社会工作专业毕业生的就业困境及应对策略——以广西某高校为例

广西社会工作的发展落后于东部沿海地区,社会工作专业毕业生的就业状况也呈现出与东部沿海地区不同的一些特征,对广西高校社会工作专业毕业生的就业状况进行研究,有利于解析学生就业的主要障碍以及社会工作教育存在的问题。本文在分析社会工作专业毕业生就业前景、就业意向和期望的基础上,从学生、学校和政府层面提出了改善社会工作专业毕业生就业现状的策略。     

社会工作专业本科毕业生的就业去向及原因探析——以保定市X大学社会工作专业为例

在我国,社会工作专业虽发展迅速,但仍面临许多问题,尤其是社工需求量大与就业率低、专业不对口、流失率高等矛盾突出。本文基于保定市X大学2009～2012届社会工作专业本科毕业生就业去向的调查数据研究发现,近四年来,社会工作专业本科毕业生的整体就业状况较好,但是就业不对口现象严重;攻读研究生的比例虽不断提高,但继续选择社会工作专业的寥寥无几;女生从事对口专业的比例较高。社会环境、制度安排、培养机制、毕业生个人因素是影响社工本科毕业生就业的主要因素。本文在此基础上,提出改善社会工作专业就业状况的政策建议。     

高校毕业生就业质量影响因素及其影响路径探析 ——基于1518名毕业生就业现状调查

应用自编问卷针对毕业生群体实施大样本调查,对高校毕业生就业质量现状、毕业生就业质量影响因素及其影响路径进行分析,结果表明:毕业生的就业质量评分与其对疫情影响的认知观念以及职业自我概念评价情况存在显著相关;从影响路径来看,高校就业心理辅导与支持对毕业生就业态度与价值观因子产生影响,进而影响到毕业生职业自我概念发展;高校公...     

社会工作专业毕业生择业意愿调查研究—以武汉高校为例

本文通过对湖北省武汉市设有社会工作专业中的三所高等院校的社会工作专业学生的调查,了懈他们就业时的择业意愿,包括其在就业前景、就业去向、薪酬待遇等方面意愿,并对其影响因素进行分析,为改善目前社会工作专业毕业生的就业状况提供数据服务。     

新就业环境下农业高职院校畜牧兽医专业毕业生毕业选择跟踪情况及分析

当前就业环境的改变,对普通高等学校毕业生影响较大,尤其是农业高职院校毕业生,其就业空间和发展潜力受制约程度将随着经济发展逐步加深.畜牧兽医专业就业虽然在当前环境下呈现较好的发展态势,但其岗位总量与实际需求仍不匹配.该文通过持续跟踪江苏农牧科技职业学院2019届某畜牧兽医毕业班全体学生就业及升学情况,以小见大,分析目前高职院校专业毕业生方向选择,就大学专科毕业生升学和就业中存在的问题提出提升就业质量的建议,仅供同仁参考.     

社会工作专业毕业生择业意愿调查研究——以武汉高校为例

本文通过对湖北省武汉市设有社会工作专业中的三所高等院校的社会工作专业学生的调查,了解他们就业时的择业意愿,包括其在就业前景、就业去向、薪酬待遇等方面意愿,并对其影响因素进行分析,为改善目前社会工作专业毕业生的就业状况提供数据服务。     

地方农业院校工科专业毕业生就业现状调查及对策研究

当前,农业院校中的工科专业毕业生比例逐年增加,但是,由于学科建设以及社会认知等多方面的问题,其在求职就业过程中面临诸多问题及挑战,针对以上情况,该文依据农科院校工科专业毕业生就业现状调查结果,探讨了其在就业中存在的问题,提出了农业高校工科专业就业教育管理模式改进的思考,以期为解决相应问题提供思路.     

