1991-2014年藏文古籍文献研究文献综述——以中文核心期刊载文为例

文章以CNKI中的“中国期刊全文数据库”为检索源,以1991-2014年全国中文核心期刊发“藏文古籍文献”为主题的载文信息为检索内容,通过检测得知1991-2014年以“藏文古籍文献”为主题的研究成果共有45篇文章。这些研究成果具有以下特点：一是内容丰富全面,涉及面广;二是研究视角的多元化;三是研究领域的多种化;四是研究形式多样化。笔者根据研究内容所涉及藏文的古籍文献保护与抢救研究、古籍文献的开发与利用研究、古籍收藏与古籍研究、古籍目录学研究、古籍文献数字化信息服务研究、藏学文献馆藏建设研究和其他与藏文古籍文献相关的研究等多视角对“藏文古籍文献”的研究成果进行了介绍,以期在展示精华的同时,力图为“藏文古籍文献”研究的深入研究提供可借鉴性的综合史料。     

北京地区的藏文碑刻文献

北京地区的藏文碑刻不仅有其特殊的文献载体研究价值,而且对研究历史上藏族与内地的文化交流问题具有重要意义,对于探讨藏族文化发展传播以及文献学研究也具有重要意义.文章对北京地区现存藏文碑刻作了整理编目并分别加以介绍,有助于我们了解北京地区的藏文碑刻文献以及藏族文化对北京地区的影响.     

敦煌藏文佛教文献价值探析

作为现存最早的藏文佛教文献写本,敦煌藏文佛教文献反映了藏文佛教文献的早期形态,与后期收入藏文<大藏经>中的规范本进行比较,可探究藏文佛教文献的渊源流变.敦煌藏文佛教文献蕴含着诸多历史信息,为我们研究吐蕃佛教史提供了丰富资料.另外,敦煌藏文佛教文献在民族关系史、语言文字研究方面,同样有着不可替代的学术价值.     

试论藏文典籍文化

藏族典籍文化既是一种物质文化也是精神文化,它是以书籍的外在形式来表现藏族的自然科学、技术科学、社会意识形态的一种历史现象。藏文典籍雏形出现于松赞干布时期,后随藏族社会的发展而呈现出自身的特点。与此同时,藏文典籍的刻写、印刷、装帧及其对藏文典籍的管理都与独特的藏族文化有着密切的关系。     

藏文文献中“■”(苯)与“■”(辛)二词考辨

苯教研究是现代藏学研究的热点之一,古藏文文献中出现的"■"(苯)一词成为苯教学者论证苯教渊源及其早期历史的基本证据之一。但是古藏文中"苯"与苯教典籍中"苯"的含义却相去甚远,与现代藏语中的"苯"也不是一回事。与之相类似,"■"(辛)也是藏文典籍中一个非常引人注目的词汇,且与"苯"关系密切。作为西藏早期历史研究之一,笔者梳理和对比敦煌藏文文献与苯教典籍中的"■"和"■"的不同含义,通过其词汇意义的历史变迁,结合苯教典籍、教义教理和僧伽组织及寺院的形成时间,结果证明:吐蕃时期的"苯"还只是西藏本土的巫术仪式之一,并非苯教;作为一种系统化的宗教,苯教应是在吐蕃王朝结束之后才正式形成。苯教虽然以西藏本地的原始信仰为基础,且名称也源于古代,但是苯教的"苯"不等于古藏文文献中的"苯"。     

青史的嬗递——有关藏文吐蕃史史料的两个传统

历史文献的梳理与分析是史学研究的基础。藏族历史叙述模式一直带着强烈的“著书环境”，使得历史文献的考证与分析成为藏族历史研究的重要组成部分。探讨吐蕃历史研究，就不得不提到吐蕃历史研究这一概念以及记述吐蕃历史的各类文献。针对吐蕃历史的研究，相关史料众多，这些史料因属性的差异、内容的不同和形成背景的区别，呈现出完全不同的结果。总结和分析每一阶段呈现出的藏文史书典籍对吐蕃历史叙述的不同态度，可以探究西藏社会发展过程中史书所表现出的文化意义等较为深层的问题。     

