公平偏好如何影响开放式创新:一个基于计算经济学的研究

本文利用基于Agent的计算经济学方法和EWA学习模型,研究了不同公平偏好特征下创新主体对不同创新模式选择的问题。通过为Agent赋予四种不同的公平偏好类型:狭义的自利性偏好、竞争性偏好、差异厌恶性偏好和社会福利偏好,观察其在外向型开放式创新、内向型开放式创新、双向型开放式创新和封闭式创新四种创新策略之间的选择行为。研究结果表明:当创新主体具有狭义的自利性偏好时,封闭式创新和内向型开放式创新被选择的比例相当,并且多于外向型开放式创新和双向型开放式创新被选择的比例。当创新主体具有竞争性偏好时,封闭式创新被选择的比例又明显多于内向型开放式创新性。当创新主体具有差异厌恶性偏好时,外向型开放式创新被选择的比例也会明显减少,同时选择双向型开放式创新的主体基本消失。当创新主体具有社会福利偏好时,双向型开放式创新被选择的比例又会显著增加。     

Trust as Capacity: The Role of Integrity and Responsiveness

The article examines the relationship between trust and administrative capacity. Administrative capacity is enhanced by trust in government, and trust in government is enhanced by promoting greater integrity and responsiveness in government.     

Ex Post Problems in Buyer–Supplier Transactions: Effects of Transaction Characteristics, Social Embeddedness, and Contractual Governance

This paper focuses on ex post governance of inter-firm transactions. We develop and test hypotheses on the occurrence of ex post problems like delivery delays, inferior quality, and insufficient service in buyer–supplier transactions. Our hypotheses address effects of transaction characteristics, of social embeddedness, and of contractual governance on the occurrence of problems. Other than earlier research on embeddedness effects in this field, we consider not only effects of dyadic embeddedness but also effects of network embeddedness. We test hypotheses using rich survey data on more than 1200 purchases of information technology (IT) products: hardware and software, both standard and complex. We find evidence for effects of transaction characteristics on the occurrence of problems, while our data do not support hypotheses on effects of contractual governance. Our data provide rather consistent support for hypotheses on the effects of embeddedness. Specifically, we find evidence that network embeddedness reduces problems.     

智能体建模和资本市场复杂性

以复杂适应系统的思想和智能体建模的方法研究资本市场复杂性是新兴的有价值的研究领域,阐述了资本市场作为复杂适应系统的动力机制,介绍了这一领域一个重要模型———少数派博弈(minority game,MG)模型.仿真发现,处于拥挤阶段的MG具有和实际市场相近的收益率分布.进一步扩展标准MG,提出了快速适应的少数派博弈模型,仿真结果显示,新的模型有着和真实市场相同的特征:收益率分布的尖峰和肥尾现象,揭示了资本市场复杂性的内部动力学机理.     

The Determinants of Trust and Credibility in Environmental Risk Communication: An Empirical Study

This study examines a key component of environmental risk communication; trust and credibility. The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, six hypotheses regarding the perceptions and determinants of trust and credibility were tested against survey data. The hypotheses were supported by the data. The most important hypothesis was that perceptions of trust and credibility are dependent on three factors: perceptions of knowledge and expertise; perceptions of openness and honesty; and perceptions of concern and care. In the second part, models were constructed with perceptions of trust and credibility as the dependent variable. The goal was to examine the data for findings with direct policy implications. One such finding was that defying a negative stereotype is key to improving perceptions of trust and credibility.     

多层级领导对员工信任、工作绩效及创新行为的影响模式研究

信任已成为企业和学术界解决组织中管理要素--人--不确定性问题的重要手段.本文基于不同层级领导对员工的不同影响特点,探讨了多层级领导建立员工信任的不同途径,建立了多层级领导对员工信任及创新等绩效的影响机理模型,并通过中国的实际数据及结构方程模型对此进行了初步验证.研究结果为解释组织内复杂的领导与信任现象及提升组织内的信任水平、创新能力等提供了有益参考.     

