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1.
This paper constructs a two-country migration model in the lines of Galor (1986), in which the world population consists of individuals of two types who have different time preferences. Production uses three inputs: mobile labour, immobile capital and land. It is shown that both countries are necessarily inhabited by agents of both types and exhibit equal density of population and equal interest rate at the steady state equilibrium of the integrated economy. The steady state welfare implications of international labour migration are studied.This paper has been written during Philippe Michel's visit at CORE, September 1994. Earlier drafts of this paper have been presented at the meeting Journées d'étude générations imbriquées (Marseille, November 24–26, 1994), at the ESPE conference (Lisbon, June 1–3, 1995) and at the EEA annual meeting (Prag, September 1–3, 1995). Comments by participants are gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to Stéphane Déo, Kamhon Kan, Pierre Pestieau, Christoph Schmidt and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno 相似文献
2.
This paper presents a two-country migration model, following Galor (1986), in which the world population consists of two
types individuals. Individuals with a high (low) degree of altruism give to their children a high (low) level of bequest.
Production uses three inputs: immobile land, mobile labour, and capital. Capital mobility is linked to labour mobility since
individuals move with their inheritance. The model shows that countries are homothetic in the post-migration equilibrium with
equal factor prices and equal densities of population. Migration flows are bilateral and the number of each type of migrants
is uniquely determined. In some cases, migration leads to a Pareto improvement in both countries.
Received: 8 July 1999/Accepted: 7 April 2000 相似文献
3.
Emmanuel Thibault 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(2):391-407
This paper examines the consequences of labor immigration in an OLG economy in which agents have an elastic labor supply
and differ with respect to degrees of altruism and rates of time preference. It focuses on three substantive questions. First,
how do immigrants influence the bequest motive of altruistic natives? Second, what impact do immigrants have on the labor
supply of natives? Finally, how does immigration affect the long-run welfare of both altruistic and non altruistic natives?
Received: 25 November 1999/Accepted: 07 April 2000 相似文献
4.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the process of regional convergence within the framework of an overlapping generations
model in which the engine of growth is the accumulation of human capital. In particular, we consider different education funding
systems and compare their performance in terms of growth rates and pace of convergence between two heterogeneous regions.
The analysis suggests that the choice of a particular education system incorporates a possible trade-off between long run
growth rate and short run convergence. In such choice, the initial capital stock and the extent of regional human capital
discrepancy appear as central variables.
Received: 27 January 1999/Accepted: 16 April 1999 相似文献
5.
Time preference, international migration, and social security 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Volker Meier 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(1):127-146
This paper analyzes both the formation of long-run migration incentives and the consequences of a regime change from “autarky”
to “free migration” in an overlapping-generations framework with two countries. Under autarky the countries may differ with
respect to their aggregate savings rate or with respect to their pension-wage ratio. It is shown that an individual prefers
to live in a country where the capital-labor ratio is close to the Golden Rule level and where his characteristics are relatively
scarce. Both the migration incentives and the consequences of free migration are determined by these two effects.
Received: 2 March 1998/Accepted: 10 February 1999 相似文献
6.
The effects of development on migration: Theoretical issues and new empirical evidence 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Empirical research on the determinants of emigration from the LDCs has so far given little emphasis to the complex relationship
of development and migration. Since the beginning of the 1990s several arguments have been put forth which hint at the possibility
that in the early stages of development economic progress might lead to more migration, even if income differentials to the
potential destination regions decrease. This paper presents these arguments and tests them for the case of migration to Germany
from 86 Asian and African countries from 1981 to 1995. The results confirm the importance of financial restrictions on migration,
migration networks, and changes in the societal structure of the sending countries as well as the existence of a home preference.
The estimations also control for the political situation in the home countries and for institutional measures in the host
country.
Received: 18 May 1998/Accepted: 6 March 2000 相似文献
7.
