54例急性心肌梗死患者误诊的临床分析及防治

目的 探讨不典型心肌梗死的症状及防治措施,提高诊断准确率.方法 对临床工作中不典型急性心肌梗死病例进行回顾性分析.结果 急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者表现为无痛型8例、咽喉牙痛型6例、胃肠型18例、脑症状型6例、心衰休克型9例、颈肩背痛型3例、心脏骤停型4例.18例行急诊PTCA,10例行静脉溶栓,21例错过急诊手术及溶栓时机择期行CAG,5例患者抢救无效死亡.心电图ST段抬高型AMI 34例（63％）,非ST段拾高型AMI 20例（37％）.心电图示心肌梗死广泛前壁11例,前壁10例,前间壁9例,下壁＋正后壁2例,下壁10例,下壁＋正后壁＋前壁2例,下壁＋前壁3例,后壁3例,右室4例.无痛型AMI见于老年患者.结论 不典型急性心肌梗死极易误诊,应引起各级医师的重视,要尽早进行动态的心电图及心肌酶学检查,以便及时有效治疗.     

1例冠状动脉痉挛致急性心肌梗死的临床研究

随着心导管技术的不断发展与广泛应用，对急性心肌梗死中冠脉造影（CAG）正常的病例报道越来越多。目前约10％-15％的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者CAG完全正常，35岁以下患者CAG正常的比例更高，而女性在绝经期前发生AMI的患者多为冠脉痉挛、冠脉畸形或心肌桥所致。本文就1例典型冠脉痉挛致急性心肌梗死病例，并结合近年来相关文献来讨论冠脉痉挛致AMI的发病机制及治疗。     

腔隙性脑梗死TCD检查的意义

腔隙性脑梗死是最常见的缺血性脑卒中，在缺血性脑卒中占20％-78％，其主要的发病机制是深穿支动脉的闭塞。随着CT、MRI等影像技术的普遍应用，腔隙性脑梗死的诊断日趋增多，且发病年龄也出现年轻化。临床上经CT、MRI检查可确定梗死的范围和部位，但不能对脑血流动力进行测定。TCD检测灵敏度高，能发现脑血管功能异常。利用TCD观察腔隙性脑梗死的脑血流动力学的改变，     

老年乳腺癌术后临床特征回顾性分析

目的探讨老年乳腺癌的临床特征及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析99例老年女性乳腺癌患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果激素受体检测：ER阳性PR阳性为58例占58．6％;ER阳性PR阴性为23例占23．2％;ER阴性PR阴性为10例占10．1％;受体不明8例占8．1％。随访期间共有17例发生复发或转移,至随访截止时,12例死亡,复发后至死亡中位时间11月（4～21）月。结论老年乳腺癌患者肿瘤标本激素受体检测表明,ER、PR阳性比例在老年女性并未随年龄增大而升高,本组老年乳腺癌3年及5年生存率为81．8％和43．4％。10年、15年生存情况有待长期随访资料的结果。     

老年心肌梗死的二级预防

心肌梗死是老年人心血管致死的首要病因.老年心肌梗死后的死亡率在第一年最高,随年龄增高而出现的充血性心力衰竭和再梗死发生率也在增加.因此,有必要对老年心肌梗死患者运用所有的干预措施以改善危险因素、减轻冠心病的自然病程.预防再梗死、心力衰竭或猝死是心肌梗死二级预防的主要内容.     

我国城镇居民消费观念的性别差异研究

利用2010年"中国综合社会调查"数据,本文研究了我国城镇居民消费观念的性别差异及其存在原因。结果发现:总体而言,男性比女性更强调炫耀性或符号性消费;年龄、教育以及职业地位等因素对消费观念的影响存在显著的性别差异;与女性相比,男性的消费观念受以上因素的影响更大。     

1例非典型首发症状心肌梗死并文献分析

目的：通过了解心肌梗死患者非典型首发症状及临床特征,提高对心肌梗死病首发症状多样性的认识。方法结合1例非典型首发症状心肌梗死患者的临床资料及文献复习,详细深入分析该病非典型首发症状临床表现、原因及临床对策。结果心肌梗死非典型首发症状较多,主要表现为上腹部不适、腹痛、牙痛、咽痛、憋喘、呼吸困难、晕厥、心律失常等。结论心肌梗死非典型首发症状差异性较大,易误诊,临床上应予重视。对于中老年患者有以上不典型表现者应及时做心电图等检查明确。心电图不典型者应反复检查,并结合心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白测定确诊,防止误诊延误病情。     

北京市人口平均初婚年龄的研究

依据１９９５ 年全国１ ％ 人口抽样调查资料,对本世纪以来北京市人口平均初婚年龄的变化及９０ 年代前半期人口迁移流动对平均初婚年龄的影响分析表明,迁入女性、流入男性在京初婚人口对北京平均初婚年龄有微弱降低作用,但由于北京市出生从未流迁人口所占权数很大,所以对该市初婚年龄变化起决定性作用     

肛瘘诊治之我见

肛腺感染引起肛瘘临床最为多见,在人群中发病率在12/10 000～28/10 000,男女比例约为2:1,发病年龄集中在20～50岁.肛腺感染型肛瘘基本存在有原发自肛腺的内口、瘘道,继发外口.其中括约肌间瘘、经括约肌瘘、括约肌上瘘分别占到总体的40％～70％、20％～40％及5％ ～ 15％.肛瘘很难自愈,适当的引流可以稳定病情.     

