谈谈保障妇女权益与计划生育的关系

——保障妇女权益有利于实行计划生育。——实行计划生育有利于促进妇女解放。——贯彻计划生育基本国策,积极保护妇女权益。     

计划生育与中国妇女生命历程变化探讨

本文通过分析中国３个地区城乡的妇女生命周期变化，说明中国计划生育工作促进了妇女生育期的缩短，为妇女参与发展提供了条件。同时计划生育将对妇女的老年阶段产生新的影响，未来妇女的养老问题须靠完善社会保障和增加自我生存能力才能缓解。     

计划生育家庭发展与变化研究课题启动

今年９月２５日是中共中央《关于控制我国人口增长问题致全体共产党员、共青团员的公开信》发表２０周年。为纪念中央这一关于人口与计划生育工作重要文件的发表 ,同时也为了以实际行动贯彻落实中央于今年３月２日颁布的《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》 ,更好地宣传计划生育的成果和社会、经济效益 ,营造有利于计划生育的良好社会氛围 ,国家计生委宣教司和《人口与计划生育》杂志共同组织开展了“计划生育家庭发展与变化”课题研究。这一研究是１９９９年开展的“计划生育投入及效益”研究的姐妹篇 ,两项研究共同组成了…     

西北计划生育财务工作座谈会在宁夏召开

一九八六年十一月二十四日至二十八日,西北计划生育财务工作座谈会在宁夏吴忠市召开。国家计生委、西北计划生育、财政系统派人参加了会议。西北五省区地处“老、少、边、穷”,“七五”期间也和全国一样,面临生育高峰。因此,控制人口增长、提高人口素质的任务非常紧迫,这就要求计划生育财务工作一定要跟上计划生育工作发展的形势,把计划生育经费使用得当,做到少花钱,多办事,把事情办好,使财务工作更好地为计划生育事业服务。大家围绕着这个中心问题展     

孟加拉国的“天下第一难”如何变成受农民欢迎的事

在中国广大农村地区,计划生育基层干部把计划生育工作称之为“天下第一难”,殊不知在南亚一个信奉伊斯兰教的国家里,也有一批与中国计划生育基层专于同命相连的姐妹,她们就是孟加拉国计划生育指导站的工作人员。1992年美国纽约人口理事会出版的《家庭计划研究》第2期刊登了一篇深入访谈她们的调查报告,生动地描述了孟加拉国计划生育妇女专干的“酸甜苦辣”。在孟加拉国,广大农村妇女至今仍受“隔离风俗”的影响,过着依附于男子的生活。他们身着“布     

知情选择:顺民意、暖民心——对湖北省黄石市西塞山区西塞街道节育知情选择的调查与思考

通过对黄石市西塞山区西塞街道办事处开展避孕节育措施知情选择的调查思考 ,清醒地认识到开展知情选择和优质服务是一项顺民意、暖民心的工程 ,有利于基层人口与计划生育工作的顺利开展 ,有利于实践“三个代表” ,是加快计划生育工作“两个转变”的必由之路。     

让妇女自己掌握生育的权利

让妇女自己掌握生育的权利宋宪章，钟志学近年来．辽宁省义县计划生育协会广泛开展了计划生育“家庭计划”活动，把妇女从“生孩子受公婆管着”的束缚中挣脱出来，自己绘制幸福家庭的图景，自主依据国家的政策行使生育的权利。这个县的计划生育协会从１９９３年起，开展了...     

人口与计划生育统计报表做到四相符——新余市观巢乡“一卡六帐”调查

江西省新余市渝水区观巢乡,在人口与计划生育统计报表工作方面做了大量的工作。村委会建立了“已婚妇女计划生育卡片帐”、乡计划生育办建立了“一卡六帐”和十种计生信息栏。全乡计划生育工作的情况都能准确地反映到计生信息栏中,全面反映了全乡人口与计划生育工作的过去与现在。最近,省计生委付主任熊小江到观巢乡视察计划生育工作,察看了乡“一卡六帐”和计生信息栏后说:“观巢在计划生育管理方面做到了科学化、信息化。”观巢乡在管好用好“一卡六帐”方面取得了优异成绩,人口与计划生育统计报表做到了人与卡、卡与卡、卡与帐、帐与表”四相符。从而,促进了全乡计划生育工作的开展。     