藏地古乐“宣”的历史称谓和语义演进考

国家级非物质文化遗产"宣舞"是集说、唱、跳为一体的藏族古老表演传统,至今在阿里高原活态传存。学界多围绕当代传承考察其艺术表征,未有专文探讨历史称谓和词源构成,更鲜有溯本求源分析其语义演进。因文献考据稀缺,不同时间节点的史料被拼贴混同,使得其源流图景模糊,公众出现各种苯、佛文化认同等表述抵牾。文章结合法藏敦煌文书P.T.1285、藏文《大藏经》、藏文史料《五部遗教》《娘若教法源流》和《邬坚巴传》等多种文献分析,基于藏文称谓■的文学发生和词义演进,尝试解读其多元层累的历史面相,由此洞晓该藏地古乐的文化内涵。     

敦煌汉文吐蕃史料综述——兼论吐蕃控制河西时期的职官与统治政策

敦煌文书中有关吐蕃的文献,对于吐蕃王朝历史文化的研究具有特别的意义。以书写文字划分,古藏文文献及汉文文献是其中最主要的两个部分。 敦煌文书中的古藏文文献约数千件,其主要部分被斯坦因、伯希和盗运国外后,分别庋藏于英国伦敦印度事务部图书馆(后改归大英博物馆图书馆)和法国巴黎图书馆。英国收藏部分由比利时藏学家布桑编纂成《印度事务部图书馆藏敦煌藏文写本目录》 (1962年出版),法国收藏部分由法国女藏学家拉露编成《巴黎国家图书馆藏敦煌藏文写本目录》(一、二、三集分别于1939、1950、1961年出版)。以上两份目录题录的古     

藏文文献的历史性发展及其启示

藏文文献,源远流长。从创制藏文揭开文献历史的序幕之后,到现在已经有了1300多年。在这漫长的历史时期内,藏族社会涌现了不少知名的著作家和翻译家。他们适应各历史时期社会文化发展的需要,充分发挥自己的聪明才智,运用藏文,翻译创作、著书立说,积累了极其丰富的文化典籍,给后世留下了宝贵的精神财富,在中华民族的文化史上写下了光辉的一页。历史上藏文文献发展的成绩是光辉灿烂的。但是,就相同的一段时间而言,值得称     

符号学视野下体育与少数民族的国家认同构建

体育与少数民族国家认同问题是一个重要的研究课题,学界目前主要就体育现象本身进行对比或论证少数民族国家认同,而缺乏符号学这一简约方法的深层次解读。国家认同是各种象征符号的集合。体育是一种天然的符号,具有丰富的文化象征含义。因而从符号学视野探究体育与少数民族国家认同具有重要的理论与现实意义。少数民族的国家认同核心是政治认同与文化认同,体育的物源符号化、自然寓意、伴随文本意义、元语言解读、共同记忆塑造功能,有力促进现代国家少数民族国家认同。认清体育符号的标出性历史反转趋势,采取适当宽幅的文化选择,加强体育元语言的解读,充分利用体育符号媒介作用,增强少数民族文化自觉与自信、强化中华“多元一体”认识,厘清国家政治边界,从而有力促进少数民族国家认同的构建。     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.     

企业创新:动力、要素、途径

企业在国家创新体系中处于核心地位,是自主创新的主体。企业持续创新的动力,包括企业利益、企业家精神、创新激励、企业创新能力等内源动力和市场需求牵引力、市场竞争推动力、科学技术驱动力、政府政策支持力等外源动力。观念创新是一切创新活动的先导,体制创新是企业创新的基础,管理创新是企业创新的支撑,技术创新是企业创新的关键。提升我国企业自主创新能力必须确立自主创新战略,完善创新法律体系,增加对创新的政府投入、税收优惠和金融支持,建立产学研相结合的体系和联动机制,实施知识产权战略,加强企业创新人才队伍建设。     

排、排瑶、瑶排、八排瑶等称谓之辨析

粤北连南排瑶的几个称谓:排、排瑶、瑶排、八排瑶等,在解说和使用上存在一定的分歧.本文通过梳理和辨析,认为"排"由动词"排年"、"编排"演变为名词"村庄"、"村寨",后来又指基层行政组织;"瑶排"、"排瑶"、"八排"、"八排瑶"语义明确,理解一致;"瑶排"、"排瑶"最早的出处是李来章的<风土记>,"八排"曩早出现于明末朱若适文;"八排瑶"最早出现于清·屈大均的<广东新语>,它与"排瑶"相通、与"八排"不同,但它们在使用上有交错代替的现象.