中小企业债权治理评价与成长性研究——来自中国中小上市公司的经验证据

债权治理处于公司治理体系的内核,债权治理评价是公司治理系列评价的重要受体。本文在对国内外文献进行评述的基础上,构建中国中小上市公司债权治理评价指数,并籍此从偿债能力、债务融资、资产期限、债务期限四个纬度对205家中小上市公司样本的治理状况进行分析评价,并从不同企业特征因素的视角,对债权治理状况进行分组研究。同时,匹配中小上市公司成长性评价体系,对两类指数进行综合相关性和回归研究。结果显示债权治理总体状况偏低,不同所有制下有较大差异,债权治理与公司成长性呈倒U型关系。高偿债、低债务融资均不利于公司成长,债务期限和资产期限结构的不平衡使其对成长性影响不显著。公司规模、公司质量和实际所得税率是影响债权治理水平和公司成长性的重要特征因素。     

Effective Design of Products/Services: An Approach Based on Integration of Marketing and Operations Management Decisions*

This paper presents an integrated framework for designing profit‐maximizing products/ services, which can also be produced at reasonable operating difficulty levels. Operating difficulty is represented as a function of product and process attributes, and measures a firm's relative ease or difficulty in meeting customer demand patterns under specified operating conditions. Earlier optimum product design procedures have not considered. operational difficulty. We show that optimum profit, market share, cost, and product profiles are dependent on operating difficulty level. Empirical results from the pizza delivery industry demonstrate the value of the proposed Effective Product/Service Design approach.     

Coordination of teams,meetings, and managerial processes in construction projects: using a lean and complex adaptive mechanism

In a construction project, the ‘production planning and control’ function drives the deployment of construction operations. A reliable function is therefore essential. Currently, this function is supplied using economic/contractual and production processes. This approach, however, disregards the explicit regulation of teams, meetings, and the linkages between the function’s elements. Using Lean Management and Complexity theories, we studied a mechanism to address this issue. Using data from an 18-storey building construction project in a case study, this paper analyses a prototype system for driving the function using their linkages. A questionable behaviour beyond the function’s capability was found. This behaviour involves complex, flexible, and push features, focused on execution, where the linkages driven by teams, meetings and processes cause variation from 10% up to 54% in the failure reasons, the progress, and the reliability. These findings suggest a function driven by its complexity level. These new insights require further study.     

Coordinating Service‐Sensitive Demand and Capacity by Adaptive Decision Making: An Application of Case‐Based Decision Theory*

The subject of this article is the simultaneous choice of product price and manufacturing capacity if demand is stochastic and service‐level sensitive. In this setting, capacity as well as price have an impact on demand because several aspects of service level depend on capacity. For example, delivery time will be reduced if capacity is increased given a constant demand rate. We illustrate the relationship between service level, capacity, and demand reaction by a stylized application problem from the after‐sales services industry. The reaction of customers to variations in service level and price is represented by a kinked price‐demand‐rate function. We first derive the optimal price‐capacity combination for the resulting decision problem under full information. Subsequently, we focus on a decision maker (DM) who lacks complete knowledge of the demand function. Hence the DM is unable to anticipate the service level and consequently cannot identify the optimal solution. However, the DM will acquire additional information during the sales process and use it in subsequent revisions of the price‐capacity decision. Thus, this decision making is adaptive and based on experience. In contrast to the literature, which assumes certain repetitive procedures somewhat ad hoc, we develop an adaptive decision process based on case‐based decision theory (CBDT) for the price‐capacity problem. Finally, we show that a CBDT DM in our setting eventually finds the optimal solution, if the DM sets the price based on absorption costs and adequately adjusts the capacity with respect to the observed demand.     

金融危机10年来中国股市动态演化与市场稳健研究——一个基于复杂网络视角的实证

将复杂网络理论最小生成树(MST)算法和滑窗分析相结合,在2008年全球金融危机和2015年中国股市震荡的背景下,以2003年至2017年的上证A股收益率数据作为实证样本,构建股票市场动态关联网络,并从网络节点移除和连边变化两个角度出发,对其在不同时期的动态演化特征和市场稳健性质进行探讨。研究结果表明:网络结构整体上在金融危机之前和之后较为松散,而在金融危机和股市震荡期间则变得非常紧凑,节点的度分布和影响强度分布更加聚集。这意味着在金融危机和股市震荡期间,系统重要性公司的影响力持续增强,其股价的变化对其它公司将产生更为显著的影响;不同类型的事件对股市网络连通性和稳健性的影响程度不同,区域性事件(股市震荡)比全球性事件(金融危机)对市场的冲击更大;短期来看,金融危机和股市震荡对网络连边的稳健性并没有造成太大的冲击,整个研究时段网络的存活比率都维持在较高的水平。但随着步长的增加,网络的存活比率急剧下降,这意味着股市网络相关结构的长期稳健性是减弱的。