共享单车用户机会主义行为的演化博弈分析

目前为止,共享单车用户的机会主义行为是共享单车能否发展的关键制约因素之一。基于此,尝试用演化博弈理论建立共享单车企业与用户间的演化博弈模型发掘用户的机会主义行为动因及利益相关者作用。研究表明:用户收益是其行为选择的决定性因素,用户机会主义行为收益大于规范行为收益是机会主义行为的产生根源;共享单车企业的激励约束可对用户行为起到调节作用,约束强度将对用户机会主义行为的程度产生负向影响。最后,针对演化博弈模型分析结果,提出了相应管理对策建议。     

协同创新、知识溢出的演化博弈机制研究

基于演化博弈理论,研究企业、大学和科研机构间协同创新过程的"演化稳定策略"。通过设计知识共享模型分析知识投入与知识溢出对协同创新的影响并进行仿真检验。研究认为,长期的协同创新中"合作"策略是参与方采用的"演化稳定策略";当参与方数量不同时,小群体一方率先实现"合作"策略稳定,群体数量相近时双方采用"合作"策略的收敛速度趋于一致;增加知识溢出有利于提高协同创新效率与稳定性。在理论上解释了协同创新博弈的合作策略稳定性,为产学研合作的机制设计提供决策参考。     

云制造创新生态系统知识共享激励的演化博弈分析

为了有效解决云制造创新生态系统知识共享不通畅的问题,分析不同情况下,关键因素对创新主体策略选择的影响及演化路径。基于有限理性和利益最大化原则,运用演化博弈理论,分析云制造服务集成商与供应商在知识共享激励过程中的策略选择,得出不同参数限制条件下的演化均衡策略,并对知识共享激励这一动态合作过程进行演化稳定性分析。研究表明：①云制造服务集成商的知识存量转化的收益、知识共享意愿、对供应商的信任程度、激励成本越大,云制造服务供应商的知识吸收能力越大,系统越倾向于向(不激励,参与)的路径演化;②云制造服务供应商的知识共享成本越大,系统越倾向于向(激励,不参与)的路径演化;③云制造服务供应商缴纳的罚金越大,系统越倾向于向(激励,参与)的路径演化。依据以上研究结论,提出了一些提升云制造创新生态系统知识共享绩效的对策建议,为云制造创新生态系统成员间的知识共享提供了理论指导。     

面向价值网络的企业协同竞争博弈模型研究

运用演化博弈理论的方法,分析价值网络模式下企业的协同竞争机制,构建企业主体间协同竞争的演化博弈模型,指出价值网络模式下企业协同竞争行为的博弈过程及特点,揭示出系统的初始状态、发展阶段及利益分配机制对演化博弈过程的影响机理。     

供需双方网络渠道选择的演化博弈分析

利用演化博弈方法研究了供需双方网络渠道选择(指在移动网络和地面固网间选择,下文简称‘网络选择’)的演化过程,建立了供需双方渠道选择的演化博弈模型,分析了供需双方在地面固网和移动网络渠道两种策略下的选择行为,根据复制动态方程得到了双方渠道选择行为的演化规律,分析给出了各种情况下的演化稳定策略,并提出了探寻移动网络渠道建设发展路径的相应建议,最后通过数值分析证明了结论的科学性。     

企业外部招聘行为的演化博弈分析

当企业对拥有一定技术、知识和能力的员工需求远大于当前的人力资源供给,那么就需要招聘新员工,企业必须吸纳必要的员工来确保整个组织的持续运作。根据招聘对象来源的不同,可将招聘分为外部招聘与内部招聘,由于外部招聘存在着信息不对称,招聘的过程亦是双方博弈的过程。基于此,本文应用演化博弈理论,构建了企业外部招聘行为的演化博弈模型,通过局部稳定分析及绘制系统相图,揭示了企业外部招聘行为的演化进程,并探讨了系统演化方向的控制因素及可能的控制方法。     

