基于网络交互教学的大学英语自主学习研究与调查

计算机网络技术的发展为网络交互教学下的大学英语自主学习提供了条件和可能。国内外许多学者及教育界人士普遍关注网络交互下的大学英语自主学习,并把培养学生自主学习能力作为教育的最终目标。在网络交互自主学习的过程中,教师和学生要持有正确的态度,把握好指导与主体的度,并且师生、生生这间要形成一种新型的关系,从而加强网络教学的互动性。     

Family touch practices and learning experiences in the museum

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates how family museum visitors crafted learning through interaction with one another and the touch objects of an exhibition. Through a case study of seven families’ interaction, we show how families used touch to bring their interests and resources into dialogue with museum expectations and resources. Using a multimodal approach to analyze observational data, we generate a fine-grained account of differently configured family touch practices and ways of experiencing and knowing objects through their material, sensory tactile and affective qualities. We conclude by highlighting how our findings can inform the design of touch exhibits to support family learning, with attention to engagement, narrative creation, and embodied learning, and point to the paper’s methodological contribution to the analysis of visitor situated real-time interaction and learning in museums.     

合作学习的集体困境与解决策略——基于情境理论操作化的思考

情境学习理论提出"实践共同体"概念,关注群体学习互动如何置于复合的社会和文化环境当中。但是,当群体互动概念应用于中国本土的团队实践之时,却遭遇集体行动的困境。为此,笔者尝试提出回归教师权威和重建小组认同的两种修正路径,以探讨摆脱困境的操作策略。     

Improving Intergroup Relations: Lessons Learned From Cooperative Learning Programs

This article discusses the need for cooperative learning groups in integrated schools in order to promote more cross-race relationships than might otherwise be the case. We review research on 8 cooperative learning procedures. Evidence for the effectiveness of these programs in facilitating cross-race peer interaction is presented.     

榜样的力量：社会学习理论在戒毒同伴教育中的应用——以上海市自强总社“涅檠重生同伴辅导教育小组”为例

班杜拉的社会学习理论强调环境因素、个人认知和行为之间的相互作用，观察和模仿是学习的重要途径。上海市自强总社开展的同伴教育活动在运用社会学习理论的基础上充分发挥了同伴辅导员的榜样示范作用，有利于药物滥用人员自我效能感的提升，从而达到生理脱毒、心理康复、回归社会的目的。     

Lifelong Resiliency Learning: A Strength-Based Synergy for Gerontological Social Work

The significance of the synergy between promoting resiliency and the strengths-based perspective is well established in gerontological social work. This article reports on qualitative research that suggests another potentially productive synergy, one that can result from the interaction between the capacities for resiliency and lifelong learning. These findings emerged from a qualitative study involving 12 older women (ages 64–72) participating in the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at the University of Southern Maine. Lifelong learning is defined as a cognitive process by which individuals continue to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes over their lifetime. The implications of the data are considered from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes gerontological social work, educational gerontology, and adult learning. Specific social work research and practice initiatives that could confirm and operationalize this synergy are suggested.     

Influences on the effectiveness of peer interaction: children's level of cognitive development and the relative ability of partners

Studies of peer interaction among children have generally shown that this experience aids performance, or at the very least does not result in poorer performance in relation to control conditions. Furthermore, working with a more able partner has been found to be a particularly effective form of peer interaction. In contrast, a model proposed by Karmiloff-Smith suggests that at certain phases of cognitive development children may ignore feedback and information from task activities. These two ideas were tested in a study where pairs of 6–7 year old children had to balance a beam on a fulcrum during a computer task. The performance on a post-test did not support either viewpoint. Children who were working with a more able partner were found to perform significantly worse than other children. The findings of a second study suggested that this effect may have been due to the more able children having an incomplete understanding of the computer task and they may have dominated social interaction thereby restricting the progress of the less able pupil. The findings from these two studies indicate that peer interaction can result in poorer learning outcomes, and that Karmiloff-Smith's model should include the possibility of peer interaction effects.     

A Cognitive-Humanistic/Social Learning Perspective on Social Group Work Practice

The purpose of this article is to provide insight for students and educators in considering the inner world of group members and looking at what involvement with others in the group might mean in individual and collective ways. A social learning model helps explain for the student how growth and change take place. A contrast is made between an introspective/subjective and an extraspective/objective theoretical orientation. A cognitive-humanistic perspective provides some useful understandine about the subjective and intersubjective elements in human interaction in groups.     

