构建农村公共产品供给的新体制

本文认为,要解决农民增收关键是政府要承担起应负的责任,打破城乡分割的挝公共产品供给体制,构建农村公共产品供给的新体制,为农民提供充足的公共产品,从而为农民增收创造有利的条件.本文针对现行我国农村公共产品供给体制存在的问题,提出了构建农村公共产品供给新体制的具体做法.     

农村公共产品供给与新农村建设

新农村建设目标的实现取决于农村公共产品的供给。基层政府作为公共组织,有效地供给优质高量的公共产品是其基本职责,并且在新农村建设中起着关键性作用。当前农村公共产品供给体制不科学,结构不合理,责任不明确,总量不充足,因此优化农村公共产品的供给,才能促进社会主义新农村建设。     

"扩权强县"与地区公共产品供给研究

提供更多的以公共产品为主的公共服务是转型期政府的主要责任和职能,政府为减少行政成本提高行政效率的层级改革同样应考虑公共产品的供给。"扩权强县"是近年来在我国部分省区为促进县域经济发展采取的一种分权措施,这种以扩大县(市)地方政府权力为手段,以提高行政效率,推动地区经济发展为目标的改革,对我国当前地区公共产品的供给产生了一定影响。     

小农经济下的公共产品供给

从西方经济学中的一些相关概念和理论出发 ,分析中国传统农业社会中农业“公共产品”供给与小农经济结构的形成与发展 ,一方面小农和国家两极结构在农业经济中存在的“互补性” ,另一方面随着封建经济的发展和衰落 ,这种稳定的两极结构被逐步打破并被新的模式替代。     

中国新型公共产品的缺失与供给研究

公共产品是现代财政学的基础性理论之一。然而,伴随着社会经济的快速发展,我国资源性和制度性的公共产品都存在供给不足的问题。破解新型公共产品供给危机需要创新公共产品的供应方式。而新型城镇化的公共产品的供给应从客观情况出发,结合我国财政力量进行适度供给。     

农村公共产品自愿供给的制度研究

农村公共产品自愿供给在供给主体、供给动机、供给规则上与政府供给、市场化提供、制度外供给均有所区别。自愿供给的实现,受多维度、多层面、关联互动等多方面因素影响,需要一定的制度基础、制度激励、制度效率和制度规范。浙江农村公共产品的自愿供给从产生到逐步成熟,目前已呈现出供给主体、供给项目、供给渠道和供给资源多样化的总体特征,并初步形成集体、企业和个体、社会组织自愿供给三种制度类型,为提出农村公共产品自愿供给制度的总思路,完善农村公共产品自愿供给的制度设置,缓解农村公共产品供需矛盾提供了理论指引和实践路径。     

西部县域公共产品供给模式探讨

向农民提供公共产品,是提高西部县域经济实力、发展农业生产力的有效途径。现阶段西部县域公共产品供给还存在总体供给不足的问题,地方政府应针对不同公共产品的性质,通过各种制度安排提高公共产品供给,即对县域纯公共产品由政府直接供给;对于准公共产品由政府间接供给。     

我国农村公共产品供给效率的多层次规范分析

农村公共产品按照供需矛盾可以划分为"相对需求过剩"和"相对需求不足"两种状态,细分为发展型、基础型、可持续发展型、超前型、劣质型五种类型公共产品.目前,我国农村公共产品供给效率无论是"相对需求过剩"的农村公共产品,即农业基础设施、农产品的供求信息交流平台、农业科技推广;义务教育、公共卫生与医疗;大江大河治理、水土保持、环境保护等领域,还是"相对需求不足"的农村公共产品,即一些不合时宜的楼堂馆所建设治理和假冒科技信息打击等,各个层次中都存在相对的低效率问题,这些问题的存在,源于市场体系不健全以及行政管理体制、机制存在一些不适应问题,这将是今后新农村建设中所必须加以关注和解决的问题,而增加公共财政投入、完善服务体系、改进行政管理体制等政策措施是根治这些问题行之有效的途径.     

日本农村公共产品供给特点及其对我国的启示

日本财政支农资金规模是很大的,日本财政支农主要表现在农村公共产品供给上。本文介绍日本农村公共产品的供给特点,从中总结对我国农村公共产品供给的启示,以完善我国农村公共产品供给制度和农村公共财政制度,促进农业、农村发展。     

北京市自然垄断性公用事业管制改革及其绩效

本文以北京市自然垄断性公用事业政府管制改革的背景与欲达到目标为起点 ,论述了改革的动因、过程 ,政府管制的结构现状和自然垄断公用事业的产业结构现状 ,以及政府管制改革取得的社会经济绩效。政府管制制度进一步完善 ,管制效率获得较大提高 ;管制结构更具有激励性 ,市场配置效率得到改善 ,经营主体呈现多元化经营格局 ;财政压力得到有效缓解 ,公用事业迅速发展 ;公用事业促进国民经济持续发展的效应开始增强     

The "Papy-boom": A historical opportunity for French public hospitals

Abstract   The French public hospital system represents a major element in overall social security expenditure and ongoing reforms are having a significant impact on its financial equilibrium and the internal management of its activities. Nonetheless, the system has been unable to achieve the productivity objectives imposed on it. Significantly, staffing costs account for three quarters of its expenditure, yet most employees are civil servants who cannot be laid off easily. The only possibility for meaningful change in the size of its workforce may lie in the demographic revolution now affecting the French population, which will see half the present staff of public hospitals reaching retirement age within the next decade.     

