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1.
Helga Myrseth Geir Scott Brunborg Magnus Eidem 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):561-569
Cognitive distortions have been thought to play an important role in the development and maintenance of pathological gambling.
The present study investigated whether severity of gambling problems and gamblers’ preference for chance or skill games were
related to two sub-factors of cognitive distortions as measured by the Gamblers Belief Questionnaire: Luck/Perseverance, which
reflects an individual’s perception that chance is favorable to him/her, and Illusion of Control, which reflects an individual’s
perception that his/her behavior influences chance occurrences. Participants (N = 166) were recruited from a race track (n = 79), off-course betting facilities (n = 50) and from an online treatment program for problem gamblers (n = 49). Gambling severity was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen, and 73 were classified as pathological gamblers
whereas 93 were classified as non-pathological gamblers. The present study supports previous proposals that cognitive distortions
are core processes related to gambling behavior as pathological gamblers reported more cognitive distortions than did non-pathological
gamblers. A preference for skill games was also associated with greater Illusion of Control compared to a preference for chance
games. For gamblers preferring skill games there were no differences in Luck/Perseverance or Illusion of Control between pathological
and non-pathological gamblers. 相似文献
2.
Suurvali H Hodgins DC Toneatto T Cunningham JA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):273-296
A random digit dialing telephone survey was used to interview 8,467 adults in Ontario, Canada. The NODS-CLiP was used to identify
a representative sample of 730 gamblers (54.3% male, mean age 45.3 years) with possible past year gambling problems in order
to explore factors that might affect disordered gamblers’ motivators for seeking gambling-related help. A final sample of
526 gamblers provided useable data on possible reasons for and barriers to seeking help, awareness of services, self-perception
of gambling problems and experience with help-seeking. Financial and relationship issues were the most frequently volunteered
motivators. However, over two-thirds of the respondents could not think of a reason for seeking help. Gamblers who had self-admitted
or more severe problems, who knew how to get help, who were employed and had more education, and who identified possible barriers
to seeking help were more likely to suggest motivators, especially financial ones. More research is recommended on gamblers’
trajectory towards recognition of a gambling problem, the process of overcoming specific barriers to treatment, and the role
of social advantage (e.g., education and employment), in order to devise educational campaigns that will encourage earlier
help-seeking among disordered gamblers. 相似文献
3.
Johanne Saint-Charles Pierre Mongeau Jean-François Biron 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(3):233-247
Video Lottery Terminals (VLT) are associated with pathological gambling and with most of the requests for help in combating gambling addiction. Embeddedness of a person in his or her social network is among the communicational factors that may help explain this phenomenon. To verify this, we compared ego networks of VLT gamblers, of gamblers of games with low request for help and of VLT gamblers in treatment (n = 90). The networks of regular VLT gamblers are small and dense and offer little social support. Gamblers in treatment also have small networks, but they are less dense, have more components and offer more social support. Networks of gamblers with low requests for assistance are approximately twice the size as those of VLT gamblers, are sparser and offer more companionship. In conclusion, the VLT gambler is not an isolated individual, but rather an individual ‘shut-in’ a small network of tightly knitted relationships. 相似文献
4.
Joanne Lloyd Helen Doll Keith Hawton William H. Dutton John R. Geddes Guy M. Goodwin Robert D. Rogers 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(3):387-399
In order to learn about the behaviours and health experiences of people who gamble on the Internet, we conducted an international
online survey with respondents recruited via gambling and gambling-related websites. The mean (SD) age of the 4,125 respondents
completing the survey was 35.5 (11.8) years, with 79.1% being male and 68.8% UK residents. Respondents provided demographic
details and completed validated psychometric screening instruments for problem gambling, mood disturbances, as well as alcohol
and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm. We applied latent class analysis to respondents’ patterns of regular
online gambling activities, and identified subgroups of individuals who used the Internet to gamble in different ways (L
2 = 44.27, bootstrap P = 0.07). We termed the characteristic profiles as ‘non-to-minimal gamblers’; ‘sports bettors’; ‘casino & sports gamblers’;
‘lottery players’; and ‘multi-activity gamblers’. Furthermore, these subgroups of respondents differed on other demographic
and psychological dimensions, with significant inter-cluster differences in proportion of individuals scoring above threshold
for problem gambling, mood disorders and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm (all Χ
2s > 23.4, all P-values <0.001). The ‘casino & sports’ and ‘multi-activity-gamblers’ clusters had the highest prevalence of mental disorder.
