符号学视角下的汉字设计

中国的汉字在现代平面设计中占据着重要地位,而在实际应用中,却明显滞后于时代发展,目前学者对汉字符号化设计的研究也较少,并且也没有关于汉字设计与符号学相关的系统和完整的理论。文中在第一部分首先分析了符号学与汉字设计的关系,其次分析符号学视角下汉字设计的功能和作用,最后,分析了符号学视角下汉字设计方法。     

网络时代汉字误用现象及影响分析

随着互联网技术的发展,微信、QQ等通讯手段被广泛应用,同时办公自动化的普及,使人们在实际生活中提笔写字的机会越来越少,对于同音字的区别也越来越模糊,常会出现同音异义字使用错误、误用拼音相同声调不同词组等现象。通过对网络上两大类汉字误用现象的分析,指出网络汉字误用四个方面的影响,建议善待汉字,减少汉字的误用。     

70字短信:时尚瓶中的民俗酒

当前流传的手机短信在形式上有一个明显的特征,就是它仅能提供70个汉字或160个英文字母的文本空间.这自然是短信的劣势所在,许多制造商也正在日以继夜地为短信研制更大的文本空间.然而,从某种程度上说,恰恰是这样一种"规矩",成就了短信的"方圆".如果短信所能书写的字数不限,恐怕短信很难发展到今天如此繁荣的境况.     

目的论视角下的吉林省旅游景点文本翻译

随着全球化的深入和中国旅游业的发展,吉林省旅游业的发展突飞猛进,越来越多的海外游客选择到吉林省旅游,因此旅游景点外宣文本的翻译日趋重要。本文开篇介绍了目的论,分析汉英旅游文本的差异,并将目的论法则运用到实际的旅游景点文本翻译中。     

浅谈汉字构形理据在对外汉字教学中的应用——以《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》甲级汉字为例

汉字是意音文字体系,每个汉字的构形都是以它的本义为基础,这也就是汉字的构形理据。在汉字教学中,适当地运用汉字构形理据进行教学,能有效地帮助学生学习汉字,提高汉字识记水平。本文以《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》中的部分甲级汉字为例,对汉字构形理据进行简要分析,并进一步探讨其在汉字教学中的应用。     

同形语素、多义语素的对外汉语教学研究

同形语素、多义语素对留学生理解和掌握汉语词义起着重要的作用。本文考察了《国际汉语教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分(国家标准)》中的"最低入门等级音节、汉字、词汇表"中全部505个词语的构词语素,对其中的同形语素、多义语素进行了全面分析,并针对教学实际,为教师和教材编写提出相关的教学建议。     

关于器物类的“字串”式对外汉字教学

汉字教学是对外汉语教学中的教学难点和重点,近年来关于汉字教学的方法如雨后春笋般出现,推动了对外汉字教学的发展.然而毋庸讳言,我们的教学方法还存在着许多问题.对外汉字教学应推崇百花齐放的教学方式,使汉字学习者更快地掌握和使用汉字.本文从注重教学实际效果的角度出发,根据汉字自身特点将汉字总结成“串”,探讨关于器物类的汉字教学的方法.     

汉字简化的利弊分析

汉字简化古已有之,在新中国成立后更是取得了巨大的成果,可以说汉字简化是汉字发展的一种必然趋势,是符合汉字发展规律、具有进步意义的。但是,随着汉字和社会各个方面地不断发展,我们也应该认识到目前汉字简化仍然存在着一些问题和弊端,充分认清这些问题和弊端,对汉字简化进行一个比较全面客观的分析,可以更好的帮助我们传承汉字文化,促进汉字发展。     

留学生汉字书写偏误分析

一直以来,汉字教学被认为是对外汉语教学的重点和难点。以笔者学习及在留学生课堂观摩的感悟为主,结合汉字书写偏误的期刊论文研究成果,以体验法和文献资料研究法对汉字书写偏误进行具体梳理和分析,总结汉字书写偏误的类型和成因,并提出了汉字书写教学与汉字字理分析相结合、汉字书写活动教学、回忆默写法汉字书写教学等相关策略,以期为今后汉字书写教学有所助益。     

多角度试究汉字的性质

汉字的性质一直是学术界争论的热点,本文从汉字记载语言单位分属、汉字记录语言的手段以及汉字自身的形态三方面分析了汉字的性质,认为古汉字属于表词文字,表形、表意、音义文字应该根据古汉字造字法分别论述)和图符文字,现汉字属于语素文字、表意文字,字符文字。     

Altruism and information

Experimental literature has accumulated evidence on the association of social identity to a higher or lower level of prosocial behavior. There is also evidence that donations are affected by the mere provision of information about the recipients, whatever its nature or content. In this paper, we present a unified experimental framework (within-subjects) to analyze the impact of different information sets (that concern social class, political orientation or gender) on the level of giving; our experimental design allows us to reveal the effect of three information sets, with respect to the baseline treatment of no information, and separately from the effect of the informational content. A between-subjects replication in M-Turk provides results in the same direction, although the treatment effects are much weaker. These results could be relevant to any design intended to measure the impact on altruism of different dimensions of social identity.     

