Ministries and Agencies of Concurrent Commissionership to

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Population Challenge to Development of the West

Chinese women's fertility rate declined to belowthe replacement level in the early 1990s.However, a significant disparity in populationdevelopment exists between regions due to unevensocioeconomic development and different degrees towhich the family. planning program is implemented.China can be distinctly divided into three parts :eastern, central and western, based on different levelsof economic development, natural endowments,topographical conditions and access to transportation.Accordingly,…     

Survey to Assess Implementation of Women''''s Law

The Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women of the People’s Republic of China is the first of its kind in China tofocus on women and protection of their legal rightsand interests.As of the year 2002,the Law had beenput into effect for ten years.In order to understand     

Special Program to Lift MinorityGroups out of Poverty

China is making a special Program to Support Development of Small Minority Groups (2005-2010), according to Mao Gongning, director general of policies and regulations at the National Commission for Ethnic Affairs.The plan calls for the eradication of poverty at poverty-stricken ethnic-inhabited areas in six years. Those that have met their basic needs for subsistence should be able to reach middle-income levels and others even higher levels. Of the 55 ethnic minority groups in China, acc…     

Accelerate Social Development to Promote the Advancement of Society

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The sense of relative superiority — Central to well-being

QOL research appears to show that in nearly all countries which have been studied almost all sections of the community rate their subjective well-being (SWB) above the mid-point of scales. This paper suggests a partial explanation of this puzzling finding. It is that almost all human beings explicitly believe that their own performance in major life roles is well above average. We label this the human sense of relative superiority (SRS).In the 1985 Australian Quality of Life survey (N = 584) respondents rated their performance in seven major roles on a 7 point scale running from “way above average” to “way below average”. The percentages rating themselves above average ranged from 85.9% for main job to 49.8% for main spare time activity. Percentages rating below average ranged from 1% for main job to 11.5% for keeping fit and healthy. The median respondent rated himself/herself above average in five of seven roles. Differences between men and women, young and old, higher and lower status people, were slight.The later sections of the paper are concerned with the adaptive mechanisms by which large majorities manage to feel SRS. Differential weighting of sub-roles in assessment of overall role performance and use of restricted reference groups are suggested as two such mechanisms. The concluding section discusses the benefits and costs of SRS. Benefits include enhanced self-esteem and SWB. Costs include failure to perceive one’s own poor performance and hence to take corrective action.     

Survey to Assess Implementation of Women＇s Law

The Law on the Protection of the Rights andInterests of Women of the People‘s Republicof China is the first of its kind in China to focus on women and protection of their legal right sand interests. As of the year 2002, the Law had been put into effect for ten years. In order to understand     

On the intrinsic force of convergence to stability∗

Observed populations differ greatly in the speed with which they approach the stable form, but what determines rates of convergence is not fully understood. The present paper shows that the force of convergence does not approach a fixed value, but oscillates indefinitely around an “intrinsic”; level. That level, h?, is determined by the square of the ratio of the 2 largest eigenvalues of the Leslie matrix. The value of h? can be closely approximated by a simple function that changes directly with the square of the coefficient of variation and inversely with the mean of the stable net maternity function. Population entropy, another measure of dispersion relative to the mean, is also highly correlated with h?.     

More Efforts to Control Pollution of the Huaihe River

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Expert Proposes Five Strategies to Check Spread of Disease

China needs to take a systematic approach and make out a series of effective measures to effectively prevent AIDS from spreading on a massive scale, according to Zeng Yi, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of the China Research Institute of Preventive Science. Experts estimate that the actual number of HIV/AIDS carriers in China had exceeded 600,000 by the end of 2000. Zeng, a celebrated virologist in China, proposed the following strategies …     

Development of a survey instrument to evaluate women’s experiences of their maternity care

BackgroundThe process of developing a survey instrument to evaluate women’s experiences of their maternity care is complex given that maternity care encapsulates various contexts, services, professions and professionals across the antenatal, intranatal and postnatal periods.AimTo identify and prioritise items for inclusion in the National Maternity Experience Survey, a survey instrument to evaluate women’s experiences of their maternity care in the Republic of Ireland.MethodsThis study used an adapted two-phase exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Phase one identified items for possible inclusion and developed an exhaustive item pool through a systematic review, focus groups and one to one interviews, and a gap analysis. Phase two prioritised the items for inclusion in the final item bank through a Delphi study and consensus review.FindingsFollowing iterative consultation with key stakeholder groups, a bank of 95 items have been prioritised and grouped within eight distinct care sections; care during your pregnancy, care during your labour and birth, care in hospital after the birth of your baby, specialised care for your baby, feeding your baby, care at home after the birth of your baby, overall care and you and your household.ConclusionRobust and rigorous methods have been used to develop a bank of 95 suitable items for inclusion in the National Maternity Experience Survey.     