Internet gamblers appear to be heterogeneous but composed of several subgroups, differing markedly on both demographic and
clinical characteristics. 相似文献
5.
Prajkta J. Ingle Jeffrey Marotta Garnett McMillan Jennifer P. Wisdom 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):381-392
Aims This study investigates the effect of significant others on treatment outcomes among treated pathological gamblers. Design This is a cohort study of individuals who received gambling treatment. Setting Oregon Problem Gambling Services (OPGS) for gamblers and their family members. Participants 4,410 adult gamblers who were discharged from treatment between August, 2001 and April, 2007. Measurements OPGS enrollment forms provided gambler gender, age, ethnicity, education level, employment status, gambling-related debt,
and whether the gambler had a significant other at the time of enrollment. Termination forms provided information on the type
of discharge (successful/unsuccessful) and treatment length (in days). Participation of the gambler’s significant other in
the family treatment program was identified. Findings Results showed that age, ethnicity, gambling debt, and having a significant other are associated with the odds of successful
treatment. Education level moderates the effect of having a significant other on treatment success. Age, ethnicity, education,
employment, and having a significant other participate in treatment significantly impacted gamblers’ length in treatment.
Conclusions These findings indicate that there may be a benefit to integrating significant others in gambling treatment methods. Significant
others may act as social supports for gamblers seeking treatment, and involving loved ones in gambling treatment models may
positively affect gambler treatment outcomes. 相似文献
6.
Leiserson V Pihl RO 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):435-455
Given the central role of perseverative chasing in problem gambling, the present study sought to find evidence for three hypothesized
components of perseveration in problem gamblers: reward-sensitivity dominance, deficient inhibition of reward-seeking behavior,
and working memory deficits. This was the first attempt to examine working memory deficits in problem gamblers using a conditional
association task, which is associated with posterior-dorsolateral prefrontal functioning. In a sample that was not in treatment,
and representative in terms of comorbidity, problem gamblers performed significantly worse on the conditional association
working memory tasks after controlling for general memory function, compared to demographically-matched controls. This is
significant because deficits in the dorsolateral prefrontal region have been consistently associated with perseveration, which
suggests that problem gamblers’ perseverative chasing may be associated with a working memory deficit. Problem gamblers were
not significantly higher than at-risk gamblers in terms of reward-sensitivity dominance (measured as a personality trait in
terms of extraversion) suggesting that it may not be specifically associated with problem gambling. Sensation-seeking was
also not associated with problem gambling in a sample that corrected for the methodological problems of previous studies which
examined it. The need for gambling research to focus specifically on the perseverative inability to stop gambling is emphasized,
and the present findings of specific working memory deficits in problem gamblers suggest the need for further examination
of working memory as a potential risk factor for problem gambling. We propose that subsequent studies examine working memory
in terms of the self-regulatory capacity for goal maintenance where attention must specifically be allocated to resist interference. 相似文献
7.
Ariyabuddhiphongs V Phengphol V 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):295-305
Near miss, gambler’s fallacy and entrapment are hypothesized to influence gambling behavior but their individual impact on
gambling behavior and their relationships have not been investigated. This study examines the direct and mediated effects
of near miss, gambler’s fallacy and entrapment on lottery gambling among Thai lottery gamblers. Two groups of 200 lottery
gamblers participated in the study. One group used superstitious methods to search for lottery numbers to bet, whereas the
other group simply bought their tickets from lottery stalls. The superstitious group shows higher levels of near miss, gambler’s
fallacy, entrapment and lottery gambling. Three models of relationships among near miss, gambler’s fallacy, entrapment and
lottery gambling were constructed using LISREL program. The model that shows a direct effect of near miss, and one that shows
a mediated effect of near miss fit the data equally. The results confirm a gambler’s fallacy and entrapment as starting points
in the theory of cognitive psychology of lottery gambling and the generalization of near miss in gambling motivation. 相似文献
8.
