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1.
The Quality of Life in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Asia Barometer Survey of 2,000 respondents reveals that substantial majorities of the Chinese people experience feelings
of happiness, enjoyment, and accomplishment. In fact, the proportion experiencing these indicators of a high quality of life
are larger in China than in some more prosperous countries. Favorable historical comparison, sustained high economic growth,
satisfaction with interpersonal life, and a high percentage of married people are among the explanations for China’s prevalence
of subjective well-being. The Chinese people’s high levels of satisfaction with their interpersonal, material, and nonmaterial
life domains, their positive assessments of their relative living standards, and their high rate of marriage are three direct
positive influences on subjective well-being. Value priorities and other demographic characteristics also have indirect bearings
on subjective well-being in China. 相似文献
2.
In the context of decades of successful economic reforms in Ghana, this study investigates whether ethnicity influences economic
well-being (perceived and actual) among Ghanaians at the micro-level. Drawing on Afro-barometer 2008 data, the authors employs
logistic and multiple regression techniques to explore the relative effect of ethnicity on economic well-being. Results demonstrate
that ethnicity is an important determinant of both measures of people’s economic well-being (perceived and actual) in Ghana.
Ethnicity tends to have both negative and positive effect on economic well-being among different ethnic groups and different
sub-sample. For instance, for three ethnic groups (Akans, Ga-Adangbes and Ewe/Anglo), ethnicity predicts lower level of economic
well-being for rural residents, whereas for Akans, it minimizes the risk of deprivation in the urban setting. Findings from
this study do not support the idea that ethnicity may be less relevant in shaping people’s well-being in an era of economic
reforms in a society like that of Ghana. Detailed policy implications of the study are discussed emphasizing the need to develop
ethnic-specific development programs to complement the on-going reforms as part of the country’s decentralization efforts. 相似文献
3.
Takayoshi Kusago 《Social indicators research》2007,81(1):79-102
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been utilized by academics and policy makers to indicate the economic well-being of the people.
However, economic growth measures cannot capture fully the overall well-being of the people. This paper has tested quality
of economic growth in Japan after World War II as to whether it has brought about positive outcome in the well-being of its
citizens. Comparison between GDP and GPI (Genuine Progress Index) has revealed that GDP does not fit as well with people’s
life satisfaction trend as GPI. Prefecture-based rankings on GDP, Human Development Index (HDI) and Life Satisfaction have
shown that there are clear gaps between objective measures and subjective measures to indicate the overall well-being of the
people. Also, analysis on major determinants for people’s life satisfaction reveals that older people, women, non-employed
people, and those who live in subsidized housings felt satisfied with their life. 相似文献
4.
Neil T. Higgs 《Social indicators research》2007,81(2):331-356
South Africa has a Gini co-efficient of 62, one of the world’s highest (Finmark: Project FinScope 2004 and 2005, FinMark Trust, Johannesburg). Hence, measures of wealth are ubiquitous social indicators in South Africa. However, a growing emphasis in government towards measurable service delivery targets and remedial action to redress the inequalities of our past makes the reliable measurement of people’s quality of life in greater depth in quantitative terms an imperative.We have developed a simple framework to measure people’s quality of life in key domains that extend beyond that simply of wealth, using composite indices to allow progress to be tracked and to make valid comparisons across our diverse population. Termed the Everyday Quality of Life Index (EQLi), it comprises a suite of measures encompassing socio-economic status (with special reference to poverty), urbanisation, health (nutrition, exercise and fitness), stress/pressure, quality of the environment, satisfaction of human needs, connectivity, optimism, subjective well-being (happiness, after Diener and Lucas: 2000, in M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland (eds.), Handbook of Emotions. (2nd ed) (Guilford, New York)), and the overall measure of well-being, the EQLi itself.The initial framework was developed from a structured questionnaire administered to a probability sample of 2000 South African adults in 2002. From this, a 52-item shortlist was derived to create the series of measures. This has been tested and refined in three subsequent annual studies, each of 3500 people across urban and rural South Africa. In 2004, items involving work as well as determining the balance of skills and challenges at work using the concept of “flow” (Csikszentmihalyi: 1990, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (Harper and Row, New York)) were added.This paper outlines the rationale behind the selection and development of these measures, describes the EQL of South Africans using these and other key measures and concludes with implications for policy-makers and service providers in South Africa. Some marketing implications are also given: there is a growing emphasis worldwide on corporate social investment initiatives and, particularly in South Africa, on community upliftment and development – poverty alleviation and improving the lives of the disadvantaged (“people” rather than “consumers”). Further, people’s well-being affects how they react to marketing activities. 相似文献
5.