老年人急性心肌梗死的临床特点研究

目的研究老年人急性心肌梗死的临床特点。方法对86例60岁以上老年人急性心肌梗死进行临床分析,并与同期小于60岁的255例急性心肌梗死进行对比。结果60岁以上老年女性AMI患者与60岁以下的相比较明显增多,无痛性心肌梗死明显增多（30.5%）,血流动力学受损的体征和并发症、泵衰竭引起的室上性心律失常和房室传导阻滞明显增多,死亡率比60岁以下年龄组明显增多,60岁以上老年组脑供血不足为起始症状的明显增多,且既使无脑血管并发症,烦躁、谵语、定向力障碍、打人骂人等精神症状明显增多,合并脑血管病的明显增多。以急性左心衰竭为超症状的60岁以上老年组明显增多,而梗死范围、死亡原因两组之间无明显差异。结论60岁以上老年无痛性急性心肌梗死多见,病情严重程度高,并发症发生率高,而性别对急性心肌梗死的发生和预后无明显影响。     

128例老年急性心肌梗死临床诊疗特点分析

目的分析60岁以上老年人急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）的临床诊疗特点。方法采用回顾性分析方法,将年龄≥60岁的128例老年急性心肌梗死患者按性别分为男性组和女性组,按年龄分为60～69岁组、70～79岁组以及80岁及以上组,并对各组冠心病危险因素、心肌梗死的特点及治疗手段进行分析。结果老年AMI患者中,合并高血压病最多（85例,66.41%）,其次为有吸烟史（60例,46.88%）和合并糖尿病（33例,25.00%）。男性组吸烟人数显著多于女性组（P〈0.05）。女性组空腹血糖水平（fasting blood glucose,FBG）显著高于男性组（P〈0.05）。60～69岁组中有吸烟史者显著多于80岁及以上组（P〈0.05）;且60～69岁组患者的BMI显著大于80岁及以上组（P〈0.05）。ST段抬高型心肌梗死（90.63%）显著多于非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（9.37%）（P〈0.05）。2支及以上冠状动脉病变显著高于单支病变（P〈0.05）。男性组与女性组之间治疗手段无显著差异。60～69岁组中经介入治疗的患者显著多于80岁及以上组（P〈0.05）。结论高血压、吸烟及糖尿病是老年AMI最主要危险因素,应戒烟并合理控制血压、血糖水平,应提高PCI和溶栓在老年AMI患者中的治疗率,改善预后。     

老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的超声诊断价值

目的探讨超声对老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的诊断价值。方法对经手术及临床随访证实60例老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的超声诊断进行回顾性分析。结果60例老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病最终诊断分别为:女性生殖系统疾病10例,超声诊断符合率为90%,泌尿系统疾病15例,超声诊断符合率为93.3%,消化系统疾病34例,超声诊断符合率为76.5%,左侧髂窝脓肿1例,超声诊断符合率为100%。结论超声对老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断中起着重要的作用。     

女性文化：消解现代性危机的女性主义进路——齐美尔社会性别思想发微

齐美尔是古典社会学思想家中最为敏感锐利的性别论者之一。齐美尔的社会性别思想以形而上学为基础,对男女性别差异从本质性和文化性两个方面进行解释;将性别问题视为现代性危机之一,并剖析了两个典型女性悲惨的例证——金钱婚姻与卖淫;作为“差异的欣赏者”,齐美尔认为女性运动不应追求与男性的差异夷平,而应建立一种不同于男性文化的“女性文化”,在人类文化的库存中增加女性的精神价值,最终实现整个人类的灵魂平等与自由。     

Gender Differences in the Transition to Adulthood in France: Is There Convergence Over the Recent Period?

Numerous studies have shown that educational attainment and labour force status have a strong impact on the timing of family formation for both men and women. The effects of educational level, school enrolment and employment seem to be different for men and women. The aim of this article is to investigate how gender-specific differences in family formation have changed over time, and more particularly, whether these differences have disappeared in recent years. We use a large-scale survey (more than 240,000 men and women born after 1940) conducted within the French 1999 census and apply event history techniques. The sample size allows us to test our hypotheses with more sophisticated models that cover several interactions. Our data fully support the convergence hypothesis for men and women with regard to the effects of educational attainment and working status (working/not working). However, it is only partly relevant for the effects of their school enrolment status on entry into first union and parenthood. For both men and women, the impact of work experience on first union disappears over time, but remains important for first parenthood.     

