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1.
Vitaro F Wanner B Brendgen M Tremblay RE 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):535-553
We compared offspring of problem gamblers (n = 42) to offspring of parents without gambling problems (n = 100) to see (1) whether the two groups differed with respect to depressive feelings and conduct/antisociality problems
and (2) whether ineffective parenting or the offspring’s own gambling problems played a mediating role in this context. Participants
were drawn from a relatively large community-based study (N = 1,872). Parents rated their own gambling and other mental health problems when their children were in mid-adolescence.
The children’s self-reports on depressive feelings and conduct/antisociality problems were assessed at two points in time:
by mid-adolescence and again by early adulthood. Results showed that children of parents with gambling problems reported more
depressive feelings and more conduct problems by mid-adolescence than children of parents without gambling problems. Children
of problem gamblers also experienced an increase in their depressive symptoms from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Importantly,
ineffective parenting, but not children’s gambling problems, mediated almost all the links between parental problem gambling
and children’s adjustment problems. These results add to a very small data base showing that children of problem gamblers
are at risk for a variety of adjustment problems.
相似文献
Frank VitaroEmail: |
2.
Holtgraves T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):105-120
A large, integrated survey data set provided by the Ontario Problem Gambling Centre was used to investigate psychometric properties
of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). This nine-item self-report instrument was designed to measure a single, problem
gambling construct. Unlike its nearest competitor—the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)—the PGSI was designed specifically
for use with a general population rather than in a clinical context. The present analyses demonstrated that the PGSI does
assess a single, underlying, factor, but that this is complicated by different, multiple factor structures for respondents
with differing levels of problem gambling severity. The PGSI also demonstrated small to moderate correlations with measures
of gambling frequency and faulty cognitions. Overall, the PGSI presents a viable alternative to the SOGS for assessing degrees
of problem gambling severity in a non-clinical context.
相似文献
Thomas HoltgravesEmail: |
3.
Miller NV Currie SR 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):257-274
Using population data (N = 11,562) drawn from five Canadian gambling prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2005, the current study investigated
the relationship between irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices upon (a) gambling intensity, as measured
by percent of income spent on gambling and (b) tolerance, a diagnostic indicator of pathological gambling. First, we found
irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices to be positively related. Second, irrational gambling cognitions
moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices and gambling intensity. Specifically, people engaging in risky
practices, spent less of their income on gambling when they had fewer irrational gambling cognitions compared to those with
more irrational cognitions. Third, irrational gambling cognitions moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices
and tolerance. Of the people engaging in risky practices, those with no irrational cognitions reported lower levels of tolerance
than those with at least one irrational cognition. Interactions with gender are reported and discussed. These findings demonstrate
the importance of both gambling cognitions and gambling practices upon the intensity of gambling and pathological gambling.
相似文献
Shawn R. CurrieEmail: |
4.
Adolescent Gambling: Understanding the Role of Stress and Coping 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Bergevin T Gupta R Derevensky J Kaufman F 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):195-208
The central variables of stress, coping, and gambling severity were examined along three lines of inquiry. The first addressed whether adolescents with gambling problems reported a greater number of minor or major stressful (i.e., negative) life events relative to others. The second examined whether more with gambling problems employed less-effective coping styles, such as those characterized as less task- or solution-focused, and more emotion- or avoidance-focused coping. Finally, the third question explored whether adolescents’ coping styles mediated the association between stress and gambling severity. Ranging from 11 to 20 years of age, 2,156 high-school students completed instruments assessing gambling involvement, gambling severity, stressful life events, and coping styles. Results indicated that, overall, adolescents with gambling-related problems reported more negative life events relative to social gamblers and non-gamblers. When negative life events were further separated into major and minor events, results revealed that problem gamblers reported more major negative life events but not more minor negative life events relative to others. Results indicated that adolescents with gambling-related problems used less task-focused coping, and more avoidance-focused coping. Males, but not females, who experience gambling-related problems reported using more emotion-focused coping strategies. Finally, emotion-oriented coping was found to mediate the relationship between negative life events and gambling severity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Jeffrey DerevenskyEmail: |
5.
