From Generation to Generation: Intergenerational Relations in the Kibbutz

The first kibbutzim were established at the beginning of the twenetieth century. This short history allows us to trace the outline of generations. The second generation followed the practices of the founders, but without their ideological dedication. The third generation did not accept the kibbutz lifestyle, and many left. Those who stayed implemented changes, which ensured the continuity of the community, but at the cost of abandoning some original kibbutz values. Since the turn of the century, the youngest generation has been returning, but now to a different kibbutz, one based on principles that meet their needs while ensuring the sustainability of the community.     

The Sandwich Generation

This article reviews the literature on the sandwich generation and includes related theories and research. Psychological perspectives on the developmental issues associated with middle adulthood in general, and the sandwich generation in particular, are examined. Clinical vignettes highlight the magnitude of elder care in the United States and the impact on caregivers.     

The Second Generation in Europe

The study of integration processes has now reached a crucial stage in most Western European countries with the emergence of the second generation. The oldest children born to postwar immigrants on European soil have recently entered the job market, and we can now investigate their performance in both education and employment. This opens a unique opportunity to compare the situations of second generation migrants across countries. Ostensibly the children all have the same starting position, being born in the country of settlement. The intriguing question is how differences between immigrant groups, and also differences in national contexts, work to the benefit or detriment of the second generation. We discuss the first issue briefly, confining ourselves here to Turkish and Moroccan immigrants. In addressing the issue of national contexts, we focus primarily on policies and practices rather than on broad‐reaching national integration models. We examine in detail the integration process itself in the context of vital institutional arrangements such as the education system and the mechanisms for transition to the labor market. How do such arrangements differ between countries, and how do they affect the outcomes for the second generation?     

The Second Generation in Belgium

A growing proportion of second‐generation Moroccan and Turkish youngsters in Belgium are moving on to higher secondary education and beyond. This trend is greater among Moroccan youngsters than among their Turkish peers. Turkish girls in particular are still married off at a young age, which inevitably affects their educational opportunities. Despite higher participation rates for youngsters from immigrant backgrounds, the educational gap with Belgian pupils and students remains wide. This is largely attributable to differences in socioeconomic background. It appears that the concentration of second‐generation immigrant pupils in certain schools is also a major explanatory factor. Despite their increased participation in education, second‐generation immigrants are still not well represented in the labor market and they are, moreover, employed mostly in less favorable segments of that market. An interesting development among second‐generation immigrants is the polarization that is taking place in relation to the significance of Islam. A growing number of second‐generation youngsters are opting for a more secular way of life, while an increasingly large group is choosing Islamist ideologies or at least a more conscious form of Islam. For young people of the second generation, who often have little to hold on to socially, Islamism can provide a transparent, supportive, and all‐embracing frame of reference.     

台湾青年世代身份认同困境研究

台湾特殊的历史际遇、政治体制的本土化流变以及解严后的"去中国化"教育形塑了台湾青年世代的"台湾人"情感和"台湾意识",这种强调台湾并区隔大陆的身份认同不仅影响了台湾的政局走向和社会变迁,也成为两岸和平统一进程中的绊脚石,"太阳花学运"以及时代力量的崛起都警示我们,应该在不断完善自身、把握两岸关系主动权的基础上,更加重视两岸的青年交流问题,并不断探索两岸的文教交流与合作,力求建构台湾青年的正确身份认同,进而减少两岸和平统一的阻碍。     

从多维视角透视“代沟”的影响

本文以社会学、文化学、心理学等多学科为背景,从社会、家庭、个体三个层面,即宏观、中观、微观多维视角对"代沟"可能存在的影响作一探讨.认为"代沟"对社会诸层面的影响具有积极和消极双重效应,而何种性质的影响占主导及其影响程度则取决于社会变迁的速度、强度和广度,以及人们的"代沟"意识等因素.总体而言,现代社会中的"代沟"是一种具有进步意义的社会现象.     

Gibt es die Generation Golf?

Florian Illies in his essay “Generation Golf” developed the thesis that traditional values are experiencing a revival among the generation born between 1965 and 1975. This thesis is read in the context of sociological theories of value change and empirically examined on the basis of time-series data. It can be shown, that “Generation Golf” as a clearly distinguished birth cohort with a specific value profile does indeed exist. Starting with “Generation Golf”, a process of averting from postmaterial values can be observed.     

