非参数可加ACD模型及其应用研究

非参数可加ACD模型对条件期望的函数形式与随机误差项的分布形式要求都没有参数ACD模型强,因此不会像参数ACD模型那样因模型形式设定错误而得出错误结论。非参数可加ACD模型估计出来的各个可加部分图形的形状对于正确设定参数ACD模型具有一定的指导作用。     

非参数ACD模型及其在中国股票市场的实证研究

文章利用中国证券市场的日内交易数据实证了非参数ACD模型。非参数ACD模型不依赖条件均值的函数形式和误差项的分布形式,更具有一般意义。文章从多个方面进行实证分析。利用非参数方法进行分析的结果表明:数据不能用线性ACD模型来刻画,根据非参数拟合曲面的形状可以把此ACD模型的函数形式设定为某种非线性形式。     

线性GMDH参数模型的无偏估计研究

 多元线性回归分析中,参数无偏性是参数估计方法的一个重要指标。本文对线性GMDH参数模型建立多元线性模型进行了研究,得到以下结论：一,在满足经典线性回归模型的假设条件下,其参数估计量具有无偏的性质;二,在满足其它假设条件下,可以在样本量少于待估参数的情况下建模,估计的参数也是无偏的;三,用参数GMHD方法建模时,它对完全多重共线性是免疫的。     

纵向数据非参数模型的二次推断函数估计

文章研究了纵向数据非参数模型y=f(t)+ε,其中f(t)为未知平滑函数,ε为零均值随机误差项.我们选取一组基函数对f(t)进行基函数展开近似,然后构造关于基函数系数的二次推断函数,利用New-ton-Raphson迭代方法得到基函数系数的估计值,进而得到未知平滑函数f(t)的拟合估计.理论结果显示,所得到的基函数系数估计有相合性和渐近正态性.最后通过数值方法得到了较好的模拟结果.     

分布函数的非参数局部多项式估计

文章讨论了当分布函数F(x)经过-log(-log(F(x)))变换后,可以采用局部多项式逼近;使用非参数分布的泛函估计,建立了分布函数的强相合估计。模拟结果表明,估计拟合情况要优于经验分布,较为理想。     

纵向数据非参数模型的修正二次推断函数估计

文章研究纵向数据非参数模型y=f(t)+ε,其中f(t)为未知平滑函数,ε为零均值随机误差项.我们选取一组基函数对f(t)进行展开近似,然后构造关于基函数系数的修正二次推断函数,利用割线法得到基函数系数的估计值,进而得到未知平滑函数f(t)的拟合估计.最后给出基函数系数估计的相合性和渐近正态性,并通过数值方法得到了较好的模拟结果.     

社会保障支出与中国居民储蓄——基于非参数可加模型的分析

预防性储蓄理论表明社会保障与居民储蓄行为存在密切联系。目前中国社会保障体系日趋完善,而居民储蓄率却仍然持续居高不下,针对这种现象,采用1999—2009年中国省级数据,运用非参数可加模型,对社会保障支出与中国城镇居民人均储蓄水平的线性和非线性关系进行实证分析,结果表明:社会保障支出水平对城镇居民人均储蓄水平具有显著的线性和非线性影响,但不同支出的影响方向和影响程度不尽相同,且不同支出的影响存在明显的地区差异。     

基于非参数GARCH模型的汇率波动性预测

文章利用非参数GARCH模型来预测人民币汇率的波动性,并且与参数GARCH族模型的预测结果进行比较。理论上,非参数GARCH模型避免了参数GARCH族模型形式上的错误设定,具有稳健性。文章选择美元和日元兑人民币汇率的日对数收益率来进行预测,预测结果综合表明非参数GARCH模型具有最强的预测能力。     

基于SIR的非参数加法模型及其应用

非参数加法模型的估计困难限制了其应用范围。对此,本文提出首先采用分片逆回归(SIR)方法提取高维数据中的有效成分,进而根据回退拟合算法对模型进行迭代估计。在实证中,将这一模型应用于我国外贸货物吞吐量的预测建模中,取得了较好效果。     

时变参数状态空间模型估计研究

在宏观经济和金融资本市场上广泛存在着非线性时变参数时间序列,而当前的研究主要关注静态参数状态空间模型的估计。本文通过引入变点分析,改进了静态参数的粒子学习滤波技术,提出了变点粒子学习滤波技术,用于估计时变参数状态空间模型。并且利用模拟实验同经典的变结构IMM滤波技术进行了对比,结果显示,本文提出的变点粒子学习滤波在动态模拟样本数据方面具有更大的优势。可以用于对股票价格和成交量的联合动态轨迹进行实时的模拟追踪。     

Non-parametric Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in a Semiparametric Mixture Model for Competing-Risks Data

Abstract.  This paper describes our studies on non-parametric maximum-likelihood estimators in a semiparametric mixture model for competing-risks data, in which proportional hazards models are specified for failure time models conditional on cause and a multinomial model is specified for the marginal distribution of cause conditional on covariates. We provide a verifiable identifiability condition and, based on it, establish an asymptotic profile likelihood theory for this model. We also provide efficient algorithms for the computation of the non-parametric maximum-likelihood estimate and its asymptotic variance. The success of this method is demonstrated in simulation studies and in the analysis of Taiwan severe acute respiratory syndrome data.     