论高校毕业生就业监测预警的必要性

高校毕业生就业预警是客观认识目前我国高校毕业生严峻就业形势的重要前提。解决专业结构性失业问题是解决大学生就业难的有效途径之一,从国家、地区、高校三个层面建立大学生就业的专业预警机制,对各专业的失业率和失业量进行监测,并参照社会失业预警线和国外高校毕业生就业率,探讨建立中国高校毕业生就业监测预警的必要性。     

文科类毕业生就业状况调查研究——苏州科技学院外国语学院、人文学院个案分析

为了进一步加大对毕业生就业指导的力度,强化服务,寻找就业工作突破口,现对我院外国语学院和人文学院2009届毕业生进行了全面的就业状况问卷调查,并深入探究了英语、汉语言文学等专业毕业生面临的就业思想状况、就业意向、能力水平、就业指导方面等问题。为我校就业改革提供了可靠的依据,进一步推进了我校毕业生就业工作。     

高职毕业生薪酬期望与相关因素的关系研究

薪酬期望是影响高职毕业生就业去向重要因素。通过抽样问卷调查对高职毕业生的薪酬期望及相关因素分析,表明高职生对薪酬期望有显著的差异;其次高职男生和女生对薪酬期望存在明显差异,以及父母受教育程度对男女生对薪酬期望的影响关系分析。并在此基础上提出高职学校就业指导的建议。     

Race differentials in employment effects of psychological distress: A study of non-Hispanic Whites and African-Americans in the United States

This study used two sub-samples of African-Americans and non-Hispanic Whites from the 2002–2003 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine differential effects of psychological distress (PD) on employment. Failing to reject exogeneity of PD in the employment specifications, we estimated standard probit of employment. We found that PD significantly reduced employment probability regardless of race; but the reduction was 7.4% for African-Americans, compared to 5.3% for Whites. Using individuals with PD only, we estimated the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and found endowments explained 61% of employment differences between Whites with PDs and African-Americans with PDs while 39% of these differences were due to unexplained factors. These findings suggest that targeted policies for prevention and effective treatment of PD might yield higher employment benefits for minorities.     

大学生自身条件对就业影响的回归分析

影响大学生就业的因素很多,本文以已经毕业的大学生个人情况和就业情况为研究数据,对影响大学生就业的七个自身条件进行回归分析,并做出优先排序.研究发现虽然有不少就业歧视存在,但大学生自身的努力是最终的决定因素.     

充分就业:和谐社会的重要标志

我国人口基数大,新增劳动力、国企下岗分流人员增加和农村劳动力转移的现象并存,呈现出劳动力供求总量矛盾与结构性矛盾交织、就业压力长期存在的局面。同时,存在多种影响充分就业的客观因素,使得就业的数量与就业质量受到严峻的挑战。因此,实行"经济发展与充分就业并重、效率与公平均衡"的方针,大力发展生产力,推进技术创新,鼓励非公经济、第三产业和中小企业的发展,保护劳动者的合法权益,为构建和谐社会奠定坚实基础。     

Depressive Symptoms and Economic Outcomes of Low-Income Women: A Review of the Social Causation, Social Selection, and Interactionist Hypotheses

We review research that connects depression and depressive symptoms to employment and economic factors for low-income women. Women who have low incomes and are unemployed or underemployed are vulnerable to mental health distress. The strain of balancing work and family life can be exacerbated by poor psychological health or nonsufficient economic resources. Research on the barriers that impede self-sufficiency can lead to policies that improve the economic and psychological health of low-income populations.
The discussion is framed by contrasting evidence for three theoretical perspectives: the social causation, social selection, and interactionist (bidirectional) hypotheses. The only causal relation reported is an effect of increased income on reduced depressive symptoms. Yet strong associations are found among psychological distress, earnings, employment stability, income, and job characteristics. The effects of programs to increase employment and the benefits of (and barriers to) depression treatment are also discussed. A bidirectional or interactionist perspective best conceptualizes the relationship between depression and economic factors. The reported negative effects of both poor mental well-being and low-quality employment suggest the need for stronger policies in the areas of mental health and work supports. We present policy recommendations addressing mental health treatment and outreach, employment placement, and workplace flexibility.     

Employment status transitions among young adults,with and without disability

Employment is a crucial avenue through which young people with disability can experience material wellbeing and social participation. While the low employment rates of young people with disability are well established, little is known about the stability of employment status – that is, the degree to which individuals remain in or move in and out of employment. This article uses longitudinal data from a large Australian national data set to investigate the transitions between full‐time, part‐time and non‐employment for young people with and without disability. Considerable mobility was found between employment states for both young people with and without disability, with young people with disability more likely than their peers without disability to transition to reduced levels of employment and less likely to transition to increased levels of employment. Social background and contextual factors predicted employment for young people with disability; however, disability represented an additional penalty even after taking these factors into account. Findings suggest a need for social policy targeted specifically towards the barriers to maintaining and increasing employment experienced by young people with disability.     