FRIENDSHIP SKILLS

Children who are not adjusting to their environment because of poor peer relationship skills are well suited to group therapy. We have designed a short-term group treatment model for children with the limited focus of learning friendship skills. Each group consists of eight children (coed), between the ages of 9 and 11 working with two therapists for ten 1 1/2hr-sessions, twice a week for five weeks. The sessions are highly structured periods moving from less threatening, structured exercises/games to activities that require more personal interaction and trust. Following each activity the group verbally processes what happened.     

Developing somatic sensibilities for practices of discernment in interaction design

The recent turn in the field of human–computer interaction to design and the aesthetics of interaction has generated a renewed focus on the body as the fundamental site of experience. Interaction design researchers and educators are exploring how to design for the felt dimension of interactions with computing technologies, anchored in the sensing and feeling capacities of the lived body. An expanded view of aesthetics beyond the visual has led to calls for approaches that foster a somatic literacy for interaction design. Our focus in this article centers on the importance of incorporating somatic sensitization in design pedagogy, toward a more holistic approach taking advantage of the sapient capacities of the body as a tool for meaning-articulation. Through the presentation of our case involving a workshop comparing the notions of tactile sensing and felt-sensing, we discuss our strategies for including a somatic learning process in design education, particularly in the context of design evaluation and creativity. We discuss some of the challenges we have experienced in facilitating and developing somatic sensibilities for practices of discernment in the evaluation of the qualities of designed interactive technologies.     

Helping ‘Well’ Families to Change: A Pilot Study

This article describes a time limited, inter-generational project which offered ‘well’ families an opportunity to define priorities and needs and practise changed behaviour within a secure group. The program lasted for twelve weeks and emphasized an educational rather than a treatment bias. Experiential learning techniques were used to teach family dynamics and alternative means of conflict resolution to whole families. In this task, the contracting process came to be an increasingly valuable tool for managing conflict within the group and within each family. Some evidence is cited to show that participation in the group enabled families to change disabling patterns of interaction.     

“全民终身学习活动周”佛山模式的实践和启示

“全民终身学习活动周”是国内众多城市建设学习型城市的重要抓手。作为全国“全民终身学习活动周”优秀组织城市,佛山市从2013年开始举办“活动周”以来已探索出了“政府主导,多方协同;媒体宣传,营造氛围;整合资源,共享成果;树立典范,引领全民”的模式,实现了市、区、镇(街)、村(居)的四级联动。佛山模式的成功经验和做法对于其他城市开展“全民终身学习活动周”也具有一定的启示作用。     

Adult Sensitivity to Children's Learning in the Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (zpd) has brought wide attention to the role of adults in children's learning and development. The author proposes that beyond understanding its mechanism, its use is influenced by various factors which the adult needs to be sensitive to. Through integrating related literature on the zpd and on adult-child interactions, this paper aims to shed light on the nature of adult sensitivity in actualizing the zpd. The concept is first analyzed theoretically. Two types of sensitivity will then be discussed: adults' self-awareness and their awareness of children as active players in the interaction process. Sigel's concept of distancing is suggested as a means of enhancing one's sensitivity.     

An Unfinished Reflexive Journey: Social Work Students' Reflection on their Placement Experiences

The fieldwork placement is recognized as one of the major componentsof social work education and a major determinant of its quality.A key aspect of the learning process in the fieldwork placementis the exposition of practice encounters to the students’critical reflection. Given the importance of the process of‘reflection’ or ‘reflective learning’,a qualitative study based on the reflective logs of social workstudents was conducted to explore the meaning of social workfield education and the learning experiences of social workstudents during their placement. The study findings revealedthat disturbing events experienced by students in their fieldworkwere a catalyst to their reflective process. Meanwhile, theirundue concern with knowledge and skills application within acircumscribed knowledge frame suggests the dominant influenceof scientism and competence-based practice in social work, inwhich learning outcomes and instrumental and technical reasoningare highly emphasized. Discovery of ‘self’ was alsothe major premise in the students’ reflection logs, inwhich a majority of them took their prevailing self-identityas a constant state to be verified in interaction with othersin the fieldwork placement. Reflexivity is manifested in askingfundamental questions about assumptions generated by formaland practice theories; it addresses the multiple interrelationsbetween power and knowledge, and acknowledges the inclusionof self in the process of knowledge creation in social workpractice. Its realization in social work education requiresthe social work educators’ reflexive examination of thedynamics that influence the construction of curriculum, whichin turn construct our prospective social workers.     

