不完全竞争环境下不对称企业技术创新战略投资

研究了在不完全竞争环境下,投资成本差异和创新成功所需时间对企业的技术创新战略投资决策的影响,给出了抢先均衡、序贯均衡、同时均衡出现的条件,指出创新成功所需时间和投资成本差异是影响均衡类型的主要原因.在抢先均衡和序贯均衡中,分析了投资成本差异和创新成功所需时间对企业平均投资时间间隔的影响,得到了一些有意义的结论,并给出了经济解释.     

不对称双寡头企业技术创新投资决策研究

许多研究技术创新投资决策的期权博弈文献忽视了企业之间的投资成本和经营成本的不对称性,本文研究成本不对称双寡头企业技术创新投资决策问题。首先,导出企业投资收益函数和投资临界值。接着对存在的三种均衡,即抢占均衡、序列均衡和同时投资均衡进行了分析讨论,结果表明,成本不对称程度较小和先动优势不大情况下,企业将同时投资;当先动优势较大的情况下,低成本企业将先投资成为领先者;当企业成本不对称程度很大时,企业将序列执行投资期权。最后,结合案例进行数值计算,验证了理论分析结果。     

建设时间和投资成本不对称的双寡头期权博弈模型

运用不对称双寡头期权博弈模型,在投资成本不对称的基础上引入建设时间不对称,采用逆向归纳法导出建设时间和投资成本同时不对称的双寡头企业投资期权博弈模型;对存在的抢先均衡、序贯均衡和同时投资均衡进行分析讨论,投资均衡分析表明,建设时间和投资成本都会对企业投资策略产生影响,对于每个企业而言能否成为领先者以及何时投资要视建设时间和投资成本的相对优劣势等具体情况确定,但努力建立建设时间和投资成本的相对优势会给企业带来更多投资先机;进一步分析建设时间和投资成本对投资策略的影响显示,与建设时间相比,投资成本对企业的投资临界值影响更大,因此企业应花费更多精力通过降低投资成本获得竞争优势.     

考虑产品溯源的供应商市场进入策略研究

针对由供应商和零售商组成的两级供应链,研究供应商在提升产品溯源水平时的市场进入策略,通过比较供应商不进入市场及以序贯、同时两种数量决策顺序进入市场时的均衡结果,分析供应商进入市场的条件以及对零售商的影响。研究表明：供应商进入市场的策略受直销成本和溯源成本的影响,随着溯源成本增大,供应商进入市场的可能性降低;序贯数量决策下供应商进入市场的可能性及双方收益均大于同时数量决策下的;供应商进入市场不一定总对零售商不利,在序贯数量决策下,当直销成本处于中等水平时,供应商进入市场可以减弱双重边际效应进而提高零售商的收益。     

内生时机下多阶段R&D博弈的均衡行动顺序

基于内生时机的博弈理论,研究了内生的R&D时机下双寡头企业先进行R&D活动后进行产品市场价格竞争的多阶段动态博弈的均衡R&D顺序,其中产品市场上的需求函数是线性的且企业在产品市场上的行动是同时进行的。运用逆向归纳法研究表明均衡R&D顺序只由企业的R&D外溢水平决定：若两企业的外溢水平都较低（较高）,则均衡R&D顺序为两企业同时行动（分别以两企业为领头者的序贯行动）;若一个企业的外溢水平较低而另一企业的外溢水平较高,则均衡R&D顺序为以低外溢水平的企业为领头者的序贯行动。在序贯R&D时两企业的R&D总水平、社会总福利水平及产品市场产量（价格）都高于（低于）同时R&D时的情形。     

双头垄断条件下生产成本不对称对商业化投资时机的影响分析

在双头垄断条件下,按两企业生产成本不对称的不同程度,对双方投资时机选择的影响进行了分析。在两企业的商业化投资成本相等时,生产成本的不对称程度对于双方的投资时机选择有很大的影响。在生产成本不对称程度较低时,高成本企业有抢先投资的动机,但低成本企业更易获得抢先竞争的胜利;而在生产成本不对称程度较高时,高成本企业的成本劣势成为企业抢先投资的巨大障碍。     

双重内生选择下双寡头博弈的均衡研究

研究了在行动时机(先动还是后动)和策略变量类型(价格还是产量)都由参与人内生确定的双重内生选择下双寡头博弈的均衡,表明无论参与人在内生时机之前还是内生时机之后选择策略变量的类型,博弈的均衡结果是相同的,都为三种可能行动顺序的产量竞争,即同时行动和分别以两参与人为领头者的序贯行动的产量竞争。     