Currie SR Hodgins DC Wang J el-Guebaly N Wynne H Miller NV 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):321-335
A set of low-risk gambling limits were recently produced using Canadian epidemiological data on the intensity of gambling
behavior and related consequences (Currie et al. Addiction 101:570–580, 2006). The empirically derived limits (gambling no more than two to three times per month, spending no more than $501–$100°CAN
per year or no more than 1% of gross income spent on gambling) accurately predicted risk of gambling-related harm after controlling
for other risk factors. The present study sought to replicate these limits on data collected in three independently conducted
Canadian provincial gambling surveys. Dose–response curves and logistic regression analyses were applied to gambling prevalence
data collected in surveys conducted in 2001–2002 within the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario (combined
sample N = 7,675). A comparable dose–response relationship between gambling intensity and risk of harm was found in each province.
The optimal thresholds for defining an upper limit of low-risk gambling were similar across the three provinces despite variations
in the availability and organization of legalized gambling opportunities within each region. These results provide additional
evidence supporting the validity of the low-risk gambling limits. Quantitative limits could be used to augment existing responsible
gambling guidelines.
相似文献
Shawn R. CurrieEmail: |
6.
Nasser Daneshvary C. Jeffrey Waddoups Bradley S. Wimmer 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(4):365-379
This paper provides insight into the wage gap between lesbians and heterosexual women. Using data from the 2000 Decennial
Census, we find a lesbian premium that equals approximately 10% for women without a bachelor’s degree, and is nearly non-existent
for women with higher levels of education. These findings are consistent with proposition that the gap between lesbians’ and
heterosexual women’s commitment to the labor market narrows at higher levels of education. We also find that controls for
industry and occupation exert only a small effect on the gap between lesbian and heterosexual women’s wages.
相似文献
Bradley S. WimmerEmail: |
7.
The Nordic countries at the same time exhibit a remarkably high participation rate of mothers and a more moderate decline
in fertility rates compared to other Western countries. This has been attributed to the fact that the welfare state model
and, especially, the family friendly policies chosen in the Nordic countries are unique. In this paper we evaluate the impact
of Nordic countries’ family friendly policies on employment, wages and children’s well-being. We demonstrate that, although
the ‘Nordic model’ has been successful in boosting female employment, it is a costly solution. Furthermore, family-friendly
policies mainly directed towards giving mothers the right to be on long paid maternal leave have adverse effects on women’s
wages with consequences for gender equality. Indeed, extensive family-friendly schemes may even have created a ‘system-based
glass ceiling’ hindering women’s career progression. There is no evidence however of a trade-off between family-friendly policies
and family welfare as effects on child development and children’s well-being of publicly provided child-care are found to
be modest or even positive.
相似文献
Mette Verner (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Pille-Riin Kaare René Mõttus Kenn Konstabel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):377-390
Due to changes in gambling accessibility during the last decade gambling has become more widespread in Estonia and the prevalence
of pathological gambling has sharply increased. The present study attempts to identify psychological characteristics of Estonian
pathological gamblers. It has been shown that a wide range of social, economic, and individual factors (e.g. personality traits
and emotional states) predict the likelihood of becoming a pathological gambler. In the present study, pathological gamblers’
(N = 33) personality traits, self-esteem, self-reported emotional states and cognitive ability were compared to the respective
characteristics in a non-gambling control group (N = 42) matched for age, gender and educational level. It was found that compared to controls, pathological gamblers had higher
scores on Neuroticism (especially on its immoderation facet) and lower scores on Conscientiousness (especially on its dutifulness
and cautiousness facets) and on self-esteem scale. They reported more negative emotional states during the previous month
(especially depression and anxiety). Finally, pathological gamblers had lower general cognitive ability. In a logistic regression
model, the likelihood of being a pathological gambler was best predicted by high immoderation score and low cognitive ability.
相似文献
Pille-Riin KaareEmail: |
9.
Gayle A. Sulik 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(3):297-314
Gendered definitions of care influence breast cancer survivors’ coping strategies, sense of entitlement to care, and ultimately
their capacity to receive care. Using qualitative data from 60 intensive interviews, this study examines how gendered definitions
of care influence women’s experiences as care-receivers. Findings indicate that negotiating gender boundaries to care for
the self is both empowering and stigmatizing. Women with breast cancer are required to break gender norms that stress compliance,
nurturing, and putting the needs of others first to prioritize their own needs for care. Concurrently, they take on additional
nurturing roles to provide support to other women with breast cancer, relinquishing to some degree the individualistic approach
to life they found necessary to cope with their illness in the first place.
相似文献
Gayle A. SulikEmail: |
10.
