浅谈民商法连带责任中存在的问题及对策研究

民商法是我国对于民事商业行为所制定的一种法律法规,是非常接近民生的一部法律。以前,民商法当中的连带责任有着非常显著的作用和应用价值,但是伴随着社会不断发展,其中的问题也越发明显。对此,为了更好地推动民商法合理改进,本文详细分析民商法连带责任中存在的问题及对策。     

民商法中连带责任的研究

依法治国是我国全面建设小康社会中最重要的政策之一,而在我国的法律体系中民商法所占据的地位十分重要。它能够保证社会的稳定运行,也对法律事件中的连带责任的适用情况作出非常明确的规定,不仅保护人民的正当权益,也保护了社会的公正性。但是通过对当前社会中使用民商法的具体情况进行分析,发现在应用民商法中仍旧存在很多问题。其中问题最多的就是如何分析民商法中的连带责任问题,只有对这些难点进行分析和解决,才能够促进我国社会更好地发展。     

论民商合一立法模式在我国民法总则中的具体体现

我国商事立法的立法模式,历来是学者的争论焦点。对于究竟是走民商合一的立法模式还是走民商分立的立法模式,学者们历年来争论不休。研究商法的学者大都主张走民商分立的立法模式,而研究民法的学者则大都主张走民商合一的立法模式,其中理由与论证各有千秋。笔者认为站在己方利益的角度看待问题始终不是客观的,这对问题的解决不但无益,反倒可能是有害的。随着3月15日我国民法总则的出台,我国民法和商法的立法体例就已经明确,即是民商合一的立法体例,从其特点来看是商法原理及其深刻内涵等内容糅合在民法总则中。概括而言,民法总则在规定权利主体、客体、行为、基本原则等方面都采用了民商合一立法体例,增强了民商总则的商法元素。然而,民、商两法的关系处理问题一直是我国法学理论和实务届的重大悬案,我国对这两法关系应予以进一步明确确定,这样对我国民商法的发展而言有着极其重要的作用,这一具体的明确应体现在今后的民法总则修订与完善中。     

民商法信用体系构建研究

民商法信用体系的构建,其目的就是为了使我国市场经济能够稳定且健康地发展,要求该法律体系立足于当下,同时又需要考虑到未来市场的整体发展。结合目前我国市场经济中存在的特点,并且针对民商法信用体系的内涵这一基础进行双向分析,找到如何在当前市场中有效购建民商法信用体系的方式,并且针对其中存在的问题提出解决对策。     

特定场所下盗窃罪的界定——引用民法理论区分盗窃罪与侵占罪

刑事罪名中盗窃罪与侵占罪的认定因涉及财产关系往往很难界定，本文从一则案例分析出发，引入民法对该财产关系的界定，从而区分认定刑事罪名盗窃罪与侵占罪。     

何谓黑社会性质组织？

根据现行法律和政策，现阶段我国大陆还没有出现黑社会犯罪，只存在黑社会性质组织。无疑，黑社会性质组织是一具有中国特色的法律名词。尽管《中华人民共和国刑法》（以下简称《刑法》）对黑社会性质组织进行了原则性界定，最高人民法院和全国人民代表大会常务委员会先后出台了司法解释和立法解释，由于黑社会性质组织犯罪的构成要件和所涉及的法律关系较为复杂，对黑社会性质组织的认定在实践中争议仍较大。     

校外兼职大学生行为发生的法律性质与法律适用性分析

基于各种因素考量,当今大学生都可能会在上学期间从事兼职工作。但是在校外兼职行为发生的过程当中,需要注意大学生校外兼职与勤工助学、大学生实习概念之间的差异,并对校外兼职大学生行为发生的法律性质界定,即在何种工作场合下被认定为属于劳动关系、劳务关系,进而对校外兼职大学生行为涉及的超时用工、工伤损害赔偿责任的法律适用有一定理解,以便切实维护自身合法权益不受损害。     

试论我国国际私法对弱者利益的保护

随着国际民商交往的不断扩大，弱耆利益的有效保护已经成为国际私法立法所追求的重要理念。我国国际私法在对弱者利益的保护立法方面有了一定的成绩和经验，尤其是《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》的出台，改变了过去保护的粗陋。然而，我国国际私法在这方面仍然有很多不足，需要进一步完善。     

高职院校学生兼职的应然法律关系

客观而准确地界定高职院校学生与用工单位的法律关系是解决兼职学生劳动权益受到侵害的前提和基础。在现实中高职院校学生兼职情况十分普遍,但现有的法律体系中,关于两者的法律关系却未有明确的法律规定。借鉴英美法系国家对于劳动者与兼职学生的法律定位,从我国现有法律出发,理清高职院校学生与用人单位间的应然法律关系很有必要,应从实然和应然的博弈间进行论证,明确高职院校兼职学生的法律地位和法律适用。     

高科技时代下民商法的创新理念分析

随着科技的发展,人们的生活水平也越来越高,同时,各行各业发生了翻天覆地的改变,人们的价值观也慢慢发生着变化。民商法是与人们的日常生活息息相关的法律法规,在不断发展和变化的社会中,民商法自然也要为适应社会的发展做出一定的改变。本文主要分析高科技时代下对民商法的影响以及民商法创新的必要性,最后对民商法的创新进行探究和分析,以供参考。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.