This paper analyses the dynamics of migratory flows and growth in a developing economy. We show that when workers freely
choose their location, some natives can rationally decide to return to their home country after they have accumulated a certain
amount of knowledge abroad, while some prefer to stay permanently in the same economy (either at home or abroad). We point
out that worker mobility can have an expansionary effect on the developing economy. Moreover, we show that in the long-run,
as the sending economy develops, fewer natives are likely to emigrate and more migrants are likely to return.
Received: 7 December 2000/Accepted: 25 April 2001 相似文献
8.
Pietro Senesi 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(2):389-394
This paper presents a model where aggregate consumption depends on both the level of wealth and the age structure of population.
The explicit consideration of an endogenous rate of time preference permits to analyze the important role of population ageing
as a determinant of aggregate saving.
Received: 23 October 2001/Accepted: 13 February 2002
I would like to thank an anonymous referee for his comments. Financial support from CNR and MURST is gratefully acknowledged.
Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献
9.
Estimating intrahousehold allocation in a collective model with household production 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thomas Aronsson Sven-Olov Daunfeldt Magnus Wikström 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(4):569-584
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the intra-family distribution of income and the individual demand for leisure and
household production from Swedish cross-sectional household data. As a basis for the analysis, we use a collective model where
each individual is characterized by his or her own utility function and divides total time between leisure, household production
and market work. For the purpose of comparison, we also estimate a version that is consistent with a more traditional model
of labor supply, the unitary model.
Received: 14 April 2000/Accepted: 12 January 2001 相似文献
10.
Saving behaviour and earnings uncertainty: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alessandra Guariglia 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(4):619-634
For the first time, this paper uses a panel data set, the British Household Panel Survey, to analyse saving behaviour in
Britain. One objective is to test the precautionary saving hypothesis, according to which households save to self-insure against
uncertainty. Our results show that in accordance with this hypothesis, various measures of uncertainty based on earnings variability
have a statistically significant effect on households' saving decisions. Moreover, in accordance with the life cycle model,
households save more if they expect their financial situation to deteriorate.
Received: 15 June 1999/Accepted: 4 January 2001 相似文献
11.
Jan Ekberg 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(3):411-430
The immigrants' age structure and labour market situation are major determinants for their net contribution to the public sector. During the 50s, 60s and the 70s the immigrants' net contributions gave positive income effects for the native Swedes. Nowadays there are negative income effects due to the deteriorating employment situation among the immigrants. The yearly positive or negative income effects have at most been 1–2% of the gross national product. A change in the immigrants' employment rate by 1 percentage unit will change their yearly net contribution to the public sector by 0.1% of the gross national product. Received: 2 February 1996/Accepted: 28 July 1998 相似文献
12.
On human capital formation with exit options 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We explore the relationship between economic volatility and human capital formation within a context of migration. We show
that increased variability may raise the average educational level of the population even after netting out expected migration.
In particular, we demonstrate that this is the case when individuals' abilities and the economy-wide shock are uniformly distributed.
We thank Frédéric Docquier, Pascal Lévy-Garboua, Abraham Lioui, and two anonymous referees for their comments.
Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献
13.
Durkin JT 《Journal of population economics》1998,11(2):273-291
This paper analyzes the welfare effects of immigration and its subsequent effect on ethnic diversity in a model featuring
human capital spillovers which depend on the degree of ethnic heterogeneity, variation rates of time preference across individuals
and endogenous levels of immigration and assimilation. In the model, an increase in ethnic diversity reduces the spillovers
effect for the majority. Nonetheless, immigration can be welfare improving for the majority ethnic group even if it increases
the degree of diversity as long as it raises the average human capital level and/or growth rate by increasing the proportion
of people with low rates of time preference. However, if an economy is too homogenous, it will not be able to attract immigrants.
Finally, if the level of immigration is not too high, then immigration also raises the net benefits to assimilation which
leads to a more homogenous economy.
Received: 18 February 1997 / Accepted: 16 July 1997 相似文献
14.
