基于PCA-ESDA的成渝城市群经济发展空间差异研究

基于统计年鉴面板数据,运用主成分分析法(P C A)和探索空间数据法(ESDA)对成渝城市群各城市经济发展水平进行综合测度,并在空间上对其集聚和异质性进行分析.研究提取出经济实力、经济品质和经济结构三项主成分,评价得分和空间相关性的综合研究表明:经济实力上,全局与局部相关性均不显著,成渝两城市极化明显,缺乏区域副中心城...     

互联网使用与中国城市化——“数字鸿沟”的空间层面

本文试图从空间视角研究中国的“数字鸿沟”问题,即分析和解释中国互联网用户在城市和区域中的增长和分布状况,及其与城市化进程之间的紧密联系。研究发现,中国地理区域之间的“数字鸿沟”表现十分明显,它已成为中国社会经济发展的新差距。从目前来看,特大规模以上的城市与其他城市和地区之间的差异是中国互联网空间“数字鸿沟”的主要方面,这种状况与当前全球出现的新的城市二元化趋势相一致,可能加剧中国社会空间的分离和破碎化。     

京津双核结构体系的“中点城市”发展策略研究——以廊坊为例

正一、引言各城市空间都不能单独存在,都需依靠其所在的区域进行发展,城市是区域的核心,而区域则是城市发展的基础。由区域中心城市和口岸城市构成的双核结构模式广泛存在于我国沿江、沿海地区,京津双核结构则是双核空间结构的典型代表。位于京津双核区域结构下的中点城市——廊坊的发展无疑受到了各方面的辐射带动作用,其综合发展策略研究尤为重要。     

基于ESDA的江苏省人口密度空间分布模式解析

以第六次全国人口普查数据为依据,采用空间自相关的方法,使用ARCGIS和GEODA软件,对江苏省的人口密度空间分布进行解析,研究结果表明:江苏省的人口密度空间分布具有显著的空间正相关性;人口密度分布类似的地区在空间分布上表现出集聚现象,南北地区差异显著;造成这种现象的原因主要是区域人口密度的分布和区域的经济发展水平在一定程度上呈现出正相关性,经济发展水平高,人口密度也就相对较高,经济发展缓慢,人口密度也就相对偏低。     

发达国家和地区预防与减少青少年犯罪社工特点

发达国家和地区预防与减少青少年犯罪社会工作的发展已经步入了成熟的阶段——其专业化和职业化已达较高水平；在工作方法方面呈现出综合多元的特点；强调对当事人的援助和支持；着眼于预防，并逐渐重视当事人的回归和发展。与此同时，它也正面临着不少的挑战。     

基于主成分分析的浙江省区域经济差异浅析

区域经济不平衡增长已成为中国经济发展中的一个显著现象。浙江在经济快速发展的同时，区域经济发展差异也尤为显著。因此，本文利用主成分分析法对浙江省的区域经济差异进行一个分析。     

社会性别理论的发展研究

近年来,社会性别语言学的研究呈现出蓬勃向上的发展趋势,其中,社会性别理论的发展研究一直是语言学家和学者关注的焦点。语言、社会、性别是紧密联系的。本文以俄文电影《爸爸的早餐》中男女主人公的对白为例,分析男女社会性别语言的差异,研究社会性别理论的发展。     

后世博效应对长三角一体化发展区域联动研究

上海世博会为长三角加快区域一体化进程和提升区域综合竞争力提供了千载难逢的发展机遇和强大动力。后世博区域联动效应是后世博效应与长三角一体化发展区域联动在时间、空间、对象、过程、功能及作用力等方面相契合,并产生聚变式效果的综合表现。其总体思路是：形成多元化立体化的区域协调合作平台;强化核心增长极的集聚力;推动区域向服务经济为主的经济结构转型;增强区域的整体都市功能。同时,在国际化、同城化、低碳化、制度化等方面对后世博区域联动效应展开具体研究。     