Determined to stop? Longitudinal analysis of the desire to have no more children in rural Mozambique

Classic demographic theories conceptualize desired family size as a fixed goal that guides fertility intentions over the childbearing years. However, a growing body of research shows that fertility plans, even nominally long-term plans for completed childbearing, change in response to short-term conditions. Because of data limitations, much of this research has focused on low-fertility contexts, but short-term conditions are likely to be even more important in high-fertility contexts. This paper uses three waves of survey data collected in rural Mozambique to study predictors of the desire to stop childbearing in a context of relatively high fertility and high individual and social instability. We use fixed effects models to assess how women’s desires to stop childbearing are shaped by demographic factors, household economic conditions, and health status, controlling for constant individual characteristics. Results provide evidence that fertility desires both reflect stable underlying goals and evolve in response to individual and social circumstances.     

Ability and rates of return to schooling—making use of the Swedish enlistment battery test

Using the Swedish military enlistment test, this paper estimates the return to schooling for individuals belonging to different parts of the ability distribution. It also attempts to predict whether an endogenous test score causes bias in the “ability-specific” returns to schooling that varies with the test score. A significant finding is that a higher score in the test is associated with a higher return to schooling, but that the positive association is diminishing in the test score. In general, the bias in the ability-specific returns to schooling does not seem to vary with the test score level.

University Students’ Sense of Belonging to the Home Town: The Role of Residential Mobility

In the study of young people’s relationships with residential contexts, it is important to consider the role of developmental tasks (e.g. identity construction, academic and professional choices, etc.) in influencing Place Identity and Sense of Community. Residential mobility may represent an adaptive strategy for modifying some aspects of one’s identity and a contributing factor to the development of autonomy from the family. Limited attention has been devoted to the study of the ways young people deal with their attachments to old and new places within this process. This study involved 203 university students, attending a large university in the North of Portugal. The aim was to investigate Place Identity (PI) and Sense of Community (SoC) related to the home town, and differences according to residential condition (native vs. temporary resident) and year of attendance (I vs. IV). Among students who moved, the role of motives (forced vs. voluntary) and of residential choices after graduation on PI and SoC were assessed. Results indicated that, among students who moved for academic reasons, SoC and PI related to the home town were lower and decreased from the first to the fourth year. SoC was higher among students who experienced the relocation as a forced choice. Students who anticipated to return to their home town after graduation had higher SoC and PI.     

Standardization of Pathways to Adulthood? An Analysis of Dutch Cohorts Born Between 1850 and 1900

This article examines pathways to adulthood among Dutch cohorts born in the second half of the nineteenth century. Although largely overlooked by previous studies, theory suggests that life courses of young adults born during this period were already influenced by a process of standardization, in the sense that their life courses became more similar over time. Using data from a Dutch registry-based sample, we examine household trajectories: that is, sequences of living arrangements of young adults aged 15–40. Our study shows that for successive cohorts, household trajectories became more similar. We identified six types of trajectories: early death, life-cycle service, early family formation, late family formation, singlehood, and childless but with partner. Overtime, early family formation gradually became the “standard” trajectory to adulthood. However, late family formation and singlehood, tcommon pathways within the preindustrial western European marriage pattern, remained widespread among cohorts born in the late nineteenth century. Laboring class youths, farmers’ daughters, young people of mixed religious background, and urban-born youngsters were the nineteenth century forerunners of a standard pathway to adulthood.     

UNEP Head Dismisses Reports of China''''s Threat to the Global Environment

United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)Executive Director Klaus Topfer has denied reportsthat he said China’s ambitious economic growth plansare environmentally unachievable.     

The Influence of Attitude to Money on Individuals’ Financial Well-Being

Social Indicators Research - Using the quarterly data of the United Kingdom (UK) for the period from 1975Q1 to 2016Q1, the paper analyses the dynamic and the asymmetric responses of inequality to...     

Obstacles to be Overcome in Improving the Status of Chinese Women

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Learning to Stay? Mobile Modernity and the Sociology of Choice

Abstract

Linking physical and social mobilities to a modernity typified by increased foci on individualization, consumption, workplace flexibilization and the need for further (and further) education, this paper argues the need for mobility scholars to pay greater attention to the role played by educational institutions in family formation and the decisions associated with where to locate oneself in relation to these institutions. The research project under consideration took place in a remote Australian resource boomtown, an epicentre of global capital concentration and a concomitant mobile modernity. It focuses on educational decision-making that absorbs increasing amounts of energy among middle-class families in various parts of the globe, exploring the sociological implications of this and the links with physical and social mobilities.