Katarina Boye 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):509-525
Absolute as well as relative hours of paid and unpaid work may influence well-being. This study investigates whether absolute
hours spent on paid work and housework account for the lower well-being among women as compared to men in Europe, and whether
the associations between well-being and hours of paid work and housework differ by gender attitudes and social context. Attitudes
towards women’s and men’s paid work and housework obligations may influence how beneficial or detrimental it is to spend time
on these activities, as may social comparison of one’s own hours to the number of hours commonly spent among similar others.
A group of 13,425 women and men from 25 European countries are analysed using country fixed-effects models. The results suggest
that while men’s well-being appears to be unaffected by hours of paid work and housework, women’s well-being increases with
increased paid working hours and decreases with increasing housework hours. Gender differences in time spent on paid work
and housework account for a third of the European gender difference in well-being and are thus one reason that women have
lower well-being than men have. Gender attitudes do not appear to modify the associations between hours and well-being, but
there is a tendency for women’s well-being to be higher the less housework they do compared to other women in the same family
situation and country. However, absolute hours of paid work and housework appear to be more important to women’s well-being
than relative hours.
相似文献
Katarina BoyeEmail: |
6.
Ming-Chang Tsai 《Social indicators research》2007,81(1):103-126
The prevailing theorizing of globalization’s influence of human well-being suggests to assess both the favorable and unfavorable
outcomes. This study formulates a dialectical model, adopts a comprehensive globalization measure and uses a three-wave panel
data during 1980–2000 to empirically test direct and indirect effects of global flows’ human consequences. The outcomes from
random effect modeling reveal significant positive impacts of political globalization, whereas economic and social globalization
do not generate favorable influences when development level and regional differences are operated as controls. The overall
globalization index is found to generate expected favorable influence on an overall human development index. Within developing
countries, globalization’s human influence was not as significant as in industrial countries, however. Several hypotheses
about globalization’s potential negative effects through increasing societal instabilities and reducing state power and social
spending are not supported in analysis. It is concluded that globalization identified by increased global flows and exchanges
contributes rather than hampers progress in human welfare. 相似文献
7.
Tor Georg Jakobsen 《Social indicators research》2011,101(3):323-340
This article examines the link between regime types, social expenditure, and welfare attitudes. By employing data on 19 countries
taken from the World Values Survey, the main aim is to see to what degree the institutions of a country affect the attitudes
of its citizens. According to Esping-Andersen (The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990) welfare regimes can be classified into Liberal, Conservative, and Social Democratic categories. With this as my point of
departure, I put forward two research questions: the first concerns the direct influence of regime type on people’s attitudes;
the second seeks to trace the contours of the regime types by arguing that both social expenditure and welfare attitudes are
products of a country’s institutional arrangements. These questions are answered through regression modelling and by examining
the interplay between welfare attitudes, social expenditure, and welfare regimes. First, we see that there are significant
differences in aggregated attitudes between countries belonging to the Liberal and the Conservative regimes, with the former’s
citizens holding more rightist views than those of the latter. This is explained by the history and organization of welfare
benefits of the two variations of Esping-Andersen’s classification. Second, by graphing welfare attitudes against social expenditure
the outline of the three regime types mentioned above may be seen. Similar correspondence is not found with regards to an
Eastern European category. All in all, this study renders some support for the regime argument. 相似文献
8.