Social Work Experience and Client Behavioral Change

This study examines the effects of social work experience upon client behavioral change. A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial design was implemented in order to ascertain the interaction between two levels of social work experience (experienced, inexperienced), three methods of group treatment (social learning, traditional group work, minimal treatment), and three modes of treatment group composition (referred groups, nonreferred groups, mixed groups). Throughout an 8-month period nonparticipant observers reported the mean proportionate incidences of prosocial, nonsocial, and antisocial behavior exhibited by 452 male adolescents. Longitudinal time-sampling data clearly indicate that experienced practitioners are more effective than are inexperienced ones at fostering positive behavioral changes. Nonetheless, the differential effects of leader experience are significantly influenced by contextual variable and, especially, by the compositional nature of the treatment group.     

网络左翼的三重面相:基于个案观察和大数据的探索性研究

本文在质性观察和归纳的基础上提出一个由“思想理论资源”与“立场取向”两个维度构成的理论模型,用以建构关于网络左翼思潮的类型学。在此基础上,本文使用个案观察加大数据文本分析的混合方法对三种网络左翼思潮进行研究,从经验上辨识与类型学一致的左翼社会思潮,即“国家主义左翼思潮”“民粹主义左翼思潮”与“自由主义左翼思潮”。此外,我们利用监督性机器学习技术与社群侦测技术,辨识各个网络左翼派别的社群结构,并分析它们彼此之间的网络互动与社群结构的演进。研究发现,随着时间的推移,“自由主义左派”逐渐式微,不再构成相对独立的互动社群;“民粹主义左派”与“国家主义左派”之间存在更密切的关系,但两者间裂痕的扩大也带来网络冲突的增加。     

高职生英语学习成绩与学习策略之关系

英语学习策略是英语学习过程中所采取的方法和手段。怎样提高学生学习策略,是目前英语教学上广泛探讨的问题。通过对学生英语学习策略的问卷调查,分析学习策略与学习成绩之间的关系,认为教师应指导学生选择正确的学习策略,学生应选择多种策略互补。     

Communicative competence in 5- to 8-year-olds with mild or moderate learning difficulties and their classroom peers: referential and negotiation skills

Two studies were run to examine communicative and social aspects of the interaction between 5- to 8-year-old children with mild or moderate learning difficulties (LD) and their classroom peers for whom no such difficulties had been observed (NLD). In the first study, the children's communicative responses to a referential group task were explored, through children describing drawings to each other. In terms of the nature of information exchange, few differences were found between NLD and LD children. Differences were found in terms of the social content of language: in the listener role, LD children tended to be the recipients of more critical and directive speech. The second study, focusing on consensus forming and negotiation processes in a co-operative group task, mirrored the patterns of social aspects found in Study 1. LD children tended to be less influential in affecting the consensus and in directing the course of the task.     

东西方传统文化对学习模式的影响——孔子和苏格拉底学习模式的比较研究

人类学习是一个广袤的课题。近来,不同文化背景下人们的学习信念问题引起国内外研究者越来越多的关注。学习模式是一个包含学习风格等多个层面的复杂的意义系统,东西方传统文化影响下形成了两种不同的学习模式,学习模式以内隐的方式影响个体的学习过程和行为。通过对以努力的学习观为主的孔子学习模式和以批判创新为主的苏格拉底学习模式的比较分析,可以看出西方研究者对东方学习方式存在一些误解,教育者在现代教育中应该充分考虑学习行为中的文化因素的重要性。     

基于移动互联网的混合式学习模式在高职教学中的应用

本文基于混合式学习理论，通过分析混合式学习相对于传统教学模式的优势，制定了基于移动互联网的混合式学习策略，搭建了基于移动互联网的混合式学习平台，针对具体的课程设计了教学实施过程，并形成了对应的行程式的考核评价体系。基于移动互联网的混合式学习利用学生更乐于接受的平台，结合传统教学的优势，在调动学生学习兴趣，利用碎片化学习时间方面收到了不错的成效。