构建对弱势群体社会关怀体系的探索

当前的弱势群体主要包括城镇新生贫困群体、残疾人群体、城市农民工、老年人群体和高校贫困生。由于社会转型、体制转轨的加速 ,社会保障不健全 ,弱势群体的范围和数量不断扩大 ,他们与其他群体之间的差距加大 ,其社会心理动荡强烈 ,社会离心倾向日益严重。因此 ,只有社会、政府、民众三方面共同出力 ,构建对弱势群体的以物质生活关怀、精神文化关怀和人文关怀为内容的社会关怀体系 ,才能促进全体社会成员共同发展     

区域社会转型与城市居民的社会资本研究

本文使用CGSS2006调查数据,分析了城市社会转型对居民社会资本获取和动员过程的具体影响。研究发现,在社会资本获得过程中,城市社会转型不会影响居民社会资本的地位效应却影响了居民社会资本网络位置效应,“超大城市”居民在社会网络资本的“网络位置效应”因子均值上显著地低于“小城市”居民;随着城市规模的增大,市场化程度对教育的社会资本地位效应获取率的负向影响有越来越小。在社会资本动员过程中,市场化程度与社会资本地位效应因子的经济回报率正相关,而与社会资本网络位置效应的经济回报率不相关。     

融入新阶层还是适应新生活——对农村流动人口社会融合的新探索

北京农村流动人口精英阶层的社会网络、社会流动及社会融合的交互影响关系中,我们选取微观层面的个人日常生活轨迹和交往圈层分析社会融合问题.研究发现,社会流动会在很大程度上重构流动者的关系网络,提升其网络质量,但是这种提升是有限度的.他们的社会融合更多的是与同类群体的同化过程,其经济成功并没有促使他们融入城市群体.虽然不被当地人接纳,但数量庞大的同类群体的存在,为他们适应城市生活提供了强有力的支持.     

日本早期的城市化及其社会影响

城市化研究是现代化研究中的一个重要内容。城市化 ,从广义上说是指传统的、落后的乡村社会向现代的、先进的城市社会转变的历史过程 :从狭义上说 ,它是指在工业化过程中 ,城市人口迅速集中、城市数量不断增加、城市功能更加适应工业化、城市在国家经济和社会生活中的作用逐步强化的历史过程。1本文将 1 9世纪末到 2 0世纪 2 0年代作为日本早期城市化的阶段。 1 9世纪末到 2 0世纪初是日本城市化发展的一个重要阶段。城市化的发展 ,对日本社会各个方面都产生了重大的影响。一　　在前工业社会 ,农业始终在社会经济中占据统治地位 ,城市“不…     

毛泽东社会建设思想探析

新中国成立后,毛泽东对社会建设进行了积极的探索,他的社会建设思想主要表现为:对社会主义社会建设理想和目标的追求与设计;在生产力还不发达的情况下尽力满足人民生活的需求;致力于建构平等的社会关系。这些思想是宝贵的精神财富,但由于时代条件的限制,这些思想也存在缺憾和不足。     

社会地位、生活境遇与焦虑

本文运用定量研究方法,探讨了人们的社会地位和遭受不公正对待的生活境遇在焦虑形成中的作用。研究表明,社会地位（包括客观地位和主观地位）和生活境遇对焦虑的产生具有明显的影响,社会地位低的群体和生活境遇中遭受过不公正对待的人,更易产生焦虑。这些由社会地位和生活境遇等因素导致的焦虑对于个体的影响是偏向消极的;在社会因素的持续作用下,具有焦虑特征的个体增多,焦虑有可能从个体的心理问题转化为社会的心理问题。     

社会正义与政府责任

在现实生活中,人们总要求政府承担起社会正义的责任,但却不知道怎样才是对政府责任的证成;而在现实的政治生活中,批评政府作为不当或不作为的事情并不少见。本文在论述政府对社会正义责任的证成的基础上,提出了社会正义的维度,以及社会正义实现的决策方法。尤其给出了社会公正度的函数和数学模型,这一量化标准,对于推动社会公正的决策提供了可行的途径,有助于社会公平正义的实现。     

