试论21世纪中东应对经济全球化的战略及其对策

任何发展中国家或地区都不能对追赶式的发展道路抱以过高的期望,中东国家也是如此,它们必须正视自己与西方发达国家之间存在的客观差距。此外,各国具体的发展道路应根据自己特殊的发展条件和经济全球化的大环境而定。就整个中东地区而言,其发展战略可概括为:应采取综合的发展战略,力促进出口;应采取城市适度化发展的政策,实现工业的均衡分布;应发展信息与技术,加大知识经济的比重,促进经济向新经济的转移;此外,国家应对本国经济发展进行适度干预。     

边疆民族地区如何贯彻实施西部大开发战略--对新疆维吾尔自治区的调查与思考

党中央确定的实施西部大开发的伟大战略部署,使西部边疆民族地区广大人民迎来了振兴民族经济、加快发展步伐的大好时机.但是如何才能通过实施西部大开发战略,走出一条符合民族地区实际的成功的发展道路,达到加快发展的目标,仍然是一个摆在西部地区各族人民面前的大课题.     

崇明世界级生态岛建设调研报告

崇明世界级生态岛建设要以21世纪中叶为规划节点,适度超前谋划,探索跨越工业经济时代的发展模式,避免大规模造城和大面积建设产业园区,着力体现世界级标准和水平,走出一条体现国际视野、国家战略、上海使命和崇明特色的发展道路.要围绕世界级生态岛的功能定位,坚持“生态+”发展战略,兼顾居民就业需求,加快构建以生态、高端、智慧、低碳为特征的“2+3+3”绿色产业体系,提升崇明发展动力和活力.     

奥巴马政府中东战略调整探析

奥巴马在两届任期内,根据形势的变化和现实的需要,对中东地区分别采取战略收缩和适度卷入干涉的外交政策。本文就从这两方面出发,进行了粗浅的分析,并得出结论:无论地区战略政策如何改变,都离不开维护国家核心利益这一出发点。     

发挥自身优势彰显天津在“一带一路”中的桥头堡作用

天津作为“一带一路”的重要结合点、亚欧大陆桥东部起点、中蒙俄经济走廊主要节点和海上合作战略支点,应把握重大机遇,充分发挥在“一带一路”国家战略中的东部桥头堡作用,发挥五大机遇优势,使“一带一路”战略和其他四大战略融合发展;发挥区位优势,加强与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的全面合作;发挥港口优势,建设“一带一路”物流大通道;发挥制造研发优势,推动企业走出去和转型升级;发挥金融创新优势,为“一带一路”沿线国家和地区提供金融服务;发挥海洋经济优势,深化与“一带一路”沿线国家的海洋产业合作。     

全球能源变局下海湾产油国的战略选择

当前,能源问题与气候变化问题高度融合,全球能源系统正在发生结构性转变.与此同时,新冠肺炎疫情冲击世界经济,加剧了能源转型的不确定性和石油市场供需失衡的影响,世界能源前景面临巨变.高度依赖石油财政的海湾国家亟需寻求适应性战略,以应对经济难局.财政紧缩政策和产油国联合减产等纾困措施虽然能够在一定程度上缓解财政压力,但要实现经济自主和可持续发展,还需要加快重塑地区国家经济结构.长期来看,经济多元化仍应是海湾产油国应对全球能源变局的战略方向,而重视发挥石油产业在转型期间的战略作用,将碳循环经济作为多元化转型跨越发展的基石,依然是海湾产油国实现经济良性发展的重大战略机遇.     

城市社区管理研究综述

社区与我们的生活细细相关,伴随着经济、政治、文化的不断发展而发生着变革,不同的国家,同一国家不同时期不同地区采取的管理模式管理体制不同,文中通过前人的资料与观点对城市社区管理进行综述,并提出自己的看法.     