Preservation Education for the Next Generation

Students participate in historic preservation projects that fall along a continuum of student participation. Adults and students need to work to push more projects to be student led rather than students working for adults. A variety of example projects are presented and show how they fall on the continuum. In addition, an example of projects that resulted in being demolished is provided to show what happens when students and adults do not work effectively together.     

Differences in Understanding Generation in the Workforce

From an analysis of two age diverse samples in which we explored the ways “generation” is understood in the workforce, we make several contributions to generational research. First, we propose new conceptualizations on generations in the workforce. They are: contribution (a generation is defined based on the impact its members make on society or organizations) and generation as an ambiguous or irrelevant concept (generational categories are meaningless or inconsequential). Second, we note that individuals draw on a combination of multiple understandings of generations, making each person’s understanding unique and nuanced. Third, though most of our study participants leveraged age in their definition of generation, they did so in different ways. Fourth, we discuss outcomes of different understandings of generation, including conflict and identity work.     

Social Security and the Baby Boom Generation

No abstract available for this article.     

Exploring e-Mental Health Preferences of Generation Y

E-Mental Health services could substantially increase the capacity of the mental health care system. This article explores youth consumer preferences for online interventions targeting depression and anxiety. Twenty-three participants who had experienced suicidal ideation and either depression or anxiety and completed one qualitative interview were included. Interviews were topically guided to cover themes of e-Mental Health service preferences around online help-seeking behavior, appearance, content, privacy, and support. We found that youth positively received the idea of, and appreciated the need for, e-Mental Health services. Noted preferences for services were those that are simple to use, interactive, and include support through an online community.     

Generation and discourse in working life stories

Following Mannheim's ( 1970 ) Problem of Generations, many scholars have warned of the analytical and political risks of conflating generation with cohort. Yet the temptation persists, as relying on cohort is a convenient method of dividing a population to study it. This article proposes that cohort is only convenient if the objective is understanding generations as definitive groups of people. It suggests a supplementary objective: understanding generation as a matter of discourse. Qualitative data from interviews with 52 Canadians illustrates how the discursive forms of generation in their stories render difference, human agency and social change in atomistic or voluntaristic terms. The most extreme manifestations of this theme appear related to the perception of generational conflict. Guided by James' principle of pragmatism, this article maintains that understanding generation as a discursive, historically contingent ‘thought’ with ‘effects’ is as important as understanding its structural form and contents.     

角色转换与农业换班:从新生代农民工到新生代农民

现有土地流转、农民退休、农民职业化和土地规模经营的研究共识是我国农业要实现现代化和发展现代农业,但又忽视了现代农业谁来接班的问题。调查发现,我国的农业换班正悄然到来,打工时从事管理岗和技术岗的新生代农民工正在农业接班和改造传统农业。与上一代农民不同,他们在乡村正从事现代农业生产,更注重打造农产品品牌、拓宽营销渠道和农产品深加工。要实现新生代农民工的接班或农业的换班,还需要各项政策、制度之间的协调与配套,要与土地流转制度、土地规模经营、农民退休制度结合起来。     

Systematic Generation of Theory in Family Sociology*

This paper describes a procedure for facilitating the generation of theory useful to family sociologists. This procedure is based upon a linguistic model, and it utilizes the metaphor of literary genre as a guide. A distinction is made between the construction and the generation of sociological theory. The suggestion is made that the generation perspective may enhance the ability of theorists to find subtle interconnections among phenomena and thereby to extend fields of sociological knowledge along novel paths. The procedure itself depends first upon the construction of a binary lexicon. One such lexicon consists of one matrix of concepts describing social structure from the perspective of stabilization of social relations and a complementary matrix describing structure from the perspective of destabilization. From these matrices, one concept is chosen as a metonym or as a metaphor to act as a basis for deriving connections among the other concepts in the matrices. The manipulation of concepts from both matrices permits the development of propositions suggesting ironies and contradictions in social relations. Examples of the use of this procedure are presented, and some unresolved problems are described.