In Australia, wellbeing has been used as an assessment of how young people are doing by health researchers, youth researchers
and psychologists. The concept ‚wellbeing’ is increasingly applied to young people in their late teens and early twenties
with little discussion of young people’s perspectives. Using quantitative measures of subjective wellbeing as well as qualitative
interviews to allow young people to discuss the concept of wellbeing, this study explored the levels and meanings of wellbeing
among 91 young people (aged 16–24) from a rural center in south-east Australia. Key components of wellbeing for young people
were found to include relationships, psychological dimensions and personal issues while family and ‚pressure’ impacted wellbeing.
For most young people, wellbeing was multidimensional, holistic and centred around their own lives. Findings suggest that
the Deiner et al. satisfaction with life scale was an appropriate measure of young people’s wellbeing but that health, sociology
of youth and psychological approaches all contribute to young people’s perspectives of wellbeing and need to be incorporated
into a more holistic measure of SWB for young people. 相似文献
9.
Role balance theory proposed that a well-organized self-system, rather than a salient hierarchy role, contributes to individual
psychological well-being. However, research on role balance focuses only on the intrapersonal process without regard for the
interpersonal process on the spouse’s well-being. Furthermore, pervious studies were all conducted in the East cultures (countries)
which lead to the doubt whether the theory could be applied into East cultures such as collectivism. Therefore, in this study,
we surveyed 204 dyads form Taiwan. Participants completed the Role Balance Scale and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The
Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the husband’s role balance
positively predicted his own and his wife’s marital satisfaction. Similarly, the wife’s role balance also had a positive effect
on her own and her husband’s marital satisfaction. These results suggest that the influence of role balance is bidirectional
within couples. Moreover, model comparisons demonstrated that the wife’s marital satisfaction was affected more by her own
role balance than by her husband’s role balance. Possible mechanisms, limitations and implications of this study are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Most studies that explore the impact of relative standing on subjective well-being use objective measures of the individual’s
relative position, such as the mean income of the reference group or the individual’s ranking in the relevant income distribution.
In this paper, using a new household survey from South Africa, we are able to derive subjective measures of relative standing,
as information is collected on individuals’ perceptions of where they rank in the income distribution. We find considerable differences between objective and subjective measures
of an individual’s relative ranking. Furthermore, our results suggest that an individual’s perceived relative status has a
significantly larger effect on subjective well-being than objective measures of relative status based on reported income.
We also examine the effects on subjective well-being of how individuals perceive their relative position in the income distribution
to have changed since childhood, and what they expect their relative position to be in the future. We find that future upward
mobility has a smaller effect than upward mobility compared to one’s past, suggesting that life satisfaction is influenced
more by what has been achieved than by anticipated achievements. 相似文献
11.
Po Keung Ip 《Social indicators research》2011,104(3):459-474
Discourses on Chinese folk happiness are often based on anecdotal narratives or qualitative analysis. Two traditional concepts
of happiness popular in Chinese culture are introduced. The paper constructs a concept of Chinese folk happiness on basis
of the findings of a scientific survey on the Taiwanese people regarding their concepts of well-being at nation and personal
levels. The survey has revealed that people’s concepts of well-being are consisted of a diversity of elements including political,
economic, social, and cultural factors, as well as health, family, job, and social relationships. The paper compares these
concepts with the traditional notions of Chinese folk happiness. 相似文献
12.
Theorizing indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ivar Frønes 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):5-23
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories.
Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking
and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures,
and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators
as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s
lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being,
arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being”
and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial
step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models. 相似文献
13.
Mental Health of Parents and Life Satisfaction of Children: A Within-Family Analysis of Intergenerational Transmission of Well-Being 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper addresses the extent to which there is an intergenerational transmission of mental health and subjective well-being
within families. Specifically it asks whether parents’ own mental distress influences their child’s life satisfaction, and
vice versa. Whilst the evidence on daily contagion of stress and strain between members of the same family is substantial,
the evidence on the transmission between parental distress and children’s well-being over a longer period of time is sparse.
We tested this idea by examining the within-family transmission of mental distress from parent to child’s life satisfaction,
and vice versa, using rich longitudinal data on 1,175 British youths. Results show that parental distress at year t − 1 is an important determinant of child’s life satisfaction in the current year. This is true for boys and girls, although
boys do not appear to be affected by maternal distress levels. The results also indicated that the child’s own life satisfaction
is related with their father’s distress levels in the following year, regardless of the gender of the child. Finally, we examined
whether the underlying transmission correlation is due to shared social environment, empathic reactions, or transmission via
parent–child interaction. 相似文献
14.