简讯

根据国家劳动人事部和国家教委的指示精神,为了提高西北五省从事人口研究的工作者及计划生育干部的思想及业务水平,兰州大学西北人口研究所于1988年9月开始举办一年制“人口学”专业证书班。来自西北五省区市的20余名人口及计划生育工作者经过一年的刻苦学习,完成了《人口理论》《人口地理学》《政治经济学》《人口统计学》《计划生育学》《优生优育学》《人口生态学《人口社会学》《大学语文》等九门课程的学习,经考试合格,已于1988年7月上旬毕业。学员们普遍认为,通过一年的学习,无论是业务上还是思想上都有了很大的提高,并表示回去以后,要为“控制人口数量,提高人口质量”做出贡献。为了给西北地区培养人才,兰州大学人口研究所还将继续举办一     

传统生育文化与计划生育之间的妇女

传统生育文化与计划生育之间的妇女金安融中国计划生育工作虽然已开展多年，但几千年来形成的生育文化至今仍禁锢着广大农民的思想，左右着农民的生育行为。重男轻女是传统生育文化的核心内容，各种“传宗接代”，“养儿防老”，追求“儿女双全”，“多子多福”等偏见从不...     

Women in community radio: a framework of gendered participation

Women’s participation in community radio is examined through a case study of Ireland, with data gathered by survey, interviews and a focus group. Key findings note that women are under-represented as participants in community radio, but there is little activity within the sector to address this imbalance. Similarly, women’s voices are absent from community airwaves but this is framed through a limited understanding women lacking on-air confidence. Solutions to the problem were limited to individual stations rather than approached in a collective manner. There was no sense of women’s voices on air being a priority issue for stations, for the sector, nor for the national regulatory body. With regard to content, stations largely tended to produce “islands” of specialist women’s programmes but there was a sense that women produced content in ways that were not normative and were explicitly linked to gender. Gendered social structures, as well as organisational structures within community radio, constituted further barriers to women’s equal participation in community radio in Ireland. Finally, the presence of women as role models, sponsors, and managers, who were relational in their approach, was key gendered benefits that women derived from their participation in community radio.     

Gender and Job Satisfaction in Urban China: The Role of Individual,Family, and Job Characteristics

This study examines gender differences in job satisfaction in urban Chinese, whether individual achieved status, family and household characteristics, and job characteristics explain these differences, and whether these factors are associated with men’s and women’s job satisfaction differently using a national representative sample of 1,641 men and 1,375 women from the 2006 Chinese General Social Survey. Urban Chinese women are less satisfied with their jobs than urban Chinese men. This gender difference is largely explained by women’s underrepresentation in the Chinese Communist Party and their inferior jobs. Family and household characteristics have stronger impact on women’s job satisfaction than on men’s, but achieved status and job characteristics have similar associations with job satisfaction for men and women. These findings suggest that persistent gender inequality is detrimental to women’s well-being at the workplace.     

影响流动女性自身发展能力因素的个案研究

影响流动女性自身发展的因素是一个十分复杂并需要加以深入探讨的问题。本文首先提出了分析影响因素的整体框架和思路，在此基础上，利用对福州市浦上工业区某服装厂的流动女性人口调查的数据对此分析框架进行了验证。结果表明，流动经历、个人特征及社会文化和体制是影响她仉自身发展的重要因素，其中流动经历、受教育程度有利于农村流动女性的自身发展，而流动女性的年龄、传统的社会文化观念及户口制度，则会对流动女性自身发展产生一定的束缚作用。在此基础上就如何促进女性自身发展水平的提高提出了建议。     

甘肃主要少数民族妇女就业问题研究

国内已有的妇女就业的研究主要偏重一个国家和地区妇女在经济领域的问题．而以民族进行划分对妇女在经济发展中的相关问题的研究较少涉及。本文以甘肃第六次人口普查的数据为依据．分析了甘肃10个主要少数民族妇女就业状况的民族差异和地区差异,在对甘肃主要少数民族妇女的就业进行因素分析的基础上,提出了少数民族妇女就业的模型。     

农村妇女就业现状和就业对策研究—以成都为例

实践经验表明,农村女性在劳动就业市场上面临诸多限制,就业弱势地位十分明显,促进农村妇女就业是社会就业政策的重要组成部分。本文通过对成都市10个区（市、县）2000份调查问卷表的分析,结合座谈和实地调查感悟,对成都市在城乡综合配套改革试验区建设中农村妇女的就业现状、就业障碍和就业意愿等进行了详细分析,在此基础上提出促进成都市农村妇女充分就业的三大政策、制度和工作举措。     