Non-parametric Estimation for NHPP Software Reliability Models

The non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) model is a very important class of software reliability models and is widely used in software reliability engineering. NHPPs are characterized by their intensity functions. In the literature it is usually assumed that the functional forms of the intensity functions are known and only some parameters in intensity functions are unknown. The parametric statistical methods can then be applied to estimate or to test the unknown reliability models. However, in realistic situations it is often the case that the functional form of the failure intensity is not very well known or is completely unknown. In this case we have to use functional (non-parametric) estimation methods. The non-parametric techniques do not require any preliminary assumption on the software models and then can reduce the parameter modeling bias. The existing non-parametric methods in the statistical methods are usually not applicable to software reliability data. In this paper we construct some non-parametric methods to estimate the failure intensity function of the NHPP model, taking the particularities of the software failure data into consideration.     

Non-parametric Estimation of Tail Dependence

Abstract.  Dependencies between extreme events (extremal dependencies) are attracting an increasing attention in modern risk management. In practice, the concept of tail dependence represents the current standard to describe the amount of extremal dependence. In theory, multi-variate extreme-value theory turns out to be the natural choice to model the latter dependencies. The present paper embeds tail dependence into the concept of tail copulae which describes the dependence structure in the tail of multivariate distributions but works more generally. Various non-parametric estimators for tail copulae and tail dependence are discussed, and weak convergence, asymptotic normality, and strong consistency of these estimators are shown by means of a functional delta method. Further, weak convergence of a general upper-order rank-statistics for extreme events is investigated and the relationship to tail dependence is provided. A simulation study compares the introduced estimators and two financial data sets were analysed by our methods.     

Non-parametric Estimation of the Residual Distribution

Consider a heteroscedastic regression model Y = m ( X ) +σ( X )ε, where the functions m and σ are smooth, and ε is independent of X . An estimator of the distribution of ε based on non-parametric regression residuals is proposed and its weak convergence is obtained. Applications to prediction intervals and goodness-of-fit tests are discussed.     

Non-parametric Bayesian Estimation of a Spatial Poisson Intensity

A method introduced by Arjas & Gasbarra (1994) and later modified by Arjas & Heikkinen (1997) for the non-parametric Bayesian estimation of an intensity on the real line is generalized to cover spatial processes. The method is based on a model approximation where the approximating intensities have the structure of a piecewise constant function. Random step functions on the plane are generated using Voronoi tessellations of random point patterns. Smoothing between nearby intensity values is applied by means of a Markov random field prior in the spirit of Bayesian image analysis. The performance of the method is illustrated in examples with both real and simulated data.     

Non-parametric Estimation of the Death Rate in Branching Diffusions

We consider finite systems of diffusing particles in with branching and immigration. Branching of particles occurs at position dependent rate. Under ergodicity assumptions, we estimate the position-dependent branching rate based on the observation of the particle process over a time interval [0, t ]. Asymptotics are taken as t  → ∞. We introduce a kernel-type procedure and discuss its asymptotic properties with the help of the local time for the particle configuration. We compute the minimax rate of convergence in squared-error loss over a range of Hölder classes and show that our estimator is asymptotically optimal.     

Non-parametric Kernel Estimation of the Coefficient of a Diffusion

In this work we exhibit a non-parametric estimator of kernel type, for the diffusion coefficient when one observes a one-dimensional diffusion process at times i / n for i = , ..., n and study its asymptotics as n ←∞. When the diffusion coefficient has regularity r ≥ 1, we obtain a rate 1/ n ^{r /(1+2 r )}, both for pointwise estimation and for estimation on a compact subset of R: this is the same rate as for non-parametric estimation of a density with i.i.d. observations.     

Robust Estimation of a Spatiotemporal Model with Structural Change

A spatiotemporal model is postulated and estimated using a procedure that infuses the forward search algorithm and maximum likelihood estimation into the backfitting framework. The forward search algorithm filters the effect of temporary structural change in the estimation of covariate and spatial parameters. Simulation studies illustrate capability of the method in producing robust estimates of the parameters even in the presence of structural change. The method provides good model fit even for small sample sizes in short time series data and good predictions for a wide range of lengths of contamination periods and levels of severity of contamination.     

Non-parametric Estimation of a Survival Function with Two-stage Design Studies

Abstract.  The two-stage design is popular in epidemiology studies and clinical trials due to its cost effectiveness. Typically, the first stage sample contains cheaper and possibly biased information, while the second stage validation sample consists of a subset of subjects with accurate and complete information. In this paper, we study estimation of a survival function with right-censored survival data from a two-stage design. A non-parametric estimator is derived by combining data from both stages. We also study its large sample properties and derive pointwise and simultaneous confidence intervals for the survival function. The proposed estimator effectively reduces the variance and finite-sample bias of the Kaplan–Meier estimator solely based on the second stage validation sample. Finally, we apply our method to a real data set from a medical device postmarketing surveillance study.     

On Non-parametric Estimation of the Survival Function with Competing Risks

The non-parametric maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are derived for survival functions associated with individual risks or system components in a reliability framework. Lifetimes are observed for systems that contain one or more of those components. Analogous to a competing risks model, the system is assumed to fail upon the first instance of any component failure; i.e. the system is configured in series. For any given risk or component type, the asymptotic distribution is shown to depend explicitly on the unknown survival function of the other risks, as well as the censoring distribution. Survival functions with increasing failure rate are investigated as a special case. The order restricted MLE is shown to be consistent under mild assumptions of the underlying component lifetime distributions.