基于心智模型的恐怖主义袭击扩展式演化博弈分析

政府反恐措施与恐怖分子袭击手段存在着相互观察、适应性演化的过程。本文首先构建了政府作为先行动者、恐怖分子作为后行动者的斯塔克伯格博弈模型,进一步建立了恐怖袭击问题的扩展式演化博弈模型。由于扩展式演化博弈的均衡分析需要考虑代际内和代际间不同层次的信念学习,造成了演化分析的复杂性。本文将"心智模型"概念引入到演化博弈,采取了心智模型演化解的分析方法,得出了简化后的演化均衡解。最后,结合新疆墨玉县6.28暴恐事件进行算例分析,比较怀特流形演化解和心智模型演化解的差异。心智模型演化解的结果表明,根据恐怖分子群体中选择袭击比例是否高于临界值,政府策略收敛到防御或者不防御。该求解方法通过将普遍接受的社会规范引入到演化过程分析,不仅简化了怀特流形的分析过程,而且均衡解展示了更为丰富的、更为切合实际管理问题的演化特征。     

创新生态系统主体技术策略研究——基于领先企业与跟随企业的演化博弈与仿真

创新生态系统内主体基于知识的博弈不仅关乎个体的生存和发展，也影响创新生态系统的演进.文章从群体演化博弈视角，研究了差异性环境下创新生态系统主体创新保护策略及跟随策略选择问题.先后构建非对称演化博弈模型和多智能体仿真模型，分析了制度、生态、技术等因素对创新生态系统演化均衡稳定性及演化稳定策略的影响.研究发现：专利运营及维权成本、救济力度、政府补贴、技术替代与模仿相对难度是影响系统演化均衡的关键因素；基于上述因素形成的不同情境，系统涌现四种均衡状态：(专利，模仿)、(专利，替代)、(技术秘密，模仿)、主体策略规律性持续波动；仿真模型呈现随机波动，在趋势上符合演化稳定分析结果；合作网络密集度高、学习搜索范围广时，由于主体交互性增强，决策不确定性下降、有效性提高，各群体长期演化趋向于平均收益期望大的策略.信息模糊度高时，决策不确定性及系统波动幅度增加，群体间策略交互制约作用减弱，系统长期演化偏离演化稳定分析结果.     

供应链中信用交易的演化博弈分析

本文运用演化博弈理论研究了供应链中信用交易的演化过程,建立了供应商和零售商信用交易的演化博弈模型。分析了两类个体在守信与失信两种策略下的行为特征,根据复制者动态方程得到了两者的行为演化规律和政府失信惩罚机制下的行为演化和演化稳定策略,给出了从根本上消灭失信动机的惩罚区间,分析了政府失信惩罚机制的有效性,探寻国内信用制度建设的发展路径。最后,通过数值分析证明了结论的正确性。     

基于知识贡献考核和效用的组织个体知识共享博弈分析与仿真

本文综合考虑了组织个体在组织知识管理策略——知识贡献绩效考核影响下的个体知识共享行为,建立个体在管理策略动态变化下的共享行为模型,将个体知识共享演化的变化抽象为一个博弈过程,分析纳什均衡存在,构建组织个体知识共享效用函数,综合分析在组织知识贡献考核及个体效用双重条件下,个体知识共享博弈后不会出现“搭便车”现象.在此基础上,进行仿真模拟,探讨组织知识共享与组织激励投入、激励程度、激励差异化及个体效用差异的影响规律.本研究将为组织知识管理策略的制定和控制提供理论依据和指导.     

