冗余资源与企业绩效关系的情境研究——兼谈冗余资源的数量变化

文献普遍认为冗余资源在企业经营状况良好时增加,经营状况不良时减少,事实真的如此吗？学者们在争论应该用何种理论解释冗余资源作用的同时,忽略了该资源本身也是企业行为的结果和管理的对象,以及企业情境会影响它与绩效之间的关系.本文认为冗余资源数量偏离预期时,企业会据此进行响应,而这种响应所造成的结果在经营状况不同的企业中会有所区别.本文选取我国上市公司作为样本进行分析,发现经营状况不良的企业,非沉淀性冗余资源显著减少,而沉淀性冗余资源却显著增加,冗余资源和企业绩效之间均存在正U型关系;经营状况良好的企业中,其非沉淀性冗余资源显著增加,而且冗余资源和企业绩效之间存在倒U型关系.     

关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效——基于行为视角的实证研究

大多数研究认为,善于利用社会关系网络的创业者更可能收获更高的新企业绩效,但对关系资源在促进新企业绩效中的角色并没有引起足够重视.针对这一问题,本文考察了创业者所利用的关系强度、关系资源与新企业绩效之间的逻辑联系,以及资源获取行为对该作用过程的中介作用.研究发现:在创业过程中,越丰富利用关系资源的创业者更容易整合到更丰裕的创业资源,从而提升新企业绩效.尽管所利用关系强度更高的创业者往往能以更快的速度获取创业资源,但并不能确保创业者能够迅速应付创业初期的资源需求,并不会改善新企业绩效.本文的主要理论贡献在于嵌入到行为层面揭示了社会资本改善新企业绩效的作用机制及资源获取的中介作用,发现网络嵌入性资源是有助于解释新企业绩效差异的重要变量,这是对已有文献的重要补充.     

财务冗余与企业绩效的关系

通过实证分析,提出了财务冗余与企业绩效之间的N型关系模型,当企业的财务冗余太少时,财务冗余与绩效正相关;当企业的财务冗余适度时,财务冗余与绩效负相关;当企业的财务冗余过多时,财务冗余与绩效正相关。     

人力资源冗余与企业绩效的关系

人力资源是企业生存和发展的关键,是企业的核心。人力资源冗余与企业的绩效之间存在着密切的联系,保持适度的人力资源冗余对于提高企业的绩效具有非常重要的意义。本文将对人力资源冗余的形成和特点进行深入的分析,并在此基础上研究其与企业绩效之间的关系,以期为我国企业的发展提供一些参考。     

困难情境下组织冗余作用研究:兼谈市场搜索强度的调节作用

既有研究经常认为,组织冗余在企业面对困难情境时将发挥缓冲功能,但是组织冗余和困境均有着不同的类别.本文首先分析金融危机、绩效不佳这两种不同困境对组织冗余作用的影响.困境中的企业经常积极搜索外部机会以寻求扭转局面的途径,本文同时分析市场搜索所起的调节作用,并选择我国制造类上市公司2005-2010年的面板数据检验假设.研究发现,金融危机时期非沉淀冗余作用减少,而沉淀冗余的增加,绩效不佳时,非沉淀冗余作用增加;诸如投资之类的市场搜索行为对非沉淀冗余和沉淀冗余分别产生负向和正向的调节作用,而两种困境则同样会对这些调节作用产生影响.     

制造业企业期望绩效反馈效果对组织冗余结构的影响及后果北大核心CSSCI

在制造业企业创新驱动背景下,本文对制造业企业期望绩效反馈效果与组织冗余结构的关系进行探索,并在此基础上进一步研究了产品市场竞争与融资约束的调节作用,以及冗余结构偏离对企业绩效的影响。以2001-2014年制造业A股上市公司的面板数据来检验本文假设,结果发现:对于制造业企业,期望绩效反馈负向影响了企业的冗余结构;产品市场竞争加强了两者间的负向关系,同时该情境效应在融资约束情境中更为凸显;最后,组织实际冗余结构偏离标准冗余结构的程度越大,企业绩效将会越低。考虑了反事实情形和内生性问题,采用基于Kernel匹配得分法为实证结果提供了稳健性检验。本文的研究结论进一步加深了学术界和商业界对组织冗余结构的理论诠释和实践指导。     