基于甘肃省Y村个案的随迁老人城市社区适应困境研究

随着中国经济社会快速发展,城市化进程日益加快,人口流动、迁移的浪潮越发活跃,跨省市迁移的老年人口逐渐引起社会的广泛关注。随迁老人长期生活在农村,习惯农村的生活方式、村落文化,从熟人社会进入到完全陌生的生活场域,城乡间生活、文化巨大的差异,使之产生了诸多不适应问题,例如语言沟通的障碍、价值观念的冲突、社会交往的困境等。以甘肃省Y村的8位随迁老人为调查对象,通过深入访谈,利用类属分析方法,划分出生理适应、心理适应、文化适应和角色适应4个方面的研究内容,基于相关指标进行详细描述,分析阻碍老人融入城市生活的根源,依据萨姆纳"内群体、外群体"理论,探讨影响随迁老人城市适应的原因,希望能够引起随迁老人子女和社会民众的关注,给予随迁老人更多的支持和帮助,增进随迁老人对城市生活的认同感和归属感,提升晚年生活的快乐度和幸福度。     

社会性别视野中的城市贫困家庭分工制度

伴随着社会的转型,家庭中的成员照顾、家务劳动分工等都发生了不同程度的变化,但这并没有能够改变人们思维中有关家庭分工制度的性别规范,也没有动摇性别符号的象征秩序.城市贫困家庭分工制度中性别关系的模式是社会文化结构的一种象征性表达,性别不平等并未随城市社会的变迁而发生本质的改变.     

增权视角下的进城老人社会适应问题探析

随着我国城市化进程的加快,从农村进入城市生活的老人也在逐渐增加。陌生的生活环境增加了进城老人的适应压力,使他们感受到更多的无权状态。而通过个人层面、人际关系层面、社会层面的增权,可以改变进城老人的无权状态,增强他们的自我效能感,提高他们的生活满意度。     

Talking about citizenship in New Zealand

Abstract

This paper fleshes out the rather sparse empirical literature on citizenship with data collected from seven focus groups involving a wide range of New Zealanders. Results indicate that the term “citizenship” is relatively unimportant to identity and belonging compared to “family” and “community”. Yet there is considerable agreement about the key elements of citizenship and what makes a “good citizen”. Knowledge about citizenship, however, is not evenly distributed or experienced in the same way by different groups of New Zealanders, with Maori participants offering notably more negative perspectives on citizenship, and benefit recipients most likely to feel like “second‐class citizens”. Against predictions, the findings further suggest that neo‐liberal reforms have not eliminated a belief in community spirit and collective solutions to social problems. Although New Zealanders do believe that individuals should be responsible for themselves, they also expect government to ensure the social and economic conditions that make this possible.     

社会工作在促进新市民群体融入城市中的角色定位

新市民群体是城市中一类特殊人群,他们由于自身知识技能的不足和城市人的社会排斥而难以融入城市社会,因而有强烈的自卑感。以助人自助为理念的社会工作对新市民群体的介入对他们提高自身技能和认知,消除市民和新市民之间的隔阂,以更好的融人城市生活十分有益。本文以天津市妇联城乡部新市民社区学习中心的社工服务为例,阐述嵌入式社会工作在促进新市民群体融入城市过程中的角色定位,以期探索行之有效的社工介入模式。     

The Inequality Effect of Urbanization and Social Integration

On the basis of the China Social Survey (CSS2011) and related urban statistics, this article conducts an analysis of the “unequal” effects of urbanization and of problems in rural migrants’ social integration with urban residents in the course of their urbanization. We found that although the increased rate of population urbanization did not produce a significant difference between “rural migrants” and “city people” in terms of income, migrants fare considerably worse than city people with regard to social security, cultural life, psychological acceptance and status identification. This kind of inequality transforms the original urban/rural dual structure into a new dichotomy that divides urban dwellers into the migrant population and residents with urban household registration, thereby impeding social integration. This finding will help us understand the causes of the social barriers in current urbanization and may provide theoretical and empirical reference material for “new-type urbanization,” particularly as it relates to the transformation of the rural migrant population into urban citizens.     

Work Satisfaction in Probation and Social Work

Correspondence to Professor Martin Davies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ. Summary The design and preliminary development of a research instrumentintended to provide comparable measures of work satisfactionwithin different social work settings is described. The resultsof administering it to two separate samples of social workersand probation officers are presented. It appears that probation officers feel themselves more highlyregarded by members of the general public and are less likelyto say they are badly paid; they enjoy more job autonomy; rathermore social workers tend to feel alienated at work, but mostbelieve that they have better chances of career advancementthan is the case in the probation service. There are broad similarities between the two work settings sofar as work with clients and attitudes towards colleagues areconcerned; it is argued that the emergence of these similaritiesis methodologically reassuring because it suggests the stabilityof the data overall, and therefore increases the likelihoodthat the findings regarding agency differences are a valid reflectionof social reality in each setting.     