9.
Michael Auer Mark D. Griffiths 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(4):879-887
Many recent studies of internet gambling—particularly those that have analysed behavioural tracking data—have used variables such ‘bet size’ and ‘number of games played’ as proxy measures for ‘gambling intensity’. In this paper it is argued that the most stable and reliable measure for ‘gambling intensity’ is the ‘theoretical loss’ (a product of total bet size and house advantage). In the long run, the theoretical loss corresponds with the Gross Gaming Revenue generated by commercial gaming operators. For shorter periods of time, theoretical loss is the most stable measure of gambling intensity as it is not distorted by gamblers’ occasional wins. Even for single bets, the theoretical loss reflects the amount a player is willing to risk. Using behavioural tracking data of 100,000 players who played online casino, lottery and/or poker games, this paper also demonstrates that bet size does not equate to or explain theoretical loss as it does not take into account the house advantage. This lack of accuracy is shown to be even more pronounced for gamblers who play a variety of games. 相似文献
10.
Nelson SE LaPlante DA Peller AJ Schumann A LaBrie RA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):463-477
The recent expansion of Internet gambling has stimulated debate, policy, and research on this relatively new phenomenon and
its potential consequences. The current study focuses on bettors experiencing problems by sampling Internet gamblers who imposed
limits on the amount they were allowed to deposit to a betting site. We analyzed the betting transactions over 18 months of
all gamblers who subscribed to an online betting site in February, 2005 (N = 47,134), 567 of whom utilized the site’s self-limit feature. Self-limiting gamblers played a wider variety of games and
placed more bets than others prior to imposing limits. After imposing limits, self-limiters reduced their activity, but did
not reduce the amount they wagered per bet. Time spent gambling, not just money spent, appears to be an important indicator
of gambling problems. Self-limit programs appear to be promising options for Internet gamblers at-risk for gambling problems.
相似文献
Sarah E. NelsonEmail: |
11.
Pantalon MV Maciejewski PK Desai RA Potenza MN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):63-78
Excitement-seeking and related constructs have been associated with heavier gambling and negative health measures in problem
and/or pathological gamblers. Most adults gamble recreationally and an understanding of the relationship between excitement-seeking
as a motivation for gambling amongst subsyndromal gamblers has significant public health implications. Logistic regression
analyses were used to examine a national sample of past-year recreational gamblers (N = 1,476) to identify characteristics distinguishing gamblers acknowledging gambling for excitement (“Excitement-seeking Gamblers”
or EGs) and gamblers denying gambling for excitement (“Non-excitement-seeking Gamblers” or NEGs). EGs were more likely than
NEGs to report alcohol use and abuse/dependence, any substance abuse/dependence, incarceration, large gambling wins and losses,
more frequent and varied gambling, and symptoms of pathological gambling (i.e., at-risk gambling). Together, these findings
indicate that EGs are more likely than NEGs to demonstrate problems in multiple areas characterized by impaired impulse control. 相似文献
12.
Geographic closeness of gambling venues is not the only aspect of accessibility likely to affect gambling frequency. Perceived
accessibility of gambling venues may include other features such as convenience (e.g., opening hours) or “atmosphere”. The
aim of the current study was to develop a multidimensional measure of gamblers’ perceptions of accessibility, and present
evidence for its reliability and validity. We surveyed 303 gamblers with 43 items developed to measure different dimensions
of accessibility. Factor analysis of the items produced a two factor solution. The first, Social Accessibility related to
the level at which gambling venues were enjoyed because they were social places, provided varying entertainment options and
had a pleasant atmosphere. The second factor, Accessible Retreat related to the degree to which venues were enjoyed because
they were geographically and temporally available and provided a familiar and anonymous retreat with few interruptions or
distractions. Both factors, developed as reliable subscales of the new Gambling Access Scale, demonstrated construct validity
through their correlations with other gambling-related measures. Social Accessibility was moderately related to gambling frequency
and amount spent, but not to problem gambling, while, as hypothesised, Accessible Retreat was associated with stronger urges
to gamble and gambling problems. 相似文献
13.