Size and distributional uncertainty, public information and the information paradox

In this paper we examine the strategic implications of collective acquisition of information in a committee or in a legislature. We show that the prospect of acquiring information can harm a majority even if information is only available by the support of a majority. Moreover, the model provides two results about incentives to acquire information. First, for policies with high distributional uncertainties, we expect that less information is acquired collectively by a committee than for other policies. Second, for policies that show only size uncertainty, our model predicts intense efforts to acquire information collectively. Received: 20 January 1997/Accepted: 15 February 1999     

Information, information systems, information society: interpretations and implications

The term “information” has become a universal and omnipresent keyword in almost all areas of our modern world—be it in science or society in general. This is not only obvious from the naming of whole scientific branches like Information Theory, Information Science or Informatics but even more from common speaking—characterising our present time and society as information age viz. information society. However, what “information” might mean, is by no means clear and there is a wide range of interpretations covering, among others, its technical, communicational, educational, mental, and scientific aspects. But is the use of the same term justified when adopted in Biology, Physics, Archaeology, Law, Communication Technology, and Informatics (to list just a few of the involved scientific branches) or do its different uses at least have some common characteristics—some sort of common denominator? Is information natural, e.g. manifesting itself as a material phenomenon residing in organisms, stars, atoms, or genes, or is it just a cultural product of human communication, thinking, and interpretation? In this article, we try to clarify some of the most important interpretations, discuss and contrast them with the Informatics point of view. Interpretations range from taking information as material, transferable signals (following Shannon’s Information Theory or the genetic approaches), treating it as a sign (following a semiotic approach), as a commercial product (now common in Web-based Information Business) to considering it a pure mental phenomenon bound to humans or human-like individuals or even to groups and societies. Based on these interpretations, we shall throw a critical glance on current trends in human science and society—focusing on the now popular concept of “information society”—and then derive some theses and guidelines for further research escorting the growth and dispersal of information technology. As it will turn out, an information society which defines itself through the number of computers, internet connections and network links is based on a very narrow, techno-centric concept of information. However, a reflection on the educational and cultural aspects of information might lead to a better-qualified society consisting of responsible and critical citizens.     

Where college students look for vaping information and what information they believe

Abstract

Objective: This convergent mixed methods study examined how information sources influence college students’ beliefs and knowledge about vaping. Participants: College students either completed a survey (n?=?522; January–April, 2016) or were interviewed (n?=?33; 2015–2016). Methods: College students completed an online survey asking ‘where’ students had heard about e-cigarette and ‘what’ they had heard. Responses were quantified and a chi-square analysis was conducted. Additional college student e-cigarette users were interviewed about the credibility of information sources. Thematic analysis was conducted with the coded interviews. Results: There was a significant relationship between information sources for e-cigarettes (social sources, media, advertising, education/research) and the messages they recalled. Friends who vaped and e-cigarette users were the most credible information sources. Confirmation bias and scientific impotence bias characterized assessment of e-cigarette information. Conclusions: Health education specialists working on college campuses should provide accurate information via communication channels most unitized by college students.     

Welfarism and information invariance

This paper examines the consequences of imposing general information-invariance conditions in the context of welfarist social-welfare functionals. Dual relationships between invariance axioms for social-welfare functionals and the corresponding properties of the associated social-welfare orderings are established. Unlike most of the literature on information assumptions in social-choice theory, the paper does not restrict attention to invariance conditions that can be defined in terms of admissible utility transformations and, instead, employs a more general approach. Received: 6 October 1997/Accepted: 17 March 1999     

Rules for aggregating information

We present a model of information aggregation in which agents’ information is represented through partitions over states of the world. We discuss three axioms, meet separability, upper unanimity, and non-imposition, and show that these three axioms characterize the class of oligarchic rules, which combine all of the information held by a pre-specified set of individuals.     

Measuring success: Explications and measurement scales of instructing information and adjusting information

Substantial research exists to study reputation management messages but far less research exists to consider instructing information and adjusting information during and after a crisis. This research seeks to build tools that assist in the study of base crisis responses. Using a literature review, 18 interviews with people with expertise in public relations, and an experiment with 286 participants recruited from mTurk, this research builds scales that assess the quality of instructing information and adjusting information given during a crisis. The resulting scales are found to be reliable and predict significant change in post-crisis reputation in an initial test. Potential uses of these scales for crisis communication scholars and public relations practitioners are discussed.