公共权力监督的"软件系统"解析

公共权力监督"软件系统"中有权力特性系统、人性系统和政治文化系统等三个子系统.权力特性既存在于公共权力监督之中,又作为公共权力监督的对立物与公共权力监督彼此消长;人性是塑造权力特性的直接因素,而公共权力监督拥有引导掌权者的人性及其所支配的权力特性的巨大能量;同时,最有能力重塑人性并开拓监督空间的政治矢量当属政治文化的世俗化.     

The redistributive effect of public and private social programmes: A cross‐country empirical analysis

A function of many national social protection systems is to substantially redistribute income. However, the size and nature of social protection programmes are changing. In a number of countries there has been a shift from public towards private social protection arrangements, with the latter substituting for, or complementing, public programmes. Developing earlier work, this present article analyses the redistributive impact on income of public versus private social protection programmes. Using recent data from the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, we find a strong positive relationship between public social expenditures and income redistribution across countries. For private social expenditures, we find a weak, but statistically significant, negative relationship with the level of redistribution. In countries where a larger share of total social expenditure is accorded to private arrangements there is less income redistribution. We conclude that the choice between the relative weight of public and private provision of social protection affects the redistributive impact of the welfare state.     

Strategic public management for financial condition: Focus on fund balances of school districts

Scholars have emphasized the roles of strategic public management and the financial condition but little is known about the link between the two. Finding the missing link is the purpose of this study. By analyzing data from K-12 Texas school districts, this study investigates how top managers’ strategic efforts toward their superiors, subordinates, and external stakeholders affect the financial condition of school districts. The findings suggest that superintendents’ managing upward toward school boards increases fund balances, whereas managing downward toward school principals decreases fund balances. Apparently, the relationships between school boards, superintendents, and school principals contain different priorities and incentives that influence their behaviors in managing school district budgets.     

基于蛛网模型的我国小宗农产品价格调控研究

2010年以来,我国小宗农产品价格出现了较大幅度的上涨,引起了社会的广泛关注。造成小宗农产品价格异常波动的原因有很多,其中游资炒作、宏观调控力度不够、＂蛛网模型＂引起的供需失衡以及自然灾害为主要影响因素。完善小宗农产品市场的定价机制,既需要政府加大监管力度和政策引导,保证市场供应量,还需要建立起市场化调节机制,完善风险管理体系。     

Towards a standard conceptual typology of public sector performance measurement

This article aims to enhance fundamental conceptualisation in performance measurement through the development of a standard conceptual typology of the field. Performance measurement is a common phenomenon in the worldwide public sector, and one that has attracted substantial academic attention. However, analysis has been hindered by confusing and inconsistent terminology, and a lack of clear and explicit classification schemes. The proposed typology is based on five explicit design considerations and three fundamenta divisionis. The typology produced has four elements: levels; measures; targets; and actuals. These elements relate to the nature, specific aspect and state of performance phenomena. It is likely that a standard conceptual approach will have benefits for academic analysis, by clarifying language and conceptual definitions. It is also likely to have beneficial practical implications.     

论公营企业的分级所有

我国的国有企业改革已进入攻坚阶段 ,但改革的终极目标并不是坚持和完善现有的国有企业制度 ,而是要建立新的公营企业制度 ;这种制度的创新也并不要求实现政企分开 ,而是要走向市场经济条件下的政企不分。具体的改革要求是变“国家所有、分级管理”为“国家管理、分级所有” ,即要将企业的所有权划分为各级政府所有 ,对公营企业区分中央公营企业与地方公营企业 ,因而资产的管理体制将与传统体制截然不同。     

Measuring the economic impacts of recent oil price shocks on oil-dependent economy: evidence from Malaysia

This paper examines the economy-wide impacts of recent oil price shocks on the Malaysian economy. To achieve this objective, an integrated methodological framework that combines econometric and input–output models is utilized to assess the impacts of an oil price shock on tax revenues, employment, labor income and gross domestic product (GDP). Our results reveal that the recent oil price shocks significantly affects these macroeconomic variables. The decline in oil prices from 2015 to 2016 reduces tax revenues by 10.5%, lower GDP by 1.9% and increases the unemployment rate by 0.3%. As such, the sharp crunch in oil prices serves as a reminder to policymakers on the vulnerability inherent in overreliance on oil exports and the urgent need to diversify the economy.