初中生的羞怯与同伴关系——印象管理的中介作用

目的:探讨印象管理在初中生羞怯和同伴关系之间的中介效应。方法:采用整群抽样法从济南市某中学选取7-9年级627名学生,运用初中生羞怯量表、自我监控量表及同伴提名进行测量。通过多元线性逐步回归分析检验印象管理在初中生羞怯与同伴关系间的中介效应。结论:印象管理在初中生羞怯和同伴关系之间起部分中介效应。     

初中生主观幸福感与同伴接纳的关系

为探讨初中生主观幸福感和同伴接纳之间的关系,采用青少年生活满意度量表(MSLSS)、快乐感量表及同伴等级评定表对768名初中生进行调查.研究表明,(1)初中生的主观幸福感处于中等程度以上,在生活满意度及消极情感上存在显著的年级差异.(2)同伴接纳与生活满意度之间显著正相关,与消极情感之间显著负相关,与积极情感之间相关不显著;不同接纳水平的初中生主观幸福感各纬度得分存在差异.     

青少年认同的亲社会行为:一项焦点群体访谈研究

本研究采用焦点群体访谈的方法,探讨了青少年认同的亲社会行为。研究者对141名(男69名,女72名)青少年组成的24个焦点群体访谈小组进行了深入访谈;针对访谈中青少年提名的亲社会行为,又通过专家讨论、评价和分类编码,最终得到43种亲社会行为类型;其中未被传统研究重视的亲社会行为大约占56.32%。研究还发现,家庭社会经济地位(SES)显著影响青少年提名的亲社会行为的频次分布和种类;各年级青少年提名的亲社会行为的整体频次分布不存在明显差异,但小学6年级青少年的提名具有独特性;女生提名的关系型亲社会行为显著多于男生,男生提名的外显型亲社会行为显著多于女生。     

同伴侵害现象调查及干预策略

同伴侵害是青少年阶段普遍存在的现象,对青少年有多方面的消极影响和危害,因此,对其重要后果机制进行研究对于同伴侵害干预工作非常重要。对764名初中生的外显侵害、关系侵害、内化问题、外化问题及学校参与情况的调查发现,有约一半的初中生报告曾经受到同伴的关系攻击和外显攻击;在控制了性别及外显侵害的影响之后,关系侵害正向预测青少年的内化问题,进而影响其学校参与情况;在控制了性别与关系侵害的影响之后,外显侵害正向预测了青少年的外化问题,进而影响其学校参与情况;初中男生比女生显著受到同伴更多的外显攻击;但男生与女生在受到同伴关系攻击的频率上可能相似。     

年级与性别对高中体育生自我调节学习的影响

为了解年级与性别对高中体育生自我调节学习的影响,本研究采用量表法对515名济南市高中体育生进行了测查,结果表明高中体育生的自我调节学习总分存在显著的年级和性别差异.对自我调节学习各维度进行多元方差分析,除学习动机外,高中体育生在其他六个维度上均存在显著的年级差异,随着年级的增高,自我调节学习成绩逐渐下降;在学习方法、学习结果和学习环境上,存在性别差异,女生要高于男生.     

初中生情绪智力与成就动机的关系研究

目的旨在探讨初中生情绪智力与成就动机之间的关系。方法采用情绪智力量表(EIS)和成就动机量表(AMS)调查了222名初中生。结果一:初中生情绪智力和成就动机在性别和是否独生方面没有显著性差异,在年级方面差异显著。结果二:情绪智力与成就动机及趋向成功的动机有显著正相关,与避免失败的动机有显著负相关。结论初中生的情绪智力与成就动机有显著相关。     

大学生网络成瘾与社交回避及苦恼的相关研究

以中南林业科技大学377名大学生为被试,采用网络成瘾自评量表和社交回避及苦恼量表,对大学生的网络成瘾倾向性和社交回避及苦恼进行了相关研究。结果表明:大学生社交回避及苦恼在不同性别上没有显著性差异,大学生网络成瘾倾向性在不同性别上有显著性差异,男生显著高于女生;大学生网络成瘾倾向性和社交回避及苦恼有显著的正相关。     