组织冗余与绩效的关系:中国上市公司的时间序列实证研究

尽管学者对组织冗余和绩效的关系尚无定论,但是在转型经济中,人们通常认为组织的绩效随着冗余的增加而降低,组织冗余是企业特别是国有企业低绩效的公共原因。可是最近的一些实证研究表明,在转型经济中,组织冗余和绩效的关系并不总是线性负的,也可能是U型(组织冗余和绩效一开始是负的关系,但当冗余超过一定程度时,他们的关系就成为正相关了)和倒置U型(组织冗余有一个理想的范围,低于或高于这个范围对绩效的影响都是负的)。本文使用中国278家上市公司从1994年到2001年的数据作为样本进行分析,提出了一个新的组织冗余和绩效之间关系模型,该模型包括了几乎所有文献中所出现的看似矛盾的组织冗余和绩效的关系,具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

期望落差与企业创新的动态关系——冗余资源与竞争威胁的调节效应分析

期望落差导致决策者倾向于冒险创新还是规避风险, 这仍旧是没有解决的重要问题.创新是决策者的冒险动机与冒险能力共同作用的结果, 并且这种作用还将受到企业内部冗余资源以及外部竞争威胁的制约.基于中国民营上市公司数据, 主要得到以下几方面的结论:期望落差所引致的冒险动机与可感知冒险能力的动态变化, 最终导致了企业决策者随着企业期望落差的递增而提升创新投入, 但拐点之后其冒险创新的动力则逐渐减弱;组织冗余在期望落差与企业创新之间起到显著的正向调节作用, 即充足的冗余资源提高了落差状态下的企业创新投入;竞争威胁则在期望落差与企业创新之间起到显著的负向调节作用, 即企业面临的竞争威胁程度越高则越有可能降低它在期望落差状态下的创新投入;最后, 冗余资源与竞争威胁还显著地影响到企业创新投入的曲率及斜率的动态变化.     

人力资源管理视角的情绪工作研究综述

在服务经济时代,组织更加依赖员工个人的即时表现来影响顾客对服务质量的感知,员工负担的情绪工作要求员工运用情绪能量、承担情绪负荷,本质上是组织对员工个人情绪资源的管理。通过从人力资源管理的视角对情绪工作的相关研究文献进行了回顾,探讨了从人力资源管理视角对情绪工作进行深入研究的机会。     

Antecedents and Outcomes of Political Tie Intensity: Institutional and Strategic Fit Perspectives

Although international nonmarket strategy research has highlighted the importance of political ties, it is still unclear why some foreign subsidiaries are more politically active than others and what conditions may render political practices beneficial in a host country. We argue that foreign subsidiary political tie intensity—the extent to which senior managers provide time and resources in informally dealing with government officials for nonmarket purposes—will be influenced by political institutions in their parent's home country, especially when the MNE parent attempts to protect foreign subsidiary resources. Additionally, we assert that fit between a parent's home country political institutions and foreign subsidiary political tie intensity will positively affect subsidiary performance. We employ primary data collected from 181 foreign subsidiaries in the Philippines and find support for our hypotheses. This study advances international nonmarket strategy research by highlighting how an MNE's home country political institutions shape subsidiary political networking and strategic performance outcomes in host country environments.     

聚焦活动与企业价值之关系——从公司治理机制探讨

本研究系探讨企业聚焦活动宣告对股票报酬之影响,采用1993年至2002年间33家台湾上市上柜公司宣告聚焦活动为研究对象,并以事件研究法市场模型为分析工具,同时以复回归方法从公司治理角度去探讨影响累积异常报酬之因素。研究结果发现,企业聚焦之宣告可获得显著且正向累积异常报酬;而董事会规模、上一年多角化程度以及研究发展费用等因素与累积异常报酬呈正相关。然而,大股东持股比率与累积异常报酬呈负相关。     

Managers' Perspectives on Making Major Investment Decisions: the Problem of Linking Strategic and Financial Appraisal

Major investment decisions are an important factor shaping strategic change in complex organisations. Traditionally, they have been primarily regarded as the domain of financial theory, with a few notable exceptions. This paper explores how the apparent gulf between strategic and financial appraisal of major investment decisions can be bridged. The approach taken in this research study was to explore linkages between strategic and financial appraisal from managers' own perspectives. These perspectives were examined through a learning process. This enabled managers to reflect and debate on their experiences and issues - upon both strategic and financial theory(s). Unlike many prior studies, this research took a qualitative approach to data analysis and interpretation. This yielded a range of insights - some of these amplified findings in earlier research studies; others suggested a more radical shift in thinking on strategic/financial appraisal linkages towards a closer fusion of the two disciplines.     