社会流动与政治信任：基于CGSS2006数据的实证研究

本文通过中国综合社会调查（CGSS2006）数据,详细分析了中国的社会流动对民众政治信任的影响。研究表明,中国30年的改革开放和经济发展为民众提供了大量向上流动的机会,并给他们带来改善生活的希望。人们所经历的向上代际流动和代内流动,以及对向上流动的感知与预期都显著增强了他们的政治信任。结果显示,社会经济发展为人们带来的向上流动的经历与期望有助于维护社会政治稳定。     

Social Policy Diffusion from the Perspective of Intergovernmental Relations: An Empirical Study of the Urban Subsistence Allowance System in China (1993-1999)

Universal access to China’s social welfare system involves a process of diffusion from localities to the whole country on the basis of social policy innovations in which intergovernmental relations play a key role as a facilitator. The rapid establishment of the urban subsistence allowance system in more than 200 cities throughout the country in seven years (1993-1999) serves as a case for our empirical analysis of the diffusion mechanism of social policy innovations at different levels of government. Our findings show, firstly, that in adopting a new social policy, city governments have to respond to the social desire of local citizens while keeping fiscal constraints in mind; at the same time, they are affected by administrative orders from higher-level governments and the vertical fiscal relations between governments at different levels, and are also subject to competitive pressures from other cities at the same level. Secondly, city governments’ policy innovations offer an opportunity for higher levels of government to learn from their experience. Thirdly, central government orders exert both a direct and indirect influence upon city governments, with provincial orders acting as intermediaries. And lastly, there is a clear difference in the time lag effect of orders from the central government and those at provincial level upon city governments’ policy adoption.     

“You Never Get Used to Loneliness” – Older Adults’ Experiences of Loneliness When Applying for Going on a Senior Summer Camp

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was explore why the informants were feeling lonely and considered themselves to be in need of attending a senior summer camp, and how the informants were experiencing loneliness before they went to the senior summer camp. Interviews was made with nineteen older adult people (15 women and 4 men). A phenomenological inspired approach was used for the analysis of the interviews. Eight themes resulted: Hard to make new friends, Other circumstances making it hard to be social, Feel very lonely even if they lead rich social lives, Loss of loved ones, Do not want to do things alone, Friends make a difference, Do not feel lonely but need a change and Loneliness occurs at certain times. Through this analysis, we have gain insights to better understand loneliness as a multifaceted phenomenon that is associated with both personal circumstances and social situations. Many of the informants experienced being very lonely, even if they lead rich social lives. The experience of loneliness was connected to not having anyone they can turn to in confidence or to share experiences with and the need to belong to something or the need of a change in everyday life.     

农村进城务工女性的社会支持研究——以北京地区家政服务员社会网络构建为例

在改革开放的大潮中,农村进城务工的女性越来越多,但城乡"二元结构"带给她们的种种现实问题仍然难以解决。因此,她们需要依靠自身力量和乡土关系重新构建城市社会网络,以获得必要的社会支持。本文在关注家政服务员乡土社会网络与城市社会网络的同时,着重对其社会网络特征进行解析。     

Social workers' perceptions of children's right to participation

Recent years have witnessed a growing worldwide recognition for the need to incorporate children's right to participate into the child welfare system. Yet studies show that most children in the welfare system do not feel that they are listened to or that their opinions are taken into account. This paper presents findings from a study conducted among 151 Israeli social workers, examining their perceptions on children's participation. The study explored to what extent they implement this principle in their everyday practice and whether there is a relationship between their perceptions and their actions. The findings revealed that social workers tend to endorse a protective position with regard to children's participation and that they only partially implement children's right to participation in their daily practice.     

Dual Relationships: Personal and Professional Boundaries in Rural Social Work

Social workers in rural areas often live and work in the communitiesthat they serve. Consequently, they may have, or later develop,dual relationships with service users. These ‘out of hours’connections raise some complex issues about how social workersconduct their practice and comport themselves socially withinthe wider community. This paper reviews the notion of dual relationshipsand assesses the schema proposed for assessing their ethicalprobity. Its conclusion is that the practical realities of ruralpractice challenge absolutist conceptions of confidentialityand undermine assumptions of objectivity and neutrality in professionalstance.