中学女生智力下降的原因与对策

一、问题女学生在小学的表现和成绩一般都比男生好。可是,升入中学,特别是初中二年级以后,就逐渐比不上男生了,她们感到学习越来越吃力,而以前不如自己的男生都一个个赶上并超过了自己。有人曾经采用“全国超常儿童研究协作组”设计的智力测验方案,对河南新乡部分中学生进行了智力测验,结果表明:在智力水平方面,初中一年级女生仍然高于男生;从初中二年级开始,男生智力逐渐赶上和超过女生。在学习成绩方面,初中三年级以后男生开始高于女生。     

同伴教育——中职女生性健康教育的有效形式

一、同伴教育适合中职女生性健康教育1.重友情中职校尽管有75%的女生跨过性别界限,建立了异性友谊,但是同伴之间的友谊仍是其主要的人际关系。建立成功的同伴关系的一个重要因素是朋友亲社会的意愿——     

“早熟”儿童辅导记

服务对象是一名小学三年级的男孩，学习成绩优良，但与同伴关系不好，在班上几平没有玩伴。据男孩的老师反映，他脾气急躁，极易发怒，喜欢挑衅同学，时常与同学发生冲突。除此之外，最让母亲和老师头疼是，服务对象较同龄孩子“早熟”：     

Alligators in the sewer,dragons in the well and Freud in the toilet

One of the most popular of all urban legends is the story about alligators in the sewers of New York (abbreviated AIS story). While previous investigations have been concerned with the historical origins of AIS stories, this article is concerned with developing a psychoanalytic explanation which accounts for the continuing popularity of such stories. In developing such an explanation, this article makes use of the association between‘penis’ and ‘feces,’ an association that is very likely among the earliest associations formed in the human mind. Given the penis = feces association, and given Freud's suggestion that the young child will typically take defecation as a model for castration, it is argued that AIS stories are ultimately concerned with castration. The fact that ‘castration’ has different connotations for males and females helps to explain some of the details invariably incorporated into an AIS story. Finally, the argument developed in connection with modern AIS stories is used to provide a new perspective upon traditional English stories about dragons.     

Constructions of Europe in the run-up to the EU referendum in the UK

The paper reports findings from a focus group study on representations of Europe, conducted in England in the run-up to the UK EU referendum. Four themes were identified in the analysis: ‘cultured Europe’; ‘little Europe/global Britain’; ‘Europe as a cultural threat’; and ‘Eastern vs. Western Europe’. Analysis of these themes showed that Europe was an ambivalent identity category that could encapsulate contrary ideas such as cosmopolitanism/isolationism and cultural enrichment/undermining. Europe’s relation to Britain was also ambivalent in the data. Britain could be positioned as superior to Europe, sometimes being seen as closer to the ‘European essence’ in the context of the EU’s eastward expansion, which was seen as diluting European culture. But, Britain could also be seen as backward compared to the idea of cosmopolitan continental Europe. These different lines of argument and their ideological underpinnings are explored in the discussion of the findings.     

Reviewing the Relationship Between the Voluntary Sector and the State in Britain in the 1990s

There have been three major analytical reviews that have examined the voluntary–statutory relationship during the 1990s, one undertaken by government in 1990 and the other two independently in 1993 and 1996. This article suggests that an historical understanding of this relationship (especially in terms of its sociopolitical dimensions) is crucial, but was missing from the 1990 review and misrepresented by the 1993 review. The 1996 document has been subjected to harsh criticism, but it was arguably sounder in its understanding of this fundamental issue. The national compact between representatives of the voluntary sector and the state, launched at the end of 1998, has built upon the arguments put forward in 1996. However, the paper suggests that given the vexed history of partnership between the sectors and the extent to which the statutory sector has become the dominant partner at the end of the 20th century, it would be premature to be overly optimistic. The paper examines three major shifts in the voluntary–statutory relationship during the 20th century, before reviewing the 1990s' documents in more detail.     