中国家族企业的代际传承过程研究——基于组织行为学与社会学的视角

基于组织行为学与社会学的视角,对中国家族企业代际传承实施过程中接班人的培养机制进行了较为系统的探讨,对能力、资本、权力及文化4个方面的传承问题进行了深入研究,并提出具体的理论依据以及相应的解决措施,以实现家族企业接班人的平稳过渡。     

Accounting Performance and Capacity Investment Decisions: Evidence from California Hospitals

Capacity decisions involve trade‐offs between the cost of capacity and the opportunity costs of lost sales. Accounting researchers posit that accounting performance provides sufficient information about these trade‐offs and thus can be used to formulate simple rules to assist capacity decisions. Empirical research has not examined the role of accounting information in capacity investment decisions at the department level in a multiproduct firm in the presence of social costs. Empirical analyses using department‐level data from California hospitals for the period 1998–2005 show that hospitals are more likely to make capacity investments in departments with high accounting performance. However, in the presence of demand variability, the association between accounting performance and capacity investment is attenuated because of the resulting increase in noise in accounting performance measures. Thus, the weight on accounting performance as a decision tool for capital investments reduces when there is demand variability. Another factor that reduces the weight on accounting performance is capacity utilization. Higher capacity utilization can lead to turning away or rerouting of patients to other hospitals and negatively impacts reputation and quality of care, which increases the hospital's social costs. Hence, hospitals do not require high accounting performance before investing in a department with high capacity utilization. This empirical evidence of the role of accounting performance in capacity investment decisions fills a gap in the capacity investment literature and furthers our understanding of the interactions between accounting performance and the operational determinants of firms’ capacity investment behavior.     

证券投资基金业绩评估之综述

从传统风险调整收益模型、时机选择能力与证券选择能力分析模型、其它模型以及基金业绩的持续性与生存偏差等方面,对基金业绩评估主流思想特别是目前还有争议的问题进行了介绍与总结.     

Strategic Investment Decision Processes and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Examination

The central question that this paper aims to answer is whether there is a relationship between organizational performance and the characteristics of strategic investment decision (SID) processes. To do so, it adopts an empirically derived nine-dimensional framework for classifying SID processes and employs a set of objective and perceptual measures of performance. The empirical results stemming from the process-performance relationship, suggest that higher performance is strongly related to more rational decision-making processes (DMPs); more financial reporting activities; broader participation both in terms of departments and in terms of hierarchical levels. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term performance appears to be more strongly related to SID processes than short-term performance and the ‘structural’ characteristics of the DMPs (i.e. rationality, financial reporting) are mainly related to long-term objective performance, while such ‘behavioural’ characteristics of the DMPs, as problem-solving dissension, reveal some interesting associations with short-term performance. In light of these findings, implications for theory and future research are advanced     

序列投资下的石油勘探投资最优时机选择

综合考虑石油勘探投资的不可逆性、序列性和不确定性,结合市场需求和勘探储量的不确定性刻画勘探储量转让价格的随机动态变化,运用实物期权思想下的序列投资决策方法探究了石油勘探项目的最优投资时机选择问题,得出各阶段最优投资时机临界值的解析表达式,并与一次性完成投资的决策结果进行对比,进而剖析了不确定性参数对各阶段最优投资时机的影响。结果表明,序列投资决策模型能够弥补一次性投资决策模型容易错失投资机会的局限性;各阶段最优投资时机临界值同市场需求波动率、勘探主体价格控制能力呈同向变动,同市场需求漂移率呈反向变动;随勘探进程的不断深入,最优勘探投资时机临界值对以上参数的敏感性程度不断增强。     

From Resources to Value and Back: Competition Between and Within Organizations

Examining the relationship between the competitive processes between and within organizations, we use selection system theory to link resource value to product value. We identify three dimensions (in‐selection, before‐selection and after‐selection) that facilitate determining the value of resources based on the functions they serve in the competitive process between organizations in the product market, i.e. the external selection system. Subsequently, we use these dimensions to explore the competitive process among resource providers within organizations, i.e. the internal selection system. This leads us to formulate three propositions that link the competitive process within organizations to the competitive process between organizations. First, we posit that if resources that individually score highly along only one of the three dimensions are bundled, it is more likely that organizational performance can be sustained. Second, we argue that providers of resources scoring highly along multiple dimensions will enjoy stronger means of appropriation in comparison with providers of resources scoring highly along only one of the three dimensions. Third, we contend that the extent to which an organization endeavours to remunerate its resource providers based on their perceived contribution to the organization's competitive position has a curvilinear (inverted U‐shaped) relationship with organizational performance.