有限理性下序贯价格竞争的动态演化

本文建立了两个企业的序贯价格竞争模型，基于有限理性预期调整，研究了企业博弈的动态演化特征，分析了模型的均衡解及其稳定性条件。研究发现，边界解和纳什均衡解是一定参数条件下的局部稳定均衡。基于有限理性的动态博弈能够实现基于完全信息的纳什均衡。单纯跟随策略是一定条件下的均衡策略，并能使跟随企业获得更高的销售价格。企业之间报价的相互跟随程度和企业预期的调整速度将会影响均衡点的稳定性。本文对模型进行了数值模拟分析，当参数不满足稳定性条件时会出现分岔、奇异吸引子等混沌现象。本文的主要研究结果对相关行业的企业竞争和稳定市场有启发意义。     

动态寡头市场博弈条件下企业创新能力的产品创新及工艺创新选择

应用双寡头动态博弈的均衡方法,研究企业创新能力对企业进行产品创新和工艺创新的影响;引入产品创新成本系数的概念,建立企业的创新能力、竞争激烈程度以及企业的产品质量和技术创新种类的关系,推导出企业创新模式的判据式。结果显示,企业产品创新能力越强,在Bertrand竞争和Cournot竞争中都选择产品创新的可能性越大。当企业产品创新能力下降到一定的程度,高质量企业在Cournot竞争中首选工艺创新;低质量企业在Bertrand竞争中首选工艺创新。     

存在生产外部性的任务分配问题分析

企业的任务分配决策直接决定企业的最终收益,而生产外部性是影响企业最佳任务分配方式选择的关键因素.考虑任务分配的两种生产外部性,即专业化分工的效率优势和任务多样化的互补优势,运用委托代理理论,研究两种生产外部性同时存在时企业最佳任务分配方式的选择问题.模型给出了不同情况下的均衡结果,根据均衡结果做进一步分析表明,当专业化分工比任务多样化具有相同或更大的生产优势时,最佳的任务分配方式是专业化分工;而当任务多样化具有相对大的生产优势时,最佳的任务分配方式是不确定的,企业的最佳选择由生产外部性、任务的观测误差以及相似任务之间观测误差的差距同时决定.     

网络外部性下不对称企业技术创新投资决策研究

许多研究技术创新投资决策期权博弈的文献大都假定企业是同质的和企业创新产品之间具有负的外部性,本文研究正网络外部性条件下成本不对称企业技术创新投资决策问题.首先,导出企业投资收益函数和投资临界值,接着对存在的2种均衡,即序列均衡和同时投资均衡进行分析讨论,结果表明,均衡的结果依赖于成本不对称程度和网络外部性的共同作用.最后,结合案例进行数值计算,验证了理论分析结果.     

A real options model of market entry: Endogenous uncertainty and exogenous uncertainty

We develop a real options model of market entry that focuses on the dueling growth and deferral options by differentiating between endogenous uncertainty and exogenous uncertainty. While exogenous uncertainty influences the growth option market value or price, it is endogenous uncertainty that influences the value of the growth option through the ability to create a competitive advantage from preemptive market entry. First, the firm can decrease the exercise price of the growth option (i.e., the cost of the follow-on investment) through experiential learning that reduces endogenous uncertainty. Second, the firm can increase the relative discounted cash flows of the follow-on investment due to its ability to influence market demand that reduces endogenous uncertainty. On the other hand, the value of the deferral option increases with exogenous uncertainty as firms cannot influence exogenous uncertainty, and therefore, should invest elsewhere while waiting for the exogenous uncertainty to subside. As such, we provide a solution to the conundrum that the value of both the growth option and the deferral option increase with uncertainty. Finally, we demonstrate how the model addresses sequential market entry; irreversibility and market entry mode; competition; scarce strategic resources; host country development level; and industry life cycle stage.     

Performance effects of IT capability, service process innovation, and the mediating role of customer service

Few academic studies have investigated how information technology (IT) capability and service process innovation can create performance gains for firms through customer service. We propose that customer service is a significant mediator through which IT capability and service process innovation influence the performance of a firm, and that IT capability is also a critical factor that facilitates service process innovation. Empirical support for our argument was derived from data collected from 174 firms in the Taiwan IT industry. The results suggest that managerial initiatives should be directed at developing IT capability and service process innovation and leveraging them to facilitate customer service to attain superior firm performance. Furthermore, greater IT capability would lead to a higher degree of service process innovation.     

