上海征收交通拥挤费的政策效应分析

该文借用经济学供求关系原理从城市空间结构的视角分析上海实施交通拥挤收费的政策效应,指出以目前上海的空间结构以及公共交通的吸引力照搬国外征收交通拥挤费的做法将无济于事,应尽量通过规划布局与轨道交通建设主动地去解决交通拥挤问题。     

交通拥挤下高架道路出口匝道优先控制策略

分析交通拥挤下的控制理念,提出此时高架道路的控制目标,以此确定高架道路上的最佳车辆密度。结合地面拥挤对高架道路产生的影响分析,提出交通拥挤下出口匝道优先控制的理念及其控制策略。针对上海市高架道路存在的问题提出相关建议。     

城乡失衡催生"城市病"

一、引言上海世博会“城市,让生活更美好”这一主题,吸引着越来越多的目光来关注城市。然而,城市和有机体一样,在其成长和发展的过程中必然会出现各种各样的问题,如拥挤、污染、犯罪等,这被称为“拥挤效应”。借用医学术语来说,就是城市生了病,人们通常称之为“城市病”。“城市病”给城市居民带来了很多苦恼,以交通拥挤为例,早在1937年美国洛杉矶就出现了交通堵塞现象,     

我国大城市交通拥挤与城市发展不均衡

一、前言 交通拥挤是大城市发展所面临的主要问题之一,纽约、伦敦、东京等城市都经历过严重的交通拥挤,经过长期的治理,现已有所缓解.进入21世纪,我国大城市的交通拥挤现象逐步显现并日趋加重,目前,北京、上海、广州等城市高峰时段的平均车速已下降到17千米/小时以下,部分市中心路段仅有5千米/小时.为治理交通拥挤,各城市不断出台新的措施,如北京2005年确立了公交优先发展的方针,并重点进行轨道交通建设,投入大量资金改善交通基础设施;之后实行车号限行、提高停车收费、摇号购车等政策,但收效不大.据调查,80％的出行者没有感觉到拥挤有所缓解.那么,为什么我国城市的交通拥挤难以治理,甚至越来越严重呢?     

世界公共交通简讯

<正>比利时布鲁日这座比利时的历史老城,是国际闻名的旅游城市。市内有很多保护建筑,但街道狭窄,交通拥挤,即使不是高峰时间也要堵车,使“美丽的布鲁日”的称号难负盛名。20世纪90年代,在弗     

新加坡城市交通发展模式对广州的启示

新加坡在经济快速发展、人口密度极高、土地资源限制下,仍能保持交通便利与行车顺畅,其成功在于塑造了“公交都市”,通过一系列组合政策运用,避免了交通拥挤带来的问题。新加坡的成功经验表明,交通拥堵问题是系统问题,必须从系统的角度寻找解决交通拥堵的良策,这对目前正努力建设公交都市的广州未来交通政策的制定尤其值得借鉴。     

世界各地车牌拾趣

科威特：上牌越晚交税越多 科威特为了解决交通拥挤的现象，减少汽车的数量，轿车的车牌税是随车牌的登记号而变化的。号码越大，税就越高。     

免费乘“公交”，开阔新思路

从2008年7月开始，湖南常宁市城区的公交车全部免费让人乘坐。此种做法为解决长期以来城市交通拥挤问题进行了新的尝试，为广大城市交通管理者开阔了新的思路。     

笑话

那是戈尔巴乔夫当总书记的时候。一天因私外出，嫌司机车开得如陉，催促了好几次，但因交通拥挤还是不能让他满意。最后戈尔巴乔夫一把抢过方向盘，把司机推到后面，自己开起来。他一路横冲直撞，造成一片混乱。交警打电话向交通局长反映。     

浅议城市规模控制——读霍华德《明日的田园城市》有感

伴随着18世纪的工业化进程,城市得到了快速发展,形成了世界范围内的城市化浪潮。而快速的城市化也带来了诸如交通拥挤、环境恶化、布局混乱等一系列城市问题,城市化过程中城市危机和“城市病”问题的出现也促成了控制城市规模膨胀理论的提出。霍华德的田园城市理论是其中最具代表性的探索,其思想的核心内容是通过城乡结合控制合理的城市规模,形成一种有机平衡的发展模式——建立城乡融合、     

