Economic Theory in Russia: From Crisis to a New Paradigm?

Recognition of the crisis in our economic theory has now become not only a mandatory thesis but also "good form" among people who in former times were not ashamed to call themselves political economists and even Marxists. And there are fundamental reasons for this.     

A Study on Low Fertility─Supplement to and Development of the Theory of Demographic Transition

Ⅰ.ShouldthePhenomenonofLowFertilityBeStudiedTheoreticallyandinPracticeorNot?Afteradramaticfallinfertilityinthe1970sandafluctuatingbutslowerfaIlinthe1980s,newfeaturesrelatedtothetotalbirthratehavebeennotedinthefirstfiveyearsofthe1990s,i.e.,moreandmoreprovinces,municipalitiesandautonomousregionsinChinaareapproachingorhavebeguntoexperiencenegativepopulationgrowth.Nationwide,thebirthratehasdroppedfrom2.31birthsperwomanin1990to2.00in1992(alreadyunderthereplacementlevelof2.1).In1992,twenty-onep…     

Marxism Is a Developing Theory

Marxisttheoryisintheprocessofcontinualdevelopment.ThiswaspointedoutbyEngelsalongtimeago.In1887hesaidinalettertoanAmericanlady:"ourtheoryisatheoryofevolution,notadogmatobelearnedbyheartandtoberepeatedmechanically."1Andfromthispointofview,Engelsoncewarnedthat,"...onemightexpectfixed,cut-to-measure,onceandforallapplicabledefinitions,"butthisisa"falseassumption."2WhatmakesMarxismscientificisthatfactsaretakenasthefinalcriterion,anditsteadfastlyupholdstheintegrationoftheoryandpractice.Thischaracte…     

Cornerstones of Marxist Literary Theory

Over a long period, literary and artisticcircles have rarely analyzed dominant Marx-ist literary theory to make clear which inter-related theories serve as its cornerstones. Itis of academic and practical significance forbuilding up modern literary theory to thrashout the basic points of Marxist literary theory.Marxist literary theory consists in six basicconceptions: the theory of literary activities,the theory of literary reflection, the theoryof artistic production, the theory of morphol-og…     

Marx's Theory of Property Rights

ItisnotsurprisingthatwhenevertherehasbeenmentionofpropertyrightsinWesterneconomictreatiesoverthepasttwentyyearsalmosteveryonehasquotedtheCoaseTheorem,andthepropertyrightstheoryofthepropertyrightsschoolortheneo-institutionalschool.Thestrangethingisthatthis…     

Questions on the Theory of Democracy

ＴｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｔａｓｋｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｍｗｉｔｈＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ａｎｄｉｓａｌｓｏｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌａｎｄｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌｇｕａｒａｎｔｅｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｈ…     

The ‘Cultural Lag’ Theory

A critique of the "cultural lag" theory evolved by Western sociologists — with particular emphasis on the work of W. F. Ogburn — which examines the reasons advanced by these sociologists for gaps between cultural and technological progress. Published to initiate discussion of the subject in USSR scientific circles. Vestnik Istorii Mirovoi Kultury (Journal of the History of World Culture), 1960, No. 6-slightly abridged.     

Constructing a Marxist Theory of Culture

马克思主义文化理论的出发点和可能基础是马克思主义关于人的活动的统一理论。中国共产党人结合本国历史文化特点,对马克思主义文化理论作出了重大发展。毛泽东思想中关于思想政治工作和文化工作的理论,是马克思主义文化理论与东方社会相结合的典范之作。邓小平理论的形成,表明中国共产党已经形成科学的、成熟的文化和意识形态理论。     