We analyse the profile of potential emigrants from Albania using data from the Central and Eastern Europe Eurobarometer in
1992. Respondents were asked to rate on a four-point scale the likelihood that they would go to live in Western Europe. Our
results show that intention to emigrate is correlated positively with males, education and certain occupations, and negatively
with age. There is little relation between emigration and income. Those who support the introduction of a free market in Albania
are also more likely to emigrate than those who do not.
Received: 24 August 1998/Accepted: 17 April 2000 相似文献
15.
Net contributions to the public sector budget in Sweden are investigated using large samples of foreign born and native born. The accounts build on various assumptions including that expenditures on public consumption are allocated according to the age of the person. The results indicate that during the period 1983 to 1992 net contributions of immigrants deteriorated. Upon arrival to Sweden, immigrants on average place a burden on the public sector budget but after a few years this no longer applies. Refugees initially put a larger burden on the public sector budget than other immigrants, but such a difference declines with years since immigration. Received: 11 March 1998/Accepted: 31 May 2000 相似文献
16.
Wigger BU 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):625-640
Employing an overlapping generations endogenous growth model in which parents derive utility from having children and, additionally,
expect children to support them in old age, this paper explores the interrelation between growth, fertility, and the size
of pay-as-you-go financed public pensions. It is shown that small sized public pensions stimulate per capita income growth,
but further increases in public pensions eventually reduce it. Fertility, on the other hand, falls by an increase in public
pensions if they are either small or large. Medium sized public pensions, however, may stimulate fertility.
Received: 9 September 1997 / Accepted: 10 April 1998 相似文献
17.
Petter Osmundsen Guttorm Schjelderup Kåre Petter Hagen 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(4):623-637
This paper analyses how governments should tax labour income accruing to a group of highly skilled and geographically mobile
individuals who divide their time or career between several jurisdictions. The analysis differs from previous models on migration
and taxation by addressing optimal regulation when agents work for several principals. Optimal taxation is developed for social
welfare functions with exogenous and endogenous welfare weights. Marginal income taxes are applied for screening purposes,
and the rates are lower with endogenous than with exogenous welfare weights.
Received: 22 January 1998/Accepted: 3 July 1999) 相似文献
18.
This paper investigates the effect of altruism on the pattern of labour migration in a two-country overlapping generations
model. We show that differences in degrees of altruism across countries lead to bilateral migration flows. Starting from the
autarkic steady-state equilibrium, restrictions on labour migration are relaxed. In temporary post-migration equilibrium factor
prices are equal across countries. We then characterize the unique stable steady-state equilibrium: both countries are populated
and this equilibrium is not a Pareto improvement. Some individuals prefer to live in autarky, others in an integrated world
economy.
Received: 6 July 1998/Accepted: 11 February 1999 相似文献
19.
This paper examines interactions between education policy and growth. The analysis is carried out in an OLG model with two types of individuals: skilled and unskilled. An increase in public education reduces private costs of education, increases the proportion of skilled individuals, and tends to promote growth. On the other hand, education spending crowds out physical capital and reduces learning-by-doing. A marginal increase in the education subsidy can lower growth. It is yet shown that pure public education maximizes the long-run growth rate. Importantly, a partial subsidy to education can result in lower growth than pure private education. Received: 7 March 1999/Accepted: 25 November 1999 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this paper is to study intergenerational optimal resources sharing when the social planer can choose the retirement
age in addition to consumptions and investment. We use the extension of the Diamond analysis by Hu [1979] that incorporates
endogenous retirement age. We found that the optimal retirement age is an increasing function of the population growth rate
if the elasticity of substitution of old agents' labor for young agents' labor is lower than one. In the millian case, when
the size of a population does not matter, and when the elasticity of substitution of old agents' labor for young agents' labor
is strictly higher than one, the optimal retirement age is a decreasing function of the population growth rate. In the benthamite
case, the change in the optimal retirement age is indeterminate.
Received: 19 February 1999/Accepted: 27 February 2001
All correspondence to Bertrand Crettez. We would like to thank Jean-Pierre Vidal for very helpful comments on an earlier
draft. An anonymous referee provided insightful comments on a previous version of this paper. Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献