Tony Leino Torbjørn Torsheim Ståle Pallesen Alex Blaszczynski Dominic Sagoe Helge Molde 《International Gambling Studies》2016,16(3):470-480
Losses disguised as wins (LDWs) appear to reinforce gambling persistence. However, little research has examined this phenomenon with real gamblers in natural gambling settings. We aimed to examine the relationship between within-session outcome size and subsequent gambling persistence. Account-based gambling data of individuals playing LDW games over a randomly selected day (2,035,339 bets made by 8636 individuals) was examined. We used a logistic mixed effects model to examine the relationship between the outcome of the previous bet (loss, LDW and real wins) and the odds of continuing betting in a game session. The odds of continuing betting in a game session were positively associated with the outcome of the previous bet. Compared to LDWs, losses lowered the odds of continuing a game session. In contrast, real wins implied greater odds of continuing a game session compared to LDWs. It is concluded that LDWs increase the likelihood of continuing betting compared to losses, but decrease the likelihood of continuing to gamble compared to real wins. As LDWs increase the number of bets made within a gambling session, and hence within-session gambling persistence, LDWs may potentially play an etiological role in the development of gambling problems over time. 相似文献
14.
Kevin Harrigan Vance MacLaren Dan Brown Mike J. Dixon Charles Livingstone 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(2):301-317
Problem gamblers often have distorted beliefs about gambling, including illusion of control and gambler's fallacy. Most multiline slots games allow players to adjust the number of wagered paylines and the amount bet per line, and over time this control may support incorrect conclusions and promote distorted gambling beliefs. We created software to run simulations of a popular multiline slots game and examined the effects of betting on single versus multiple paylines. Simultaneous multiline betting tends to produce a less varied gambling experience because it increases the frequency of legitimate wins and ‘losses disguised as wins’, while decreasing the occurrence of ‘big wins’. It also shortens consecutive series of losing spins and it prolongs the time a typical player takes to exhaust funds. Indirect control over losing streaks may give some players the false impression that they can play skilfully and predict the occurrence of wins. However, applying five different wagering strategies in our simulations showed that none had any real effect on the average percentage of wagers that would be ‘paid back’ to players as prizes. Player control over multiline slots games may lead frequent gamblers to incorrect conclusions that sustain excessive play despite recurring losses. 相似文献
15.
Pille-Riin Kaare René Mõttus Kenn Konstabel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):377-390
Due to changes in gambling accessibility during the last decade gambling has become more widespread in Estonia and the prevalence
of pathological gambling has sharply increased. The present study attempts to identify psychological characteristics of Estonian
pathological gamblers. It has been shown that a wide range of social, economic, and individual factors (e.g. personality traits
and emotional states) predict the likelihood of becoming a pathological gambler. In the present study, pathological gamblers’
(N = 33) personality traits, self-esteem, self-reported emotional states and cognitive ability were compared to the respective
characteristics in a non-gambling control group (N = 42) matched for age, gender and educational level. It was found that compared to controls, pathological gamblers had higher
scores on Neuroticism (especially on its immoderation facet) and lower scores on Conscientiousness (especially on its dutifulness
and cautiousness facets) and on self-esteem scale. They reported more negative emotional states during the previous month
(especially depression and anxiety). Finally, pathological gamblers had lower general cognitive ability. In a logistic regression
model, the likelihood of being a pathological gambler was best predicted by high immoderation score and low cognitive ability.
相似文献
Pille-Riin KaareEmail: |
16.
Alexander Blaszczynski Sally Gainsbury Lisa Karlov 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(3):697-712
Structural characteristics of gaming machines contribute to persistence in play and excessive losses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five proposed responsible gaming features: responsible gaming messages; a bank meter quarantining winnings until termination of play; alarm clock facilitating setting time-reminders; demo mode allowing play without money; and a charity donation feature where residual amounts can be donated rather than played to zero credits. A series of ten modified gaming machines were located in five Australian gambling venues. The sample comprised 300 patrons attending the venue and who played the gaming machines. Participants completed a structured interview eliciting gambling and socio-demographic data and information on their perceptions and experience of play on the index machines. Results showed that one-quarter of participants considered that these features would contribute to preventing recreational gamblers from developing problems. Just under half of the participants rated these effects to be at least moderate or significant. The promising results suggest that further refinements to several of these features could represent a modest but effective approach to minimising excessive gambling on gaming machines. 相似文献
17.