整合能力与企业绩效：商业模式创新的中介作用

经济全球化的背景下,企业为了构建竞争优势,获取更好的绩效,开始利用整合能力和商业模式创新应对多变的外部环境。然而,当前研究对于两者之间存在何种联系的认识是模糊的。针对理论研究的缺陷,基于动态能力的理论视角,通过分析商业模式创新对整合能力与企业绩效的中介作用,揭示企业整合能力和商业模式创新促进企业绩效提高的内在机制,采用中国6省1市319个企业样本数据,运用线性回归的统计方法对理论假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,整合能力和商业模式创新都对企业绩效具有正向的促进作用,同时整合能力与企业绩效之间存在着一定的中间机制。整合能力通过提高组织变革和价值创造效率两个方面促进商业模式创新,而商业模式创新作为中间纽带将整合能力与企业绩效联系起来。企业的整合能力越高,越有利于开展商业模式创新,进而促进企业绩效的提高。研究揭示了整合能力和商业模式创新共同促进企业绩效提高的内在理论机制,打开了能力与绩效间关系的“黑箱”,对于中国企业开展商业模式创新具有重要的实践指导意义。     

Strategic Decisions of New Technology Adoption under Asymmetric Information: A Game‐Theoretic Model*

In this paper we explore strategic decision making in new technology adoption by using economic analysis. We show how asymmetric information affects firms' decisions to adopt the technology. We do so in a two‐stage game‐theoretic model where the first‐stage investment results in the acquisition of a new technology that, in the second stage, may give the firm a competitive advantage in the product market. We compare two information structures under which two competing firms have asymmetric information about the future performance (i.e., postadoption costs) of the new technology. We find that equilibrium strategies under asymmetric information are quite different from those under symmetric information. Information asymmetry leads to different incentives and strategic behaviors in the technology adoption game. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our model shows that market uncertainty may actually induce firms to act more aggressively under certain conditions. We also show that having better information is not always a good thing. These results illustrate a key departure from established decision theory.     

The influence of patent protection on firm innovation investment in manufacturing industries

Countries enact various mechanisms, such as patent protection, to encourage, protect, and reward firm innovation. The degree to which these mechanisms afford firms protection over their intellectual property influences the innovation strategy that firms pursue and innovation investments they make. To date, empirical evidence on the relationship between patent protections and firm innovation is lacking, despite the relationship being the subject of intense theoretical and policy debate. To further consider the influences on firm innovation, we test the influence of a country's patent rights and changes in them on firm-level investment in innovation. Data for 706 firms competing in ten manufacturing industries across 29 countries were gathered and analyzed. Even after controlling for various firm, industry, and national factors, there is a strong positive influence of patent rights and changes in patent rights on a firm's propensity to invest in innovation. In addition, we consider the sensitivity of this result to alternative measures of patent and other intellectual property protection. We also find that the influence of patent rights on firm-level innovation varies across industries for example, the impact appears greatest in the scientific instruments and industrial chemicals industries.     

创新网络嵌入视角下企业研发竞争的博弈研究

研发投入是创新发展的基础和源泉,如何促进企业研发投入是实施创新驱动战略的关键。本文基于创新网络嵌入的背景,构建同一创新网络内两个企业间的博弈模型,针对不同网络位置企业竞争博弈和相同网络位置企业竞争博弈两种情形,探究在研发竞争状态下企业研发投入受网络地位、网络关系的影响情况。研究结果表明:创新网络嵌入下,同质企业的竞争性研发投入与网络范围的技术溢出、网络平均吸收能力以及网络中心度均存在正向相关关系。研究结论丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究成果,也为有效激励企业创新提供一个有价值的思路。     

Organizational emotional capability,product and process innovation,and firm performance: An empirical analysis

The concept of emotional capability is one of the competencies that a firm has which is vital for the daily life of the organization. However, the effect of emotional capability, involving the dynamics of encouragement, displaying freedom, playfulness, experiencing, reconciliation, and identification constructs on the firm innovativeness (i.e., product and process) is interestingly missing in the technology and innovation management (TIM) literature. In this study, by investigating 163 Turkish firms, the dynamics of encouragement and experiencing were found to have a positive association with both firm product and process innovativeness; and the dynamics of displaying freedom have a positive relationship with firm process innovativeness. We also demonstrate that the impact of emotional capability constructs on firm innovativeness is contingent upon environmental uncertainty. Specifically, we find that the influence of the dynamics of encouragement on firm product innovation increases with increased rate of environmental uncertainty. Interestingly, the relationship between the dynamics of experiencing and product innovation across low, medium, and high levels of environmental uncertainty is an ∩-shaped. And, the relationship between the dynamics of displaying freedom and product innovation across low, medium, and high levels of environmental uncertainty is a U-shaped. In addition, we show that a firm's emotional capability influences its financial and market performance via firm innovativeness. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of the study's findings.