Peter D. Brandon 《Population research and policy review》2005,24(5):411-429
Considerable increases in the numbers of children living with grandparents have prompted concerns over their economic well-being
and grandparents’ use of welfare programs. Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, I profile the economic
well-being of children living with grandparents and estimate the likelihood of receiving two welfare programs: food stamps
and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Findings suggest that identifying the exact living arrangements of children
is pivotal to understanding differences in economic disadvantage and welfare receipt among children living with grandparents.
Although children in grandmother-only, no parent present families are the most likely to be poor, they are not the children
most likely to receive welfare. The children most likely to receive welfare live with their single mothers and grandparents
in three-generation households. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents a study of the relationship between the psychological well-being of Spanish adolescents from 12 to 16 years
old and the values they aspire to for the future (N = 1,618). Adolescents’ well-being is explored through (a) their satisfaction with 19 specific life domains, (b) the Personal
Well-Being Index (Cummins, Social Indicators Research, 43, 307−334, 1998) and (c) an item on overall satisfaction with life. The values they aspire to are explored by means of a list
of 23 personal qualities or values. Satisfaction domains and values aspired to have been grouped into dimensions using principal
component analysis (PCA). Boys scored significantly higher on the materialistic values dimension and the capacities and knowledge
related values dimension, while girls scored higher on the interpersonal relationship related values dimension. The youngest
adolescents scored higher on materialistic values, while the oldest scored higher on interpersonal relationships related values.
Such results are similar to those obtained in a previous study, using a shorter version of the lists of satisfaction domains
and of values aspired to and a sample of 8,995 adolescents and 4,381 of their parents from five different countries. In both
studies results suggest that values aspired to can be considered a well-being related construct. However, an important change
appears in the latest Spanish sample: Family values no longer fit with the interpersonal relationships related values dimension
in the PCA, and now function as a separate value dimension which shows no correlation with overall life satisfaction, the
PWI, or life satisfaction domains with the exception of family satisfaction. Interestingly, family values have also changed
their loading dimension in the PCA developed with the answers from a sample of parents about the values they aspire to for
their own child’s future (N = 723). Parents’ responses were compared with those of their own child, with concordances observed in about half of the families,
low discrepancies in about one third and high or very high discrepancies in about 20%. Although the results of this study
have their limitations, they suggest support for the hypothesis that important changes in values aspired to may be taking
place over a short period of time, consistent with the findings of changes in values in several countries (Inglehart, Modernization and postmodernization. Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), but apparently with no outstanding impact on adolescents’ well-being. 相似文献
16.
This paper argues that feelings of agency are linked to human well-being through a sequence of adaptive mechanisms that promote
human development, once existential conditions become permissive. In the first part, we elaborate on the evolutionary logic
of this model and outline why an evolutionary perspective is helpful to understand changes in values that give feelings of
agency greater weight in shaping human well-being. In the second part, we test the key links in this model with data from
the World Values Surveys using ecological regressions and multi-level models, covering some 80 societies worldwide. Empirically,
we demonstrate evidence for the following sequence: (1) in response to widening opportunities of life, people place stronger
emphasis on emancipative values, (2) in response to a stronger emphasis on emancipative values, feelings of agency gain greater
weight in shaping people’s life satisfaction, (3) in response to a greater impact of agency feelings on life satisfaction,
the level of life satisfaction itself rises. Further analyses show that this model is culturally universal because taking
into account the strength of a society’s western tradition does not render insignificant these adaptive linkages. Precisely
because of its universality, this is indeed a ‘human’ development model in a most general sense. 相似文献
17.
Self-Reported Fears as Indicators of Young Children’s Well-Being in Societal Change: A Cross-Cultural Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Merle Taimalu Anja Riitta Lahikainen Piia Korhonen Inger Kraav 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):51-78
Our main interest in this paper is in studying children’s well-being by using children themselves as informants and fear as
an indicator of insecurity from cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives. More specifically our paper documents the changes
in the content and prevalence of children’s fears in two neighboring countries, Finland and Estonia, during the last decade.