一种面向知识共享的虚拟社区模型框架

首先在分析知识共享影响因素的基础上,指出了虚拟社区是实现知识共享的有效方式之一;然后通过分析虚拟社区的内涵及其组织结构,进一步给出了一种面向知识共享的虚拟社区模型框架,并分析了该模型框架中表示层、应用层和存储层3个层面的组成部件及其功能;最后给出了实现虚拟社区的措施。所给出的虚拟社区模型框架,对于构建虚拟社区和实现有效的知识共享具有借鉴指导意义。     

网状式企业集群中知识共享关系演化的仿真分析

采用社会网络分析方法,建立了企业集群中企业间的知识共享关系网络模型;在提取企业个体特征的基础上,分析了网状式集群企业网络中企业间知识共享关系演化的动态特征,建立了企业间知识共享关系状态转移方程;研究了各种影响因素对企业间知识共享关系产生作用的机理。     

False foe? When and how code switching practices can support knowledge sharing in multinational corporations

The operating environment of multinational corporations (MNC) is multilingual, adding significant complexity to knowledge-sharing interactions between employees. In this paper, we explore how knowledge sharing in MNCs is influenced by code switching, or shifting between languages during interaction. Previous international business research has mostly described code switching as a behavior that has a negative impact on knowledge sharing by creating distrust and exclusion. Our case study of a major Finnish MNC from the perspective of faultline theory shows that in situations where organizational norms and routines help limit the potential impacts of code switching on subgroup formation and inter-subgroup animosity, it can also aid knowledge sharing by (i) supporting the development and maintenance of key technical vocabulary, (ii) enhancing inclusion in knowledge-sharing interactions, and (iii) supporting knowledge contextualization processes. Thus, code switching is not necessarily just a form of linguistic interference, but it can also be intended—and often functions—as a strategic behavior that draws on multiple languages to build efficient and successful knowledge-sharing interactions.     

对员工发展投入值得吗?——发展型人力资源实践对员工知识共享行为及离职意愿的影响

为解决中国企业对员工发展投入的两难困境,本文对中国72家企业的632名知识型员工进行调查,分析了对员工的发展投入与员工的知识共享行为以及离职意向的关系。实证研究表明,知识型企业对员工发展投入的顾虑是多余的,由职业发展、培训机会以及绩效评价构成的发展型人力资源实践不仅可以增加知识型员工的知识共享行为,且不会导致高的离职率,反而能够有效降低员工的离职倾向。研究也发现,组织支持感在发展型人力资源实践与员工知识共享行为和离职意向关系中起部分中介作用。同时,揭示了对员工发展投入与员工行为之间的作用机制,启示我国知识型企业要消除顾虑,积极对员工发展进行投入。     

Developing talent with an integrated knowledge-sharing mechanism: an exploratory investigation from the Chinese human resource managers' perspective

Drawing from knowledge sharing and social exchange theory, the paper explores the connection between talent development and knowledge-sharing mechanisms. Based on a preliminary investigation of reviewing the learning experience and career development of 20 Chinese HR practitioners, the findings confirm that incorporating a knowledge-sharing socialization mechanism with talent development programs has a nurturing and supporting effect on learning and development. The mechanism can be used to facilitate organization-wide knowledge sharing and support both organization-led and self-managed talent development programs.     

公司隐性知识共享的经济学分析

知识共享尤其是隐性知识的共享在公司竞争优势的形成中发挥着重要作用。分析了隐性知识共享的障碍和条件,并从博弈论的视角阐述了隐性知识共享的微观机理;通过一个案例探讨了隐性知识共享的效用。最后,设计了公司隐性知识共享的机制。     

From Global Knowledge Management to Internal Electronic Fences: Contradictory Outcomes of Intranet Development