论《简·爱》中反叛男权传统的视角批评

传统的西方文学以男性文本和男性经验为中心,女性常被塑造成天使或魔鬼。为了挑战对女性的传统定位、清算男作家对女性形象的扭曲,一些女作家从全新的视角来审视女性,其作品中出现了颠覆与破坏传统的新女性。《简.爱》中成功塑造的新女性形象激发了女性的觉醒意识,为促进女性在婚姻与爱情面前与男性平等确立了公正、典型的范例。     

Immigration,Gender, and Earnings in Israel

This study describes and accounts for gender differences in earnings among the foreign-born in Israel and how these differences vary by origin countries. It expands on an earlier study that examined the effect of being foreign-born and female on employment status. I address three major questions: Do earnings corroborate the “double disadvantage” of immigrant women relative to both native-born women and native and foreign-born men? How do gender differences in earnings evolve with the prolongation of tenure in the new country? Does the combined effect of nativity status and gender act similarly among all foreign-born groups? Results of OLS regressions from the 1995 population census indicates that, everything else being equal, immigrants, including immigrant women, out-earn native-born men. The effect of tenure, by single year, shows that immigrant men and immigrant women follow very similar trajectories but the latter achieve similarity to native-born men much sooner. A detailed analysis reveals important stratification by country of birth. All the immigrant women who out-earned native men and native women originated in America or Europe. By contrast, all immigrant women who are at a disadvantage relative to native-born men are from Asia or Africa. The most common pattern, in which immigrant women earn as much as native-born men do but out-earn native-born women, characterizes immigrants from both Asia–Africa and Europe–America. The results are discussed in reference to three working hypotheses—“absorption climate,” “immigration motivation,” and “socio-cultural norms”—and in close connection with observations from the investigation on employment status.     

汉语拒绝言语行为的性别差异研究

文章运用定量分析的方法对汉语拒绝言语行为中的性别差异进行了研究.结果表明汉语中男性和女性在拒绝策略上存在差异;男性比女性使用更多的直接拒绝策略,而女性则比男性使用更多的间接拒绝策略;女性在拒绝时比男性使用更多的礼貌策略.这些性别差异可以从社会文化角度来加以解释.     

Hellenic (Greek) gender attitudes

Using data from 1,120 residents of Athens, Greece, we used structural equation modeling to confirm the existence of three types of gender attitudes: (1) egalitarian housework attitudes, (2) acceptance of females in traditionally male occupations, and (3) acceptance of males in traditionally female occupations. There was more acceptance of females in traditionally male occupations than of males in traditionally female occupations. Consistent with previous research, there was a relatively strong relationship between gender and egalitarian attitudes. Compared to men, women were more accepting of females being employed in traditionally male occupations, of males being employed in traditionally female occupations, and of equality between husband and wife in performing household chores. Education and marital status had significant impacts on egalitarian housework attitudes but not on occupational gender attitudes. His primary areas of teaching and research include criminology, deviance, juvenile delinquency, gender roles, and adolescent drug use. His research and teaching areas are criminology and marriage and family. In recent years his research has focused on adolescent drug use and marital dissolution.     

Exposed Yet Unrevealed: Reflections on the Poetry of Women Prisoners

Women comprise a small but rapidly growing proportion of prisoners incarcerated in countries around the world. Research shows that women experience prison differently than men, primarily due to the extent that personal relationships (both inside and outside prison) shape the culture and climate of women’s prisons. However, the literature does not adequately address women’s perspectives on their unique prison experiences. Prisoners’ poetry is a rich and largely untapped source of information that offers nuanced views of crime, punishment, and prison life. This research employs poetry written by female prisoners as a medium from which to learn about their lives in prison. The poems selected in this sample reflect a number of themes involving the common feelings of pain and loneliness, the routine of prison life, traumatic pre-incarceration experiences, and family issues. These themes are then compared with themes found in poetry written by male prisoners.     

浅论维多利亚时期英国女性文学发展的难言之痛

长久以来文学一直被视作是男性领地和男性实现文化价值观的专制武器,女性文学在1840年前曾是一片落寞之地。从两个方面分析了维多利亚时期女性文学发展的难言之痛：大批风格各异的女性作家被缩减、归并为少数几位伟大的作家,而由此总结出女性作家的全部理论;以男性文本和男性经验为中心的文学评论界对女性文学实行双重评价标准,很难真正从理论上评价女性作家和女性文学。