Immigrant employment through the Great Recession: Individual characteristics and metropolitan contexts

Immigrants continue to settle in metropolitan areas across the United States and bring significant changes to various urban labor markets. Using American Community Survey (ACS) data for 2007 and 2011, we trace the employment outcomes of immigrants compared to native-born workers before and after the recent Great Recession across the 100 largest metropolitan areas and examine individual-level and metropolitan-level factors that shape their employment outcomes. We find that low-skilled workers in general and immigrants without English proficiency and those who are new entrants or earliest arrivals are harder hit in the recession. Latino immigrants and black workers fare worse in areas with high immigrant concentration. Latino immigrants experience employment gains, however, in the South, large urban economies, as well as new immigrant gateways. Asian immigrants see declines in employment likelihood in areas with a large construction sector, while areas with a large trade sector hurt native-born white workers.     

Impacts of off‐farm employment on welfare,food security and poverty: Evidence from rural Vietnam

How off‐farm employment can enhance welfare in terms of food consumption and poverty alleviation is a critical question facing many developing countries. This study addressed that question by pursuing two objectives: (i) to quantify the impact of off‐farm employment on rural households’ welfare, food security and poverty; and (ii) to examine the factors that affect their decision to work off‐farm. Using panel data, we estimated a difference‐in‐difference combined with a propensity score matching model. The findings show that off‐farm employment improves income, ensures food security and contributes to poverty alleviation. The results also show that age, marital status, education, labour, financial capital, land, location, market access and losses from natural disasters are significant contributing factors to the decision to participate in off‐farm employment. The findings suggest that to improve the welfare of rural households, the Vietnamese government should proceed with policies that enhance their opportunities for participation in off‐farm employment.     

家庭与市场：中国农村的非农就业模式探究

本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2005数据探讨了中国农村家庭的非农就业模式。随着农户家庭在集体农业的解体后成为重要的生产主体,部分农民从家庭农业中疏离而成为工薪阶层或者进入增长中的私营经济部门。本文的第一个模型采用logistic回归在个人层面估测已婚男性和女性在农业或者非农经济部门中就业的机会,第二个模型则探究在夫妇层面选择四种就业模式的可能性：夫妇双方,夫妇中的一方（丈夫或妻子）,或者没有任何一方从事非农职业。两个模型支持了教育水平对非农就业机会的正面作用。妇女的就业方式对于祖父母的支持效应和子女的付出效应更为敏感,但祖父母所起的作用受到本身年龄的制约。同时,男性的就业优势对家庭在职业上的性别分工并没有显著的推动作用。模型结果也表明,家庭就业模式的形成是和市场层面的因素,如村庄的地理位置,经济发展特征和劳动力状况紧密联系在一起的。另外,东部和中部地区在提供非农就业机会方面,相对于西部地区具备了一定的优势条件。     

Factors Affecting Choice and Satisfaction: Social Work in Turkey

ABSTRACT

The study examines the relationship between professional choices and employment expectations of social worker trainees in the country of Turkey. Professional choices are examined according to gender and the relationship between employment expectations and satisfaction. This study examined responses with a comparative relational scanning model with a sample of 692 social service (social worker) trainees studying at four different universities in Turkey. Students were surveyed and answered 25 open- and closed-ended questions identifying aspects related to their career choice. Study findings reveal that gender, university entrance scores, and employability were high among the career selection factors. Additional factors identified included family-related factors, personality traits, and compatibility. Examination of the findings is discussed, and recommendations for further research are made.     

Supporting Disadvantaged Young People into Work: Insights from the Capability Approach

The Capability Approach (CA) offers a perspective on the employment activation of young people that is concerned with their freedom to make choices that they value rather than focusing solely on outcomes, such as having to take any job. It incorporates empowerment and the individual and external conversion factors that influence the conversion of resources into functionings for young people, such as getting a job that they value. This article considers the implications of using the CA as a lens for analyzing youth activation polices. A more capability informed approach to employment activation would not measure success solely by the transition into work, but rather by whether it has improved the young person's capabilities, and might focus, for example, on more sustainable and valued careers and develop individuals' freedom of choice in the labour market. Using data from two UK case studies of third sector organizations that support young people into work, it explores these issues empirically, including the extent to which these employment activation programmes, in their current form, can enhance the capabilities of beneficiaries. Conclusions on the implications of a CA for employment activation are made.