This paper considers the adoption of intranet technology as a vehicle for encouraging organization-wide knowledge sharing within a large, global bank. Ironically, the outcome of intranet adoption was that, rather than integrate individuals across this particular organization, the intranet actually helped to reinforce the existing functional and national boundaries with 'electronic fences'. This could be partly explained by the historical emphasis on decentralization within the bank, which shaped and limited the use of the intranet as a centralizing, organization-wide tool. This is possible because the intranet can be described as an interactive and decentred technology, which therefore has the potential for multiple interpretations and effects. Thus, while the intranet is often promoted as a technology that enables processes of communication, collaboration and social coordination it also has the potential to disable such processes. Moreover, it is argued that to develop an intranet for knowledge-sharing requires a focus on three distinctive facets of development. These different facets may require very different, sometimes contradictory, sets of strategies for blending the technology and the organization, thus making it extremely difficult for a project team to work effectively on all three facets simultaneously. This was evidenced by the fact that none of the independent intranet-implementation projects considered actually managed to encourage knowledge-sharing as intended, even within the relatively homogeneous group for which it was designed. Broader knowledge-sharing across the wider organizational context simply did not occur even among those who were working on what were defined as 'knowledge management' projects. A paradox is that knowledge-sharing via intranet technologies may be most difficult to achieve in contexts where knowledge management is the key objective.     

‘Employees response to corporate social responsibility: Exploring the role of employees’ collectivist orientation’

Since the extant literature largely ignores the conditions that moderate the impact of CSR on employees’ related outcomes, we examine the moderating effect of employees’ collectivist orientation on the relationship of CSR. Most specifically, this study explores how individual employee differences moderate the influence of CSR on employee behavior. Using self-reports of 378 employees we examined how employees’ collectivist orientation moderates the relationship of CSR on knowledge sharing behavior through organizational identification. Three of the four components (i.e., community, employees, and consumers) of CSR positively affect employees’ organizational identification and knowledge-sharing behavior. However, while the effects of community-related CSR actions on the employees’ outcomes are stronger for individualistic employees, the effect of employee-related CSR actions on organizational identification is stronger for collectivist employees. The findings are unique in the sense that we show empirically that different employees are influenced by different types of CSR actions. The study therefore suggests that the internal affects of CSR activities depend on the nature of the employees witnessing them.     

Professional Associations as Communities of Practice: Exploring the Boundaries of Ethics and Compliance and Corporate Social Responsibility

For more than a decade, scholars and practitioners have noted the disconnection between E&C and CSR practices in US corporations and called for their alignment. There is scant literature on why this lack of alignment persists. This article applies communities of practice theory to illuminate the separate learning trajectories that the E&C and CSR fields in the US have taken over the past twenty five years, anchored by their respective professional associations. This article provides an important perspective on the role that n, boundaries, ethics and compliance, corporate social responsibility communities of practice play in reifying the knowledge and competencies within E&C and CSR, and the boundaries to collaboration that exist between their managers and practices. It also calls attention to the fact that alignment is not the only alternate trajectory that these practices and their communities may take in the future, and five distinct evolutionary paths are explored.     

考虑公众参与环境行为的公共健康两方博弈演化模型研究

公众参与环境行为是深化生态文明改革的重要组成部分,对化石能源消费排放引发的公共健康水平有着不可忽视的影响。将“公众参与”作为博弈模型的主要策略参数,“政府”与企业设为公共健康影响主要主体。运用演化博弈构建了公共健康影响主体交互机制博弈模型,基于复制动态方程原理与问卷调查数值仿真方法,详尽分析了公共健康主体各相关要素交互演化路径的变化快慢。研究结果表明：模型有{监管,不转型},{监管,转型}两个演化稳定策略。公众参与环境治理程度以及公众自身健康关心度对企业能源转型和政府监管演化路径有显著正向影响,同时与“政府”和企业自身特征相关;公共健康损失赔偿大小是政府监管与企业实行能源转型的重要因素;政府监管知识掌握程度、能源政策执行力、企业能源转型成本大小及额外收益极大影响公共健康主体演化路径;学习型“政府”的监管更能有效加快企业能源转型。同时发现,只有各主体参数共同改变,其中公众参与环境行为群体达90%以上时,公共健康损失才会显著下降;单一主体不能有效作用于公共健康水平;目前,{政府不监管,实行能源转型}这一最理想演化博弈策略在我国国情下还未出现。本文为激发公众参与环境行为、助推企业能源转型与提升公共健康政策的制定提供了新的视角。