西部地区高等教育办学经费多元化投入的理性思考

深入分析了西部高校在投入方面存在的问题,认为政府应加大对西部地区高等教育经费的投入,高校也应该转变理念,采取积极措施,走特色办学的道路,多渠道筹集教育经费,以促进西部地区高等教育的健康发展。     

应对全球气候变化防御极端气候灾害

气候变化影响人类的生存和发展,深度触及农业和粮食安全、水资源安全、能源安全、生态安全、公共卫生安全,应对气候变化和防灾减灾已成为各国经济社会发展战略的重要组成部分.气候变化具有全球化特征和历史性根源,减缓气候变化必须从政治、经济、社会、科技等各个方面做出努力.我们应立足于我国经济社会发展全局,采取科学有效的措施,积极做好应对气候变化的战略准备.……     

浅析阿盟的功能演变及其发展前景

冷战时期,中东政治格局的演变和阿拉伯世界所处的特殊地缘环境决定了阿盟把政治安全作为最主要的功能目标,具体表现在集体防御机制和集体安全战略的构建与实践方面.冷战结束后,随着地区形势的变化及地区主义的新发展,追求共同利益成为阿盟的核心理念,阿盟竭力发挥其协调平台的作用以提升自己的影响力,积极深化和推进经济层面的一体化进程,表现出多元、务实的功能特点.但阿盟的发展又受到多种因素的制约,发展模式、成员国的"共同责任"性、内部的区域性组织以及美国的中东战略利益等都将给阿盟的发展带来严峻挑战.     

Ethics, regulation and the new artificial intelligence, part II: autonomy and liability

This is the second article in a two-part series on the social, ethical and public policy implications of the new artificial intelligence (AI). The first article briefly presented a neo-Durkheimian understanding of the social fears projected onto AI, before arguing that the common and enduring myth of an AI takeover arising from the autonomous decision-making capability of AI systems, most recently resurrected by Professor Kevin Warwick, is misplaced. That article went on to argue that, nevertheless, some genuine and practical issues in the accountability of AI systems that must be addressed. This second article, drawing further on the neo-Durkheimian theory, sets out a more detailed understanding of what it is for a system to be autonomous enough in its decision making to blur the boundary between tool and agent. The importance of this is that this blurring of categories is often the basis, the first article argued, of social fears.     

Making Feminist Sense out of ‘Charlie Wilson's War’

Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Mike Nichols's film about the womanizing Congressman who engineered black funds for the CIA's proxy war in Soviet-occupied Afghanistan, is historically misleading but highly instructive, because in packaging dominant American masculine identity and war politics as popular entertainment for post-9/11 audiences, it reveals the sexed and gendered ‘politics of the visual’ in global affairs. This intertextual study of ‘Charlie Wilson's war’ as movie, constructed history and legacy examines Wilson as a prime exhibit of a needy masculinity that, like the film's emasculated CIA, bulks itself up through surrogate military selves. It also analyses modes of the imaginary and specularity in brother-bonding with the mujahidin, tracks the proxy system's loops of masculine identity-and-war-making between Stateside and South Asia in the post-Vietnam 1980s and interrogates the dynamics of imperial ‘un-seeing’ in this campaign and its long aftermath. While US proxy wars proliferate worldwide, the lack of useable political memory about the ground truths of ‘Charlie's war’ continues to matter because America's second ‘good’ war in Afghanistan, bound to the first by gendered causal links, has re-empowered the forces that still menace women's rights and lives.     

Politique et expertise scientifique. La régulation européenne des médicaments

A study of the EU system for regulating medicinal products is used to show the usefulness of distinguishing between policy-making and scientific expertise when analyzing political decision-making. This approach presupposes identifying the characteristics of scientific expertise. The experts responsible for assessing drugs have to combine knowledge and action. Questions are raised about how work is shared between decision-makers and experts. In the case of medicinal products, the work of experts has absorbed decision-making. Lest we waver between explanations in terms either of science or else of politics, it is necessary to substantively identify expertise’s political dimensions. Two conceptions — the “healthy man’s” and the “sick man’s” — of the purpose of assessing medicinal products stand out in debates; but political authorities pay no heed to them.     