Did the legalization of abortion increase women’s household bargaining power? Evidence from labor supply 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sonia Oreffice 《Review of Economics of the Household》2007,5(2):181-207
I estimate the impact of abortion legalization on spouses’ labor supplies to test whether legalization increased women’s household
bargaining power, in a collective household behavior framework. Based on CPS data, I find that wives’ labor supply decreased
and their husbands’ increased, which is consistent with the bargaining hypothesis. This contrasts with most studies of abortion
and birth control technologies, which predict a labor supply effect only for women, and of opposite sign. Also consistent
with the bargaining interpretation, I estimate no significant impact on anti-abortion religious couples or on those who regularly
used contraceptives. PSID data yield supportive evidence.
相似文献
Sonia OrefficeEmail: |
11.
Married Women’s Labor Supply and Spousal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Results from Panel Data 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Jason E. Murasko 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(3):391-406
This paper investigates the effect of spousal insurance coverage on married women’s labor supply. This effect was hypothesized
to be negative, since married women have an incentive to seek employment in jobs that will provide insurance when their husbands
do not provide coverage. Panel data from the 1996–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys was used to control for the potential
correlation between unobserved characteristics and spousal insurance. The findings suggest that spousal coverage does have
a negative effect on married women’s labor supply, and that most of the reduction in labor supply seems to derive from shifts
out of the labor force rather than between part-time and full-time work.
相似文献
Jason E. MuraskoEmail: |
12.
In response to the incompatible demands of work and motherhood, many mothers seek out part-time work schedules. Although many
mothers consider this option “the best of both worlds,” scholars are divided about whether part-time work is in women’s best
interest because it is linked to the gender division of labor in the home, and hence, to gender inequality. In this paper,
we investigate the mostly unintended consequences of part-time work on the gender division of labor within the household.
Drawing on 54 in-depth interviews with mothers who voluntarily work part-time, we explore how mothers experience household
work and child care arrangements when they work part-time. Three factors emerged as most important in understanding how part-time
work can shape mothers’ experiences of the gender division of labor: pathway to part-time work, work location, and work schedule.
Depending on these factors, part-time work may be experienced as either enhancing or undermining of the gender division of
labor, and thus, as promoting or undermining gender equality in their families.
相似文献
Christine WilliamsEmail: |
13.
It’s Not What You Know, but How You Use It: Statistical Knowledge and Adolescent Problem Gambling 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Delfabbro P Lahn J Grabosky P 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):179-193
This paper examined the nature of irrational gambling-related cognitions in a sample of 926 adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) sampled from Australian schools. Students were differentiated according to gambling status and administered a series of items that assessed their understanding of objective odds, the nature of randomness, the role of skill in gambling, and the perceived profitability of gambling. The results confirmed previous findings that problem gamblers tend to be more irrational in their perceptions, as indicated by stronger beliefs in the role of skilful play in chance activities, and that gambling is a potentially profitable activity. However, counter intuitively, problem gamblers did not appear to have any poorer understanding of objective probabilities. These results are discussed in terms of Sevigny and Ladouceur’s (2004) concept of cognitive switching as well as psychological research concerning the role of emotional and motivational factors in the development of an illusion of control. The implications of these findings for gambling education programs are discussed.
相似文献
Paul DelfabbroEmail: |
14.
Katy Jenkins 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(1):15-34
This paper focuses on recognizing the contribution made to development by grassroots women working on a voluntary basis in
long term development projects. Using the example of healthcare, the paper problematizes the widespread move towards an increased
reliance on voluntary and third sector provision. Drawing on literature around women’s community activism, the research considers
the extent to which women carrying out health promotion work in Peru have taken on this role as more than “just voluntary
work,” highlighting their long term commitment during more than a decade of health promotion activities. The paper develops
debates around the professionalization of voluntary work, particularly considering the issue of economic remuneration for
health promoters, and emphasizing the gendered nature of their voluntarism; concluding by questioning the sustainability of
poor women’s long term, and largely unpaid, involvement as the linchpins of community development projects.
相似文献
Katy JenkinsEmail: |
15.
Aditi Mitra J. David Knottnerus 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(3):242-267
This study addresses issues related to inequality formation and reproduction, especially in regard to gender dynamics operating
in a non-western society. Grounded in a post-colonial understanding of urban educated upper and middle class women NGO volunteers
in contemporary India, it analyzes how they negotiate new approaches to challenge existing traditional gender roles, yet in
critical ways contribute to their reproduction, particularly the traditional concept of ideal Indian womanhood. Employing
structural ritualization theory we examine how ritualized symbolic practices related to the traditional concepts of caretaking,
sacrifice, and the concept of natural sexual differences continue to be emphasized in a generation confronted with conflicting
expectations about modern women’s roles. Twenty-one testimonies provide the major source of evidence along with data gathered
through participant observation. This research enhances our understanding of the power of rituals and how they can continue
to shape the cognitions and activities of actors.
