改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式

党的领导方式和执政方式，是指党实现领导和履行执政职能的方法和形式。进入新世纪，我国社会主义市场经济的发展，依法治国方略的实施，经济全球化趋势的加快，国民经济和社会信息化浪潮的涌现，以及西方敌对势力对我加紧“西化”、“分化”的情况下，对党的领导方式和执政方式提出了挑战，对新形势下进一步理顺党政关系、完善党的领导制度和工作机制提出了新的要求。因此，江泽民同志在十六大报告中再次强调：“一定要准确把握当代中国社会前进的脉搏，改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式、领导体制和工作制度，使党的工作充满活力。”按照…     

改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式的基本途径

改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式,是党在执政条件下经常面临且必须认真解决的问题,贯穿于党执政兴国的全部实践之中。党实现领导的过程,就是不断改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式的过程。科学的领导方式,是实现党的正确领导、完成党的任务的重要条件。邓小平同志认为,共产党应该通过什么方式、什么手段来实现党的领导,是一个关系到能不能实现党的领导的关键性问题。改革开放以来,我们党根据形势、任务的变化,自觉地改革党的领导体制和领导制度,转变领导方式,健全组织制度,调整组织机构,认真研究和解决自身建设中遇到的新情况新问题,使党…     

进一步推进党的领导方式的创新

江泽民同志在庆祝中国共产党成立80周年大会上的讲话中指出,要“进一步加强和完善党的领导体制,改进党的领导方式和执政方式”。这是按照“三个代表”要求加强和改进党的建设的重要内容。党的领导方式是执政方式的体现,是领导体制的具体化。推进领导方式的创新,根本目的就是要促进领导体制和执政方式的改进,实现领导方式的科学化、民主化、制度化。这对于维护党的集中统一、保持并不断增强党的活力,巩固党的执政地位,具有重要意义。     

完善党的领导方式和执政方式的探索

<正>党的十七大报告提出:改善领导方式和执政方式,健全领导体制,完善地方党委领导班子配备改革后的工作机制,把各级领导班子建设成为坚定贯彻党的理论和路线方针政策、善于领导科学发展的坚强领导集体。党执政以后遇到的一个重大问题就是如何改善党的领导方式和执政方式,因为党要提高自己的     

积极探索党的执政规律,加强党的执政能力建设

是完善党的领导方式和执政方式的需要,是完成党在新世纪历史使命的需要,保持党的先进性的需要,加强党的执政能力建设,要求我们党必须深入探索党执政的规律。积极探索党的执政规律,加强党的执政能力建设。执政党必须理顺与国家机关、各社会团体、各民主党派和企事业单位的关系;要把党的领导化成法律领导,提高依法执政能力;要进一步完善执政的组织体系,不断加强和巩固自身的组织基础;必须加强应对危机的能力;必须随着实践的发展不断增强阶级基础,扩大群众基础。     

努力推进领导决策的科学化民主化

领导决策的科学化、民主化是党的执政能力和领导水平的集中体现,也是完善党的领导方式和执政方式的客观要求。习近平同志指出:"做好领导决策首先要坚持决策的科学性,根据社会经济发展的客观规律办事,做到求真务实,一切从实际出发,这是当前领导决策的最重要的一个方面。"习近平同志把决策的科学性作为领导决策的关键和首要的前提,这是非常重要的。在新的历史时期,我们党担负着领导人民推进社会     

完善地方党委领导体制和工作机制

我们党实施有效的领导和执政,是通过一定的方式、方法、手段和途径来实现的.新时期新阶段新任务对地方党委的执政能力提出了新的更高的要求,必须通过改革和完善领导体制和工作机制,实现科学执政、民主执政、依法执政,提高执政能力和领导水平,充分发挥党的领导核心作用,保障和促进地方经济社会全面发展进步.     

国家治理现代化对党的建设制度改革提出的新任务新要求

<正>党的十八届三中全会提出"完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化"。应对国家治理现代化对党的建设带来的新机遇和新挑战,必然要求改进党的领导方式、提高党的执政能力、加强和巩固党的执政地位。一、国家治理现代化对党的建设制度改革提出的新要求国家治理现代化对党的建设制度改革提出的新要求主要体现在党的领导力、服务力、执行力和公信力建设四个方面。其中,党的领导力建设是核心要素,党的     

关于行政法的现状及发展趋势

依法行政和依法治国的指导思想实现了党的执政方式、领导方式和政府运作方式的根本转变。全面推进依法行政是一个长期的历史进程。依法行政原则在中国逐步形成并最终正式确定,标志着我们党的领导方式和执政方式的重大完善和发展,行政法工作也是在这样的形势下得到快速发展。     

改善党委领导办好高职教育

党的十六大提出要“改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式”，坚持党在建设中国特色社会主义事业中的领导核心地位，发挥总揽全局、协调各方的作用。学校工作千头万绪，党委是学校工作的领导核心。党委工作的质量和领导水平，直接决定和影响学校发展的快慢，关系到学校的前途与命运。在工     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.