城市区域形成的集聚机制——基于集聚尺度的理论诠释

空间集聚存在不同的尺度,城市区域作为当今具有较强竞争力的区域空间组织是一种大尺度的集聚。经典集聚理论、模型以及相关扩展性实证研究为城市区域尺度集聚的形成提供了方向性的暗示。这种集聚在本质上是聚集力和分散力动态组合的一种空间结果,其中,分散力的增强对城市区域尺度集聚的形成起到了重要的作用。随着区际运输成本的降低,核心区域-外围区域间共享的区际外部性逐渐增强;核心区域的拥挤效应进一步加强了经济活动向外围转移的倾向,最终促使部分经济活动突破地区边界,在地理邻近的地域之间形成更强的空间依赖,呈现出大尺度的经济集聚。城市区域尺度集聚的经济性为发展城市群、促进区域一体化提供了理论依据,但在实践中也遇到很多障碍,这对政府在打破行政割据、促进要素自由流动以及加强中心城市周边地区发展方面提出了要求。     

关于海峡两岸对英语科技词汇翻译异同及策略研究

海峡两岸在英语科技词汇方面的差异,可能会使两岸研究人员对科研信息产生误解,进而在一定程度上阻碍两岸的沟通与发展。从科技词汇英译现状、科技词汇异同分析,探讨缩小两岸科技词汇差异的方法。     

An Analysis of Health Care Disparities and Subsequent Public Policy Initiatives

Racial and ethnic health disparities are a major clinical, public health, and societal problem in the United States. This article provides a historical analysis of the identification and progression of health disparities between Whites and minorities from 1989 to 2011. Key causes of health disparities are addressed, including the lack of culturally competent care, health insurance, and medical homes. Federal legislation that mandated federal health agencies to implement a plan to eliminate disparities is discussed.     

The Extended Metropolitan Area in a New EU Member State: Implications for a Rural Development Approach

I examine the role of rural development strategies in a new member state (Romania) of the European Union and, in particular, analyse the case of the metropolitan area of the Bucharest-Ilfov region. The analysis concerns the selected strategies for rural development in the programming period 2007–2013. It must be noted that Romania is divided into nonadministrative development regions and that the process of land privatisation is not yet concluded. These factors could have a negative influence on the implementation of the interventions. The analysed region is situated in the Southern part of the country and in the central part of the Romanian Plan. The total surface is about 1.8 square kilometres, of which 12.5% are occupied by the town of Bucharest and 87.5% by Ilfov County; however, approximately 88% of the population is concentrated in the urban center and only 12% in Ilfov County. The case study is characterised on the one hand by a high growth rate of the gross domestic product, a relatively low unemployment rate, and increasing consumer good sales (mainly food and beverages); on the other, by some marked disparities in macroeconomic indicators among regions and between rural and urban areas and an enormous lack of infrastructures. The case study thus calls for a local approach in order to identify the strategies required to improve the quality of life of the regional inhabitants (both in rural and urban areas) and to prevent pressure from the urban centre from compromising the rich rural heritage      

Adversity and children experiencing family homelessness: implications for health

This study tests links between adversity and health problems among children in family emergency housing. Children who experience family homelessness are at risk to also experience high levels of stress, health problems, and need for pediatric care. Understanding the connection between stress and health holds the potential to reduce persistent health disparities. Analyses tested whether experiencing a greater number of stressful life events during the early years of life was related to worse health conditions, emergency health-care utilization, and hospitalizations. Parents noted children’s experience of negative stressful life events, health problems, emergency room (ER) use, and hospitalization. Two cohorts of kindergarten-aged children staying in emergency family housing participated in the study in 2006–2007 (n?=?104) and in 2008–2009 (n?=?138), with the results examined separately. In both cohorts, more health problems were acknowledged for children exposed to more negative stressful life events. Stressful life events were not related to ER use but did relate to hospitalization for the 2006–2007 cohort. Results affirm links between stress in early childhood and health problems among children living in emergency housing. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adversity in early childhood contributes to income and racial disparities in health.     