Resiliency in the Aftermath of Repetitious Violence in the Workplace

Summary

The definition and occurrence of traumatic events is expanding and impacts everyone's lives in some way. The degree to which a violent event impacts an individual, a group, a workplace or the community varies. Unfortunately violent events are all too common. Businesses are realizing the significance of violence as a workplace problem and the varying degrees of trauma that has a devastating impact on employee retention, workplace functionality and personal well-being. The events can include industrial or natural disasters; worksite accidents; organizational changes; suicide; homicides; robbery; assault; threats of violence and even terrorism. How prepared an organization is varies and may be correlated with how resilient individuals and the entire workplace are after workplace violence/trauma. This article focuses on what workplace violence and trauma includes, the effects of repeat events, how resilient people are while trying to prevent additional events if possible in the workplace.     

Economic socialization in the kibbutz and the town in Israel

This study compared the economic understanding and attitudes of children living in the city with those living in a kibbutz, collective villages where an extreme socialist lifestyle is practised and preached. The differences in the answer patterns of the urban and kibbutz children were not very large, but the pattern was clear, and in keeping with the dominant ideology in both places: socialist in the kibbutz, middle-class capitalist in the city.     

Aesthetes in the marketplace: Collectors in the gun business

Marketplaces can provide settings for the appreciation of beauty and the creation of community. The author examines how gun collectors who buy and sell guns continue to see themselves as aesthetes rather than dealers. Gun collector-dealers turn economic encounters at commercial gun shows into occasions for teaching others the symbolic uses of guns — as artifacts, curios, andobjets d'art. Economic relations can produce aesthetic value even when the objects exchanged are conventionally defined as symbols of violence and not beauty.     

Interethnic marriages in the USSR in the mid-1930s

"The present article will attempt to determine the extent of interethnic marriage in the Soviet Union in the mid-1930s, utilizing materials from the Central Statistical Administration of the USSR." Interethnic marriage is analyzed according to Union Republic, rural or urban area, and socioeconomic and cultural development.     

Settlement evolution in the Arena society in the urban field

Post-modern spatial relationships at the outer edge of Toronto's urban field are interpreted within the context of the Arena Society and urban field concepts. Custom census tabulations of commuting and migration show that although there are strong migration ties between Toronto and communities in the south Georgian Bay study area, most work trips are short and link settlements to the next place up the local settlement hierarchy. Migration from rural townships to urban areas, and between communities in the study area is also significant. A case study of Thornbury demonstrates that it is an ‘Amenity/Affinity/Niche’ community as suggested by the two concepts. It has developed a strong retail/service sector in response to the post-modern conditions facilitating economic links to Toronto and the ‘Golden Horseshoe’, but has also attracted tourists and residents because of its accessible location and appealing amenity characteristics. Local diversification as suggested by the Arena Society concept has combined with the economic interaction proposed by the urban field literature to stimulate settlements in the study area. The Arena Society and urban field concepts are mirror images and should be employed together when interpreting post-industrial settlement evolution.     

Through the lens of the camera in remote mining sites in the Peruvian highlands

A freelance photography assignment took me to the remote mountain highlands of Peru in 1999, where, in addition to covering the brutal working conditions to which children and their parents are exposed in the mines, I learned about the myths and legends that permeate the lives of the miners. In sharing the myths and the lives of the inhabitants of the place, however, I must account for my role as an observer with a camera. In this paper I aim to provide a brief introduction to the culture, the myths and legends of the mining populations of the highlands as they were conveyed to me. I discuss some of the ethical concerns of using a camera to capture and convey child labour in the highlands and the ethics of photographic and humanitarian interventions.