唐山城市污水处理费征收工作的发展历程及主要经验

该文介绍了唐山城市排水有限公司城市污水处理费征收的过程、标准的演变、征收方式、法规建设以及主要经验。     

Determinanten regelkonformen Verhaltens am beispiel des Strassenverkehrs

The main role of traffic police enforcement can be seen as preventing road users from committing offences, which can be related to road crashes and injuries. As the operating principle underlying the impact of police enforcement a deterrence effect has been discussed repeatedly, whereas from a sociological perspective the importance of “Norm Internalisation” has been emphasised. Thus, the present paper aims at comparing the influence of “Norm Internalisation” and the variables constituting the deterrence effect on the compliance with rules in road traffic. Based on a secondary analysis of data from a project on behavioural determinants of police surveillance carried out by the “Institute of Applied Transport and Tourism Research” (IVT) on behalf of the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) an operationalisation of the construct “General Norm Orientation” is developed. In several subsequent steps of statistical analysis patterns of correlations with variables from Opp’s “Theory of Law Obedience” are revealed. Results show a sufficiently high internal consistency (α = 0,82) of the scale “General Norm Orientation” and significant correlations with variables from Opp’s theory. The directions of these correlations are as expected and confirmed by multivariate analyses. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for influencing road users’ behaviours.     

中国需要怎样的城市缓堵

由于城市化、机动化的快速发展,越来越多的中国城市正面临着城市交通拥堵的问题,如何有效缓堵已经成为一个战略性难题。本文分析了城市交通拥堵的实质,对许多措施缓堵效果不佳的原因进行了系统、深入地剖析,并对我国城市交通缓堵进程中的关键问题进行阐述。     

Passing a Mental Health Levy

ABSTRACT

The “devolution revolution” has decreased federal and state roles in the funding of social services and increased the burden on local sources, both public and private. This article describes how a community passed an initially unpopular property tax levy earmarked to support local drug, alcohol and mental health services. The article illustrates how social workers employing specific community practice knowledge provided leadership to the successful campaign. This example of community practice leadership includes building and maintaining coalitions, managing group tension and conflict and demonstrating fundamental social work values.     

城区交通拥堵的合作治理研究：以天津市为例

随着社会经济的不断发展,城区交通拥挤已成为一个普遍性问题。机动车快速增加、道路建设滞后、城市规划不合理、交通管理水平落后,造成的日益严重的交通拥堵影响了市民出行,也制约了城市治理及其经济发展。借鉴域内外先进经验,不断加强市政路网建设、完善公共交通,合理规划城市建设、公民文明交通意识建设,可以逐渐缓解城市拥堵问题。     

A Fitting “Social Model”: Culturally Locating Telemadre.Com

Telemadre.com is a website that represents what its producers call a “social model,” by which, for a fee, unemployed mothers cook meals for young professionals who do not have time to cook for themselves. In this paper we analyze this “social model” as a mediated relationship that is related to existing strands of contemporary Spanish culture and society. Drawing from existing ethnographic research and an analysis of the website itself we suggest the success of telemadre.com lies in (1) the ambiguous line it draws between (fictive) kinship and economic transaction; (2) its cultural embeddedness in diverse contemporary and traditional Spanish understandings of gender roles, expertise and knowledge; and (3) the mediated nature of the social relationships it entails.     

上海城市交通政策的优化研究

上海城市交通政策以交通供给和交通需求为主，对当前乃至未来的分析和预测表明，这不足以疏解上海的交通拥堵，还应该把空间结构优化作为重要政策加以实施。最后从多中心策略和就业一居住均衡策略的角度提出了优化上海城市交通政策的思路。     

PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION UNDER CONGESTION: HOTELLING WAS RIGHT

We introduce negative network externalities—“congestion costs”—into H. Hotelling's (1929) model of spatial competition with linear transportation costs. For any firm locations on opposite sides of the midpoint, a pure strategy price equilibrium exists and is unique if congestion costs are strong enough relative to transportation costs. We analyze product differentiation and find that Hotelling's Principle of Minimum Differentiation comes closer to holding in the presence of congestion costs. The greater are congestion costs, the less differentiated products can be in (locationally symmetric) equilibrium. In fact, minimum differentiation comes arbitrarily close to holding depending on the magnitude of these costs relative to transportation costs. Intuitively, greater congestion effects stabilize competition at closer quarters, eliminating aggressive pricing equilibria. Thus, negative network externalities can play a significant role in product differentiation. (JEL D21, L15, R12)