Jakob Linnet Kristine Rømer Thomsen Arne Møller Mette Buhl Callesen 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(2):177-188
In this study we compared gambling behaviour of 15 pathological gamblers (PG) and 15 non-problem gamblers (NPG) on two conditions of a commercially available slot machine. One condition used a commercially available two-second event frequency (games per minute), while the other condition used an experimental three-second event frequency. The payback percentage (wins relative to losses) and reward frequency (wins over number of games played) varied randomly across conditions. The results showed that PG had significantly higher measures than NPG on time spent gambling, excitement level and desire to play again in the two-second condition. In the three-second condition there were no differences in excitement level and desire to play again. The number of PG playing the maximum time (60 minutes) was reduced in the three-second version, and reward frequency contributed to reduction in time spent gambling. The results may have implications for understanding behavioural mechanisms of pathological gambling among slot machine players. 相似文献
18.
Maria Heiskanen Arho Toikka 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2016,32(2):363-377
Gambling involves consumption of gamblers’ money and time. Gamblers are a heterogeneous group, and in addition to grouping gamblers based on personality factors, it is also important to find different gambler profiles with respect to their gambling behavior. Using the nationally representative survey ‘Finnish Gambling 2011’ (N = 4484), this article studies the subtypes of Finnish gamblers based on the frequency of gambling and the amounts of money and time used in different gambling forms. Cluster analysis reveals six profiles of gamblers, from infrequent gamblers to omnivorous gamblers. In the further analysis of the clusters, it was found that the highest problem gambling prevalence was in the groups of sport betting + electronic gaming machine gamblers and omnivorous gamblers, which were also both dominated by men. Certain gambling consumption patterns and risk factors for problem gambling are related to both socio-demographic backgrounds of the gamblers as well as the structural and situational characteristics of the games. The results have implications for the prevention of problem gambling, as some consumption patterns may be connected with the probability of developing gambling problems. 相似文献
19.
Jeremiah Weinstock Carrie E. Massura Nancy M. Petry 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(2):205-216
Although much recent research has focused on the gambling practices and psychosocial functioning of pathological gamblers, few investigations have examined the characteristics of professional gamblers. The current project sought to address this gap in the literature by conducting a quantitative comparison of professional and pathological gamblers. Pathological gamblers were recruited and balanced with professional gamblers on demographic variables and preferred gambling activity. A total of 22 professional gamblers and 13 pathological gamblers completed an extensive self-report battery including instruments assessing demographics, gambling behaviors and problems, other psychiatric disorders, current psychosocial functioning, recent stressful events, personality characteristics, and intelligence. Pathological and professional gamblers reported similar rates of gambling frequency and intensity and types of games played. Pathological gamblers endorsed poor psychosocial functioning, whereas professional gamblers reported a rate of psychiatric distress within a normative range. Pathological gamblers also reported lower gambling self-efficacy, greater impulsivity, and more past-year DSM-IV Axis I disorders than professional gamblers. The results of the present study shed light on the unique circumstances of professional gamblers, as well as underscore important differences between such individuals and pathological gamblers that could prove fruitful in future research and intervention and prevention efforts. 相似文献
20.
Lam D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(3):305-320
Gambling is now a popular legal activity among people around the world. Despite numerous studies on individuals’ gambling behavior, few researchers examine the influence of religiosity on gambling participation. This study investigated the effect of religiosity, measured in terms of frequency of religious participation and importance of faith, on gambling participation across four different types of games: casino, track, lottery, and bingo. Using data collected by the National Gambling Impact Study Commission in 1999, the study found that there was indeed a significant difference in the frequency of religious participation between gamblers and non-gamblers. Moreover, it seemed like the more types of games one played, the lower was their frequency of religious participation. The importance of faith, however, did not seem to have a significant impact on gambling participation. The implications of these findings to businesses and public policy makers were discussed. 相似文献