The Theory on the Value of Labor

Thevalueoflaborisatheoryofcommodityeconomy.Toestablishthesocialistmarketeconomysystem,Chinaneedstodrawtheoreticalstrengthfromthetheory.Thisessaysetsouttoinvestigatetheformationanddevelopmentofthistheory,andtopresentsomePOintsfordiscussion.KarlMarxcriticallyinheritedthescientificresultsofclassicaleconomicsand,basedonitsgreatdiscoveries,hecomprehensivelydiscussedanddevelopedthetheoryconcerningthevalueoflabor.Marxcanbesaidtohavefinalizedthescientifictheoryonthevalueoflabor.Whatwerethecontributi…     

The Marxist Source of the World-system Theory

As a Western Marxist theory of socialsciences the world-system theory has manysources, but Marxism is no doubt the mostimportant one. The world-system theory isa compromise, synthesization and continua-tion of Marxism. In respect of capital accu-mulation theory, Immanuel Wallerstein’s viewthat endless capital accumulation is the pri-mary motive force of capitalism came fromMarx and Luxemburg. Wallerstein pulledLuxemburg’s “third market” into the capi-talist world economy and magnified …     

A New Theory of the Categories of Consciousness

Ⅰ.TheEssenceofConsciousnessistheFunctionoftheBrainThatUnifiestheSubjectandObjectTheprevalentviewinChinaontheessenceofconsciousnessisthatconsciousnessisthefunctionofthehumanbraintoreflectthematerialworldandthereflectionofthematerialworldbythehumanbrainbymeansofthisfunction.The1989editionoftheChinesedictionaryCihai(TheSeaofWords),oneofthemostimportantChinesedictionariesinChina,definesconsciousness(yishi)as"thefunctionofhighlyperfectedandhighlyorganizedspecialmatter-thehumanbrain,andtheref…     

Li as a Way to Order: The Intellectual Characteristics and Historical Role of Xun Zi’s Theory of Li

Abstract

To illustrate the overall content and historical significance of Xun Zi’s political philosophy, this paper proceeds as follows. First, it reviews previous research on ideas of li (ritual and social norms) and discusses why Xun Zi’s theory of li has been undervalued. Second, it briefly introduces my earlier study of this issue, The Confucian Quest for Order: The Origin and Formation of the Political Thought of Xun Zi. Third, it proposes an analytical framework that highlights the intellectual characteristics and historical role of li in the Xunzi. This framework analyzes li in the broad sense, differentiating between the theory of li, li as an institution and li as a way to the restoration of order. Fourth, it describes some intellectual characteristics of the Xunzi’s theory of li as a way to order. Based on these discussions, this paper argues that Xun Zi’s theory of li as a way to order is a political philosophy with a broad vision which goes beyond the framework of a single dynasty or state to cover the history and modes of existence of human society as a whole.     

Kurt Lewin's Leadership Studies and His Legacy to Social Psychology: Is There Nothing as Practical as a Good Theory?

This paper re‐examines Kurt Lewin's classic leadership studies, using them as a concrete example to explore his wider legacy to social psychology. Lewin distinguished between advanced “Galileian” science, which was based on analysing particular examples, and backward “Aristotelian” science, which used statistical analyses. Close examination of the way Lewin wrote about the leadership studies reveals that he used the sort of binary, value‐laden concepts that he criticised as “Aristotelian”. Such concepts, especially those of “democracy” and “autocracy”, affected the way that he analysed the results and the ways that later social scientists have understood, and misunderstood, the studies. It is argued that Lewin's famous motto—“there is nothing as practical as a good theory”—is too simple to fit the tensions between the leadership studies and his own views of what counts as good theory.     