相似文献
Aditi MitraEmail: |
16.
Giacopassi D Stitt BG Nichols M 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(4):413-426
Numerous studies have documented that under-age gambling is quite common. The present study employs interviews of 48 university students who gambled under-age to determine the motives and methods associated with casino gambling by minors. The information gathered in these interviews indicates that access to casinos is easily attained, that the risk of exposure once gambling is minimal, and the motivations of under-age gamblers differ in important ways from that of adults, as access to alcohol, accompanying parents, and the desire to experience the “forbidden fruit” of casino gambling are commonly mentioned motivations by under-age gamblers.
相似文献
Mark NicholsEmail: |
17.
Close to Home: A Simultaneous Equations Model of the Relationship Between Child Care Accessibility and Female Labor Force Participation 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Rising rates of maternal employment among current and former welfare recipients have increased the use of non-parental child
care. Little empirical work examines the relationship between women’s labor supply and the geographic supply of child care.
We combine census data with child care provider information for the state of Maryland to explore the relationship between
female labor supply and the geographic supply of child care. OLS and 3-SLS equations are estimated, and the findings are consistent
across each estimator: Women’s labor supply is sensitive to the geographic supply of child care and vice versa. These results
are important because states now spend significant money on quality improvement initiatives, many of which increase child
care supply in low-income neighborhoods.
相似文献
Burt S. BarnowEmail: |
18.
Women’s tendency to outperform men on measures of accuracy in interpreting the meaning of nonverbal behavior might be due to such measures being more congruent with women’s interpersonal goals than men’s. The present study examined undergraduate men’s and women’s (N = 41) nonverbal judgment accuracy on the Interpersonal Perception Task-15 (IPT-15; Costanzo & Archer, 1993 [.The interpersonal perception task-15 (IPT-15). Berkeley: University of California Center for Media and Independent Learning) when the purpose for using their judgment skills was manipulated to be either congruent or incongruent with stereotypic “masculine” and “feminine” interpersonal goals. Results showed that each gender was at a relative disadvantage in judgment accuracy in the gender-incongruent goal conditions: women were relatively less accurate when they thought the IPT-15 measured judgment skills of use to interrogators in the military, whereas men were relatively less accurate when they thought the IPT-15 measured judgment skills of use to social workers in the social services. Discussion centers on the importance of matching individuals’ interpersonal goals to the purpose goals of the measure when using measures of interpersonal sensitivity.
相似文献
Jessi L. SmithEmail: |
19.
Peller AJ LaPlante DA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):519-534
There have been claims that new gambling technology is hazardous to player health, and that technological interventions can
alleviate gambling-related harm. In this paper, we systematically review the empirical research about the nexus between gambling
and technology to evaluate the veracity of these claims. We use a public health perspective (i.e., the Epidemiologic Triangle)
to organize and present study results (i.e., agent, host, and environment). This review intends to offer insight about emerging
technology and identify areas that indicate a need for additional research. Forty-seven studies met our inclusion and exclusion
criteria; a review of this body of work shows that attempts to develop and implement safety features for new gambling technology
are promising, but methodologically are rudimentary and limited in scope. Increased attention to the dynamic interaction among
host, agent, and environment factors hold potential to advance the field. In addition, improved study methods (e.g., longitudinal
analyses of actual betting behavior), and collaboration among policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers can increase understanding
of how new gambling technology affects the public health and stimulate new strategies for implementing effective public health
interventions.
相似文献
Allyson J. PellerEmail: |
20.
We used the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce to investigate the effects of work type on women’s lives. Specifically,
we hypothesized that self-employed women have better work–family fit than organizationally employed women. We also hypothesized
that as a result of better work–family fit, self-employed women would report better mental health than organizationally employed
women. The analysis shows limited support for the hypotheses. Of the different dimensions of work–family fit, self-employment
directly influenced only job to home facilitation. Work type had no direct influence on mental health. It appears that work
type may indirectly influence work–family fit and mental health through higher job satisfaction and increased autonomy.
相似文献
Michael GarrEmail: |