The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman

The issue of legitimation by political elites has been a central concern of political scientists for many years. This article draws upon the work of Murray Edelman who was instrumental in analysing this relationship between rulers and ruled, the relatively powerful and relatively powerless, through an understanding of language, symbolism and the manipulation of information. It concludes with the contention that the Internet offers the prospect for governments to create new 'electronic faces', which act to support a symbolic architecture of power.     

WHAT IS THE MULTITUDE?

Nicholas Brown and Imre Szeman continue their conversation with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. (See ‘The Global Coliseum: On Empire’ in Cultural Studies, 16.2, (March 2002), p. 177–192). In this new interview they press the authors of Empire and Multitude on questions that have arisen both out of their own involvement with the theoretical issues generated by Empire and from new areas opened up by Multitude. Why is the multitude not a class? How can the unity of a political project be maintained in the multiplicity of the multitude? Is democracy still a project for the future? Can a political subject constitute itself outside the structure of sovereignty? In other words, what is the multitude?     

DEFINING MOMENTS: THE TENSION BETWEEN RICHNESS AND REACH

The defining moments of traditional spatially based higher education are made up of fixed and fluid experiences. These 'moments' are now creaking as funding per student falls and the romanticized ideal of an education detached from 'real' life falters under the weight of highly variable student experiences. Distance learning in all its guises has always been regarded as inferior by those embedded in the traditional system. However more and more students demand something different from costly campus-based education. It is time for a more open discussion about the tensions between richness and reach and the role that new facilities like the Internet could play in reaching more students without wallowing in the nostalgia that often accompanies such debates.     

A Stylistic Analysis of Hemingway’s A Clean,Well-Lighted Place

One important theme of Hemingway＇s A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is the nothingness of life itself, At the beginning of this short story, Hemingway presents a setting--the cafe, which is familiar to us, and then moves our attention to focus on the characters within that setting, The story is told through the dialogues between the two waiters and is in third-person narration, In the following paragraphs we will focus on stylistic characteristics of this short story,     

INFORMATION-CENTRED DESIGN: A methodology for designing virtual meeting DESIGN environments

Development of single-user computer applications has often been based on user-centred or task-centred design methodologies, with some success. These methodologies are also useful for guiding the development of multi-user CSCW applications whenever the basic characteristics of the users, or the type of tasks for which the system is being designed are identifiable. The effectiveness of these methodologies as a basis for the design of virtual meeting environments for supporting community-based activities, on the other hand, is rather limited. This is mainly due to the fact that for such systems it is not generally possible to identify the user or task requirements, as these vary considerably from one community to another, or even within the same community over a period of time. New methodologies need to be devised, or existing methodologies have to be modified, to direct the development of virtual environments for which the characteristics of the users or their activities are not known in advance. This paper introduces the concept of information-centred design. Information-centred design, though not fully devised yet, focuses on the identification of the type of information, as well as the way it is collected and utilized by the users of a virtual meeting environment. This pool of information, which plays an important role in facilitating interaction and communication between the members of a community, could be defined as their communal memory.     

Le SAT et l’accès aux études supérieures : le recrutement des élites américaines en question

James Conant developed the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) in the 1930s in line with thought about the mobility of elites, a subject that many American as well as European intellectuals were discussing. This test, now used for the admission of high school graduates to universities, was to be a means for detecting talented youngsters and, in fine, producing a model of society. Nowadays, the SAT has a value as a means of effectively comparing students nationwide; but in practice, it serves to reproduce a certain social elite. Far from measuring pure intelligence disconnected from culture, it has turned into a commodity advantageous to certain social groups and ethnic communities.     

Destins professionnels des femmes ingénieures. Des retournements inattendus

In the late 1970s, a major change in techniques and a modification of the job structure opened the way for women to become engineers in the computer sciences. At the time, working conditions and policies for managing careers allowed them to benefit from ascending mobility, while still investing in family life. Given its strong growth, information technology soon became the main branch of the French economy with openings for women engineers. The downturn in employment during the 1990s and its management through “psychology-based” training arrangements restored the sexual division of labor, as women were forced out of “noble” positions in engineering and design or even out of the branch itself. These two recent trends — a feminization and then “defeminization” of reputedly “masculine” jobs — are analyzed.