The Cost Theory and Development in Contemporary China

Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃｏｓｔｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｓｕｅｔｈａｔｈａｓｃｏｎｆｒｏｎｔｅｄｍａｎｋｉｎｄｓｉｎｃｅａｎｃｉｅｎｔｔｉｍｅｓ.Ｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｎｅｗ ｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｒｅｆｏｒｍａｎｄｏｐｅｎｉｎｇｕｐ ,ｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｔｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｎｆｕｌｌｓｗｉｎｇａｎｄＣｈｉｎａｈａｓａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄｔｒｅｍｅｎｄｏｕｓｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｅｓｉｎａｌｌａｒｅａｓｏｆｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,Ｃｈｉｎａ…     

Marx's Theory of Social Development and Its Contemporary Significance

Thetheoryofdevelopmentbegantogrowintoanintegratedbranchoflearningfromthe196osand7os,butthisdoesnotmeanthattherewerenoconceptsortheoriesofsocialdevelopmentpriortothistime.Developmentisalleternalthemethataccompaniesthewholeprocessofhumansociety.Atalltimesandinallcountries,agreatmanythinkersandtheoreticianshaveresearchedthisquestionandmuchvaluabledatahasbeenaccumulated.ThroughouthislifeKarlMarxwasconcernedwiththedevelopmentofhumansociety,andstudieditfromtheperspectivesofphilosophy,politics,econo…     

Production Function Based on the Labor Theory of Value

ProductionfunctionisamathematicalmodelusedinWesterneconomicstomakequantitativeanalysesontheproductionprocess,andiswidelyappliedtobothinmacroandmicroeconomies.TheresultsoftheanalysisofproductionfunctioninWesterneconomicsareofgreatimportancefortheoreticalresearchandanalysisofChina'seconomy,andintheestablishmentofapolicyforoveralleconomiccontrolofthenation.However,WesterneconomicsandMarxisteconomicsarefundamentallydifferent,withdifferentsystemsoflogicandvaluejudgements.Theproductionfunctionisah…     

Contrasting Confucian Virtue Ethics and Maclntyre's Aristotelian Virtue Theory

在一篇关于“儒家与亚里士多德主义者关于美德的会话”的文章中,麦金泰尔对儒家与亚里士多德美德理论之间的问题做出了一种“亚里士多德式的阐释”。本文则力图提供一种儒家的美德伦理阐释,而非对亚里士多德主义的美德理论做儒家式的阐释(与麦金泰尔的做法相对),并由此尝试对“儒家与亚里士多德美德理论之间的问题”做出一种儒家式的回答。讨论的问题主要涉及两个方面:个人与人伦:美德主体的概念视差;“成就”与“成人”:美德评价的标准视差。     

Wang Yangming''''s School and the Theory of Gongfu and Benti

Benti(originalnature)andgongfu(virtueattainedbyperfection)arecategoriesfrequentlyusedbySongandMingdynastyNeo-Confucianscholars,especiallybytheschoolofWangYangming.ThesetermsdefineoneaspectoftheYangmingschool'suniqueness,andarefurthermorethepointofdeparturefordivisionandchangewithintheschool.Thisarticleattemptstoprovideapreliminarydiscussionoftherelationshipbetweenthecategoriesofbentiandgongfuandthecategoryofti-yong(substance-function),WangYangming'stheoryofbentiandgongfu,andtheprocessofdivi…     

A New Development of the Marxist Theory of Party Building

江泽民“七一”讲话提出,要按照“三个代表”的要求,在坚持党的工人阶级先锋队性质的同时,根据经济发展和社会进步的实际,不断增强党的阶级基础和扩大党的群众基础。这是对马克思主义建党理论的新发展。为此,我们必须正确理解工人阶级的科学内涵和工人阶级队伍的新变化,明确判断党的先进性和阶级性的主要标志。     

Deng Xiao ping Theory and the Historical Destiny of Socialism

Ｔｒｅｍｅｎｄｏｕｓｃｈａｎｇｅｓｈａｖｅｔａｋｅｎｐｌａｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｍａｎｋｉｎｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｈａｌｆｏｆｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓｍｓｈｏｃｋｅｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｔｈｉｔｓｇｒｅａｔｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｅｓｏｖｅｒｌａｒｇｅａｒｅａｓｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｎａｌｙｅａｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｉｔｓｓｅｔｂａｃｋｓａｌｓｏａｓｔｏｕｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌ…