A Danger to Themselves and to Others

Summary Some account is given of a small group of offender/patientsdefined as dangerous or potentially dangerous. Reasons are putforward in an attempt to explain an apparent reluctance to workwith such clients and the unease that often occurs when so doing.It is suggested that an approach may be required to such offender/patientswhich differs in some respects from more traditional modes oftreatment. Emphasis is placed upon the need for careful observationof material facts and events in the lives of such clients inaddition to the careful observation of the manifestations offeelings and attitudes which may give premonition of dangerousor potentially dangerous behaviour     

Comparative Mixed Risk Aversion: Definition and Application to Self-Protection and Willingness to Pay

We analyze the optimal choices of agents with utility functions whose derivatives alternate in sign, an important class that includes most of the functions commonly used in economics and finance (Mixed Risk Aversion, MRA, Caballé and Pomansky, 1996). We propose a comparative mixed risk aversion definition for this class of utility functions, namely, More Risk Averse MRA, and provide a sufficient condition to compare individuals. We apply the model to optimal prevention and willingness to pay. More risk averse MRA agents spend less to reduce accident probabilities that are above 1/2. They spend more only when accident probabilities are below 1/2. Explanations in terms of risk premiums are provided. The results presented also allow for the presence of background risk.     

Response to Bonanno and Nehring

Theory and Decision -     

传统文士人格与“二十四友”的附势心态

传统文士在春秋战国崛起时,对道与势的态度经历了由对道的恪守到对势的依附的转轨过程。汉以后,由于儒术的强化、引导、依附权势成为传统文士人格的普遍特征。“二十四友”的附势心态就是这种特征在西晋政治、文化背景下的自然显现。与文学史上其它文士集团相比,“二十四友”的附势心态表现得最为典型。     

Listening to seniors: successful approaches to data collection and program development

This paper provides guidelines for high quality data collection with community-residing older adults with illustrations drawn from the authors' practice. A mixed-method approach is described as a means to obtain the highest quality information from the sample. This approach combines focus groups and interviews along with mailed, closed-ended surveys to access both the "depth" of the seniors' responses as well as the "breadth" of responses; that is, the qualitative aspects provide the opportunity to identify and define relevant issues in the voices of respondents, while mailed surveys provide the kind of coverage necessary to make accurate predictions to the larger population of community-residing seniors.     

Children's Attention to Others' Beliefs during Persuasion: Improvised and Selected Arguments to Puppets and People

Until now children's attention to the beliefs of people they wish to persuade has been examined experimentally via tasks that were artificial in important respects. To determine whether such research has underestimated children's psychological perspective taking, two studies that manipulated task elements pertinent to ecological validity were conducted. Children in three age groups (3, 4/5, and 6/7 years) were asked (forced‐choice and open‐ended formats) how best to persuade puppets and people, with differing beliefs, to pet and play with various toy animals. Children offered as many or more belief‐relevant arguments in response to forced‐choice as to open‐ended questions. Only the oldest group attended to beliefs more when persuading a person compared with a puppet. Even on more realistic tasks, significant improvement with age across task formats confirmed a developmental trajectory in line with extant reports of children's belief reasoning. The findings support the idea that enhanced social competence corresponds specifically to children's increasing attention to beliefs in social interactions such as persuasion.     

从《中俄协定》到《苏日协定》--1924年前后苏联的对华对日外交

1917年俄国十月社会主义革命胜利后,新生的苏维埃政权遭到帝国主义的封锁与武装干涉,成为孤悬于国际社会之外的国家。为摆脱孤立的困境,提高国际声望和地位,使新生的政权获得国际社会的承认,在对西方列强交涉暂时无望的情况下,将注意力转向了东方的中国和日本。经过几年的不懈努力,终于在确保自身的主权和利益不受损害的前提下,于1924年前后签订了《中俄协定》、《奉俄协定》、《苏日协定》,与中国、日本建立了外交关系。《中俄协定》的签订使新生的苏维埃政权获得了最大邻国的承认,进一步打破了协约国的封锁,对中国而言,废除了以往两国间的不平等条约,并获得了苏联对外蒙是中国之一部分的承认,因而《中俄协定》对两国来说应当是一个双赢的结果。《日俄协定》的签订解决了两国关系中最大的障碍—库页岛问题,日俄间也建立了正常的外交关系,这本无可厚非,但该条约的某些内容却是以损害中国的主权和利益为代价,来换取自身在东北亚区域内的安全和利益。     

How to Analyze Survey Data Pertaining to the Time Bind, and How Not to Analyze Such Data

This note considers various ways of analyzing survey data pertaining to a central thesis of The Time Bind (Hochschild, 1997), and it comments on the particular analysis presented by Brown and Booth (2002). The following kinds of problems will be discussed here: (1) problems pertaining to the measurement of concepts, (2) problems pertaining to the selection of the data to be analyzed, and (3) problems pertaining to the selection of the statistical models to be used in the analysis. Appropriate methods for dealing with each of these three kinds of problems are introduced and described in the present note. When these appropriate methods are compared with the particular methods applied by Brown and Booth (2002), we find fault with the latter methods. Our attention in this note is focused on the analysis of data pertaining to a central thesis of The Time Bind , but the general approach presented here can also be applied more generally to study other theses of interest in the social sciences.     

搜狐优酷对簿公堂

5月25日,优酷网起诉搜狐网侵犯名誉权案开庭审理。这起诉讼由于涉及两大网络巨头备受关注。视频网站淘汰赛已基本完成,除门户网站外,正常独立生存的视频网站不超过5家。激动网董事长吕文生说。在国内互联网重量级企业或早或晚地都进入到视频领域之后,吕文生的话听起来略显悲壮。与之前的热闹相比,如今很多的视频网站已死掉了,行业的高集中度业已显现。     

Older People and Access to Care

Correspondence to Denise Tanner, School of Health and Social Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK. E-mail: d.tanner{at}coventry.ac.uk Summary At the heart of a number of New Labour health and social policyinitiatives are stated concerns with supporting independence,preventing deterioration and extending access to services. Thisarticle examines the potential impact of these initiatives,including Prevention Grants (Department of Health, 2000b), theNational Service Framework for Older People (Department of Health,2001a), the Fair Access to Care Services Guidance (Departmentof Health, 2002a), and the Single Assessment Process (Departmentof Health, 2002b), on older people with ‘low level’needs who have increasingly been excluded from services targetedat those in high risk categories. Key standpoints for this analysisare research findings indicating what older people themselveswant from preventive services. Central messages, consistentwith those from other service user ‘groups’, arethe need for support services that enable older people to continueto exercise choice and control over their lives. New preventivemeasures are evaluated in the light of these findings and foundwanting. It is argued that recent policy initiatives are likelyto do little to widen access to support services for those withlow intensity needs, and, moreover, that the processes involvedin identifying those at future high risk will detract from ratherthan enhance citizenship. A more diffuse approach to preventionis advocated, based on mutuality, community development, andcapacity-building.     

Soviet and British Historians to Meet

This note reports on the papers to be delivered at a joint conference of Soviet and British historians in Moscow. ["Anglo-Soviet Conference of Historians in Moscow," Voprosy Istorii, 1960, No. 6.]     

论确立并坚持科学的列宁主义观

确立并坚持科学的列宁主义观具有重要的意义,主要表现在:在思想上,有利于澄清关于列宁主义的各种错误认识;在实践上,有利于推进中国社会主义现代化建设事业的进程.确立并坚持科学的列宁主义观,必须从以下两个方面做起:学习与理解相结合,真正掌握列宁主义的精神实质;坚持与发展相结合,用不断发展着的马克思列宁主义指导新的实践.     

Secure Attachment to Family and Community

ABSTRACT

Disproportionately large numbers of high risk clients from Multiple Problem Families (MPFs) utilize a disproportionately large percentage of Medicaid, Health and Human Services. Clients from these families are involved in domestic violence, addiction, child abuse and neglect. They are over represented on the caseloads of state protective service agencies. The approach outlined in this paper is based on social attachment theory models. It stresses the use of long-term, home-based therapy, and community support agencies to establish and maintain safe secure attachment for these fragile families. The therapeutic goals are to foster attachments that lead to increased mentalisation, and to decrease the crisis-driven behavior that often results in high cost utilization of state services. A placement prevention model, outlined as an alternative “mentalising social system” approach, is proposed for treating disruptive MPF children. Family oriented, in-home, community-based treatment is found to be more cost effective and therapeutically helpful for these children than costly inpatient psychiatric admission followed by residential care.