Divorce,living arrangements,and material well-being during the transition to adulthood in rural Malawi

In this paper, we use longitudinal data to investigate how parental death and divorce influence young women’s own experience of divorce in Malawi, a setting where women marry relatively early and unions are fragile. We find that maternal death and parental divorce are positively associated with divorce for young women but, after controlling for socio-demographic and marital characteristics, only the association with maternal death remains statistically significant. Maternal and paternal death are both strongly associated with women’s post-divorce living arrangements, which in turn affects their material well-being. This finding suggests that divorcing at a young age shapes the subsequent life chances of women; although some women return to their parental home and may have the opportunity to reset the transition to adulthood, other women begin their 20s as head of their own household and with considerable material disadvantage.     

Measuring Women’s Empowerment at Household Level Using DHS Data of Four Southeast Asian Countries

Women’s empowerment is important indicator for social development, yet there has not been a practical index on women’s empowerment at household level, especially for developing countries. Previous studies have suggested a theoretical framework of four components of women’s empowerment at household level: women’s labor force participation, women’s household decision-making, women’s use of contraception and women’s education. In this study, a measurement of women’s empowerment is developed using principal axis factoring with micro data from the Demographic and Health Surveys on four Southeast Asia countries including Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines and Timor-Leste. The results has consistently found three factors including women’s labor force participation, women’s education and women’s household decision-making that affect individual women’s empowerment. Nevertheless, despite the literature suggested by other studies, very little evidence was found to support family planning use as one of the components of women’s empowerment in these countries. The new measurement also provides a solution for the problem of lacking household level data in current indices. More importantly, the construction of the measurement is practically applicable in more than 90 developing countries where the Demographic and Health Surveys are available.     

Transforming mental health services to address gender disparities in depression risk factors

ABSTRACT

Depression in older women is a significant and growing problem. Women who experience life stressors across the life span are at higher risk for developing depression than their male counterparts. Research has focused primarily on identifying and reducing the symptoms of depression for the general aging population, disregarding gender-specific differences in the foundational causes of depression. This article examines how women’s unique experiences influence the development of depression and highlights how the current mental health system could better meet older women’s needs by moving from a gender-neutral model to one that emphasizes women’s experiences.     

Women’s experiences of intrapartum care and recovery in relation to planned caesarean sections: An interview study

Problem and backgroundApproximately one third of women in high-income countries give birth by caesarean section (CS). Better understanding of women’s CS experiences is vital in identifying opportunities to improve women’s experience of care.AimTo identify opportunities for service improvement by investigating Australian women’s experiences of care and recovery when undergoing a planned CS.MethodsQualitative telephone interview study with 33 women who had a planned CS at one of eight Australian hospitals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit women’s perspectives, experiences and beliefs surrounding their planned CS. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively using NVivo-12.ResultsWomen’s experiences of CS care were mixed. Regarding intrapartum care, many women stated their planned CS was a positive experience compared to a previous emergency CS, but was scarier and more medicalised compared to vaginal birth. CS recovery was viewed more negatively, with women feeling unprepared. They reported disliking how CS recovery restricted their role as a mother, wanting more time in hospital, and greater support and continuity of care.DiscussionWomen reported largely positive intrapartum experiences of planned CS but relatively negative experiences of CS recovery. They wished for time in hospital and support from staff during recovery, and continuity of care.ConclusionBy incorporating shared decision-making antenatally, clinicians can discuss women’s birth expectations with them and better prepare them for their planned CS and recovery.     

Job,family, and gender: Determinants of nonstandard work schedules among employed Americans in 1991

This study provides the most recent national estimates of the prevalence of employment during nonstandard hours (evenings, nights, or rotating hours) and on weekends. It also examines in a multivariate context the relevance of job and family characteristics as determinants of such employment, separately for men and for women. The findings support the contention that the demand for employment during nonstandard hours and weekends is pervasive throughout the occupational hierarchy, but particularly in service occupations and in personal service industries and for both men and .women. Gender differences exist, however, in the relevance of family factors. Being married reduces women’s but not men’s likelihood of employment during nonstandard hours, and the presence of children affects women’s but not men’s hours and days of employment. (The direction of the effect for women depends on the children’s age.) Implications of these findings are discussed.