The study was carried out in 1993 and replicated in 2002/2003 in both countries with the random samples of total number of
420 five to six-year-old children (in Estonia 115 in 1993 and 91 in 2002; in Finland 105 and 109, respectively). For both
countries the decade in question was a period of social, political and economic transition including post-socialist transformation
in Estonia. Especially informationalization and globalization had a profound impact on the everyday life of parents and children.
The increase of insecurity among children in both countries was expected. Children’s fears were investigated by means of an
individual semi-structured and picture-aided interview. The most important findings are: the prevalence of children’s self-reported
fears has generally increased during the ten years, especially among the Estonian children. The most significant increase
was observed in both countries in fears of imagination-related things including television-related fears, fears of imagined
creatures and of nightmares parallel to children’s increased media-exposure in daily life. Despite the increase of␣general
welfare in both countries our results suggest the opposite tendency among young children; decrease of safety and increase
of insecurity. The level of children’s insecurity was higher in Estonian than in Finland at both times. It is noteworthy that
some fears of young children are ‚universal’ (fear of getting lost, fear of darkness, fear of being alone), while some fears
are more context dependent (television-induced fears, fear of strange people). Young children proved to be competent informants
of their condition and well able to provide essential and invaluable information about their problems and well-being.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
18.
The aim of this study was to test a fundamental assumption concerning 27 of the most frequently used measures to assess aspects
of the quality of people’s lives, e.g., measures concerning happiness, satisfaction with life as a whole, with the quality
of one’s life, with domains of life (job, marriage, friendships), and with perceived gaps between what one has compared to
what one wants, what one’s neighbor has and so on. The assumption is that such measures are sensitive to changes in the circumstances
of one’s life measured by self-perceptions of change and by self-assessments of the net balance of salient positive and negative
events one has experienced in some specified period of time. A total of 462 residents of British Columbia distributed across
3 different panels completed mailed-out questionnaires at 3 points in time in 2005, 06 and 07. Among other things, we found
that measuring year-by-year changes in respondents’ life circumstances by reports of their own perception and experienced
life events, on average the values of the 27 variables changed in ways that were consistent with respondents’ reported changes
in 49.7% of the cases examined. The success rate of the assumption using self-perceptions of change (61.7%) was much higher
than the success rate using a net balance of experienced events (37.3%). 相似文献
19.
We develop an extended version of Roemer’s Equality of Opportunity (EOp) criterion that accounts for income differentials
between as well as within types, where types are defined by circumstances that are beyond people’s control (parental education,
in this study). A microeconometric model of labour supply in Italy is employed to identify income tax-transfer rules that
are optimal according to the extended EOp criterion. Overall, the results do not conform to the perhaps common expectation
that the more conventional Equality of Outcome criterion is more supportive of “interventionist” (redistributive) policies
than the EOp approach. 相似文献
20.
There is ongoing discussion in the scientific literature about the need for a more theoretical foundation to underpin quality
of life (QoL) measurement. This paper applied Keyes et al.’s [J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 82 (2002) 1007] model of well-being as a framework to assess whether respondents (n = 136 students) focus on elements of subjective well-being (SWB), such as satisfaction and happiness, or on elements of psychological
well-being (PWB), such as meaning and personal growth, when making individual QoL (IQoL) judgments using the Schedue of the
Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL). The Keyes et al.’s model was confirmed and explained 41% of the variance
in SEIQoL scores. Both SWB and PWB were correlated with the SEIQoL Index Score and SWB was found to be an important mediating
variable in the relationship between PWB and SEIQoL. When analyzing different well-being combinations, respondents with high
SWB/high PWB had significantly higher SEIQoL scores than did those with low SWB/low PWB. Respondents with high PWB/high SWB
had higher SEIQoL scores than did those with high PWB/low SWB. Longitudinal studies in different patient groups are needed
to explore the dynamic relationship between IQoL and well-being. Further investigation of the relationship between PWB and
SWB with other instruments purporting to measure QoL would contribute to an enhanced understanding of the underlying nature
of QoL. 相似文献