Disparities in Access to Health Care Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Disabilities

Disability is increasing among middle-aged adults and, reversing earlier trends, increasing among older adults as well. Disability is experienced disproportionately by Black and lower socioeconomic status (SES) individuals. We used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to examine health care disparities in access to health care for middle-aged (31 to 64 years of age) and older (65+ years of age) adults with disabilities by race and ethnicity, education, and income (n = 13,174). Using logistic regression, we examined three measures of potential (e.g., usual source of care), and three measures of realized (e.g., counseling related to smoking) access. Middle-aged and older minority individuals with disabilities had lower relative risks of having usual sources of care and higher relative risks of having suboptimal usual sources of care (e.g., a place rather than a person) than White adults with disabilities. There were SES effects observed for middle-aged adults with disabilities across most measures that were, for certain measures, more pronounced than SES effects among older adults with disabilities. These findings are important, since health resources (e.g., a usual source of care) may mediate relations among disability, morbidity, and mortality. Policy actions that may mitigate the disparities we observed include financial incentives to support access to an optimal usual source of care and mechanisms to foster behavioral interventions related to smoking and exercise. Ensuring that these actions address the specific concerns of individuals with disabilities, such as physical accessibility and provider cultural competency, is essential.     

The relationship between medical education and trans health disparities: a call to research

According to the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 28% of trans respondents reported postponing medical care due to discrimination, and 28% reported being harassed by providers when they did seek out care. Scholars have proposed that what is taught (or not) in medical schools might play a role in the unequal health care experienced by many trans people. As medical education becomes a site of intervention for reducing transgender health disparities, it presents opportunities for sociologists to study and explain the processes by which medical training creates, reinforces, and potentially challenges stigma‐related health disparities. In this paper, we propose three areas of inquiry that might help explain this situation: the hidden curriculum, patient health movements and consumerism, and medical competency. By employing these concepts, we argue that sociologists can develop more comprehensive explanations for the relationship between medical education and transgender health inequalities and offer solutions to address this disparity.     

Protecting Black mothers: How the history of midwifery can inform doula activism

In response to the crisis of racist disparities in maternal mortality, many activists are pushing for increased access to birth doulas for Black women. As states and municipalities respond by incorporating doulas into hospital settings with increasingly common requirements for doula certification, it is more important than ever to investigate the role of doulas, and how that role might change under the medical model of birth within US hospitals. Will activism for doulas turn into arguments for the “right” to a doula? Without the full privileges of citizenship—will the most marginalized women be left out of that right despite their health and safety being at the origins of the activist struggle? To investigate these questions, we can look to the history of midwives in the United States, and examine how the midwifery model of childbirth changed as activists fought for increased access to midwives to improve birth outcomes.     

A Review of: “Dattilio,Frank M. (2010). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with Couples and Families: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinicians.”

This conceptual study focuses on health disparities among African Americans in the Arkansas Delta. The author uses an ecosocial perspective to explore several social and individual-level influences upon patients' perceptions of health care quality, including health beliefs and life experiences of discrimination that can lead to not accessing health care systems. The study findings identify community-based strengths that can inform the development of strategies and programs to reduce rural health disparities. The discussion includes the potential implications of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act for progress in health care quality and health equality, especially for rural racial/ethnic minorities.     

Pathways from family violence exposure to disruptive behavior and suspension in elementary school

Abstract

Suspension is associated with a host of negative outcomes, including future suspension and poor academic engagement. A number of demographic and behavioral factors, such as behaviors and race/ethnicity, have been found to predict a child’s risk of suspension, however factors in the family environment, such as family violence, have not been widely explored within this body of literature. The current study examined whether disruptive behaviors mediated the relationship between family violence exposure and suspension in elementary school using data from the age 8 wave of the LONGSCAN dataset. In this sample, 68% of children had been exposed to some sort of family violence and 6.6% of children had been suspended. The direct pathway from family violence to suspension was significant, as was the indirect pathway through disruptive behaviors, where children exposed to more family violence were more likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors and more likely to be suspended. In this sample, boys and African American students were also more likely to be suspended. These findings support the need for school-based responses that addresses both the impact of violence exposure and racial disparities within discussions of children’s outcomes.