in Australia as compared with the availability of information from the USA. Curtin University of Technology's experience with alcohol-related problems seems to be documented better than most other Australian institutions, and the available evidence indicates that the level of student alcohol consumption and reported alcohol-related problems is cause for concern. However, this is not to say that Curtin's problems may be any greater than those of any other Australian university with alcohol available on the premises. Many years of involvement in health promotion teaching and research, combined with identification of alcohol and drug related problems on campus, were thought to be the primary factors preceding the university's decision to begin the process of formulating comprehensive alcohol and other drug policy for staff and students. The absence of clear and consistent alcohol and other drug policy can lead to 1) undermining of the educational environment, 2) confusion about appropriate behaviour, 3) dealing with drug-related problems by inaction or arbitrary and inappropriate action. Alcohol and other drug policy has two main goals: problem reduction and better management of problems.     

社会地位、生活境遇与焦虑

本文运用定量研究方法,探讨了人们的社会地位和遭受不公正对待的生活境遇在焦虑形成中的作用。研究表明,社会地位（包括客观地位和主观地位）和生活境遇对焦虑的产生具有明显的影响,社会地位低的群体和生活境遇中遭受过不公正对待的人,更易产生焦虑。这些由社会地位和生活境遇等因素导致的焦虑对于个体的影响是偏向消极的;在社会因素的持续作用下,具有焦虑特征的个体增多,焦虑有可能从个体的心理问题转化为社会的心理问题。     

Increasing Competency,Self-Confidence,and Connectedness Among Foster Care Alumni Entering a 4-Year University: Findings from an Early-Start Program

Research shows that few foster care alumni enroll and complete post-secondary education. For those who do enroll, many experience challenges associated with academic and social adjustment and are at risk of dropping out. Many college-based programs are being developed and are available to foster care alumni to support them during their post-secondary education. This study used pre-tests, post-tests, and journal entries of seventeen participants to evaluate a strengths-based, resilience-oriented early-start program for newly enrolled students at a large public university that provides knowledge about the institution, resources (e.g., tutoring), and social support necessary for foster care alumni to make a smooth transition into college life and to increase short and long-term student success. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that students who participated in the early-start program showed increased confidence and competency in academic and social adjustment. Findings also showed personal growth (e.g., building resiliency) and an increased connectedness among students who participated in the program. Study findings can inform the development of new on-campus support programs and help enhance existing programming. Future research should address short and long-term outcomes and experiences of students who are former foster youth who have participated in on-campus support programs.     

优化北京高校外国留学生教育的问题及对策

美国、日本等发达国家将外国留学生作为本国经济发展人才储备的经验,为我国制定留学生工作的相关政策提供了借鉴。北京高校留学生教育在带来直接经济收益的同时,也为经济社会的发展提供了高素质的国际化人力资源。应建立与北京国际地位相适应的留学生工作体系,多方面提升留学生的教育层次,吸收和利用国外智力为北京的经济建设服务,推进留学生工作长期可持续发展。     

Coping with Trauma-Related Dissociation by Boon,S., Steele,K., & Van Der Hart,O.

An innovative classroom laboratory program on social work practice with groups is presented. The program was developed by the author and conducted as a major part of an undergraduate social work practice course. The general objective of the program was to develop basic competence in group leadership for the beginning social work student. The program was conducted and evaluated with about 40 undergraduate students. The results are reported in the paper. In general, student response to the program was very positive and enthusiastic. While the program was conducted with undergraduates, it cnn be used at the graduare level as well, particularly with students who have had little prior social work education or experience.     

产学研及“互联网+”创业培养模式探索--以食品加工类课程为例

本文介绍了食品加工类课程创业模式的教学改革与教学实践的体会。将企业的部分研究项目由大学生承担,并进行有偿技术合作。同时,引导有营销兴趣的学生采用“互联网+”进行营销体验。这种教学模式使学生的学习积极性得以大大提高,并在学校学习了创业的基础知识和方法,收到了良好的教学效果。     

社会工作实务课程“体验教学”活动设计

体验教学法关注学生的心理体验,通过合理设计课堂体验活动,把社会工作实务技术与学生的生活实际结合起来,并鼓励学生重视自己的体验,在体验中领会社工实务的理念。实践证明,体验教学能够激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生更深刻地认识自己、了解自己,理解社工实务技巧。