更多的改变 BROOKSROBERTSON（theUnitedStates）罗秉瑞（美国）

In July 1964, my morn, a Francophile and formerr Paris resident when she worked in the U.S. State Department nearly 70 years ago, realized a decade long dream： she took her 10 year oldson to Europe. Our first and primary stop was, of course, Paris. After the usual tourist introductions -- the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral, Les Champs Elysees, Montmartre -- we boarded a bus one overcast July morning and headed outside Paris to the Palace of Versailles. I remember 20 or so people, mostly American but other Europeans as well, traipsing through the vaunted （and uncrowded） ＂Chateau,＂ taking in the beauty of the building, its art, furniture, layout and history. H     

Midlife Changes

Abstract

The life stage that ranges from approximately age forty to sixty-five in human development is a time of major changes for both men and women, yet this time frame is often neglected or de-emphasized in the intervention context. This article reviews the philosophical, biological, cultural, psychological, and social areas of human development in mid-life. These factors are identified and practice suggestions are made as we enter the new millennium.     

Changes in Agriculture

Currently, there are about 13,000 persons of Doukhobor descent living in the Province of British Columbia (mainly in the West Kootenay area). Roughly 60% still speak Doukhobor Russian. Ritual activities among the Doukhobors depend largely on orally transmitted prayers, psalms, and hymns that are based on Russian Church Slavonic; home life in those homes where Russian is still used is conducted in a 19th century South Russian dialect with both Ukrainian and English admixtures. The effort at preventing a full-scale language shift to English is an example of a communal decision to maintain and revive a language in terms of given needs; there are many spokesmen in the Doukhobor community, however, who advocate an emphasis on shifting to world languages (English, Standard Russian). The percentage of Doukhobors, especially in the generation born after 1970, subscribing to this view is increasing, thus raising the much-debated question whether the decline of a language or of a functional style necessarily entails the loss of a culture and of the disappearance of ritual practices. Many First Nations communities, e.g., Cree in Alberta, are engaged in an active endeavour of reversing language shift partly as a necessary healing process. It seems that their efforts serve at least as partial support for maintaining the Doukhobor ritual style, perhaps in a “reconfigured” form allowing codeswitching between cognitive structures (in English) and contextual-mnemonic devices (in Russian/Church Slavonic).     

Interviewing Changes Attitudes--Sometimes

To examine the effects of interviewing respondents were questionedabout either cancer or burglary prevention in an interview,and later they received either relevant information or no information.Changes in attitudes were measured in a second interview, andthe results showed that asking questions about cancer changedrespondents' attitudes toward cancer, but interviewing aboutburglary prevention did not change attitudes toward crime. Theevidence suggests that interview effects will occur when therespondent's attitudes and information are unfocused or ambiguousand the topic is important. Theoretically, this can be attributedto competence motivation and a postulated desire to maintainself-esteem in the interview situation     

科威特社会的变迁

萨巴赫家族统治科威特至今已284个春秋.在这近3个世纪里,科成特社会发生了翻天覆地的变化,首先是经济基础发生了根本性的变化,从而促使科成特的上层建筑--政治体制的变化.     

科威特社会的变迁

萨巴赫家族统治科威特至今已284个春秋。在这近3个世纪里，科威特社会发生了翻天覆地的变化，首先是经济基础发生了根本性的变化，从而促使科威特的上层建筑-政治体制的变化。     

Changes in Higher Education

The social work profession has been too little concerned with policy, program, and practice issues related to human sexuality. Changing times and new knowledge require that the profession deal with this area more competently. Studies indicate that human sexuality is affected by biological, cultural, and psychological factors; that the female and male sex drives and physiological responses are similar; that the incidence of premarital and extramarital sexual relations are probably increasing along with more emphasis on the quality of the total interpersonal relationship; and that sexual behavior and values vary between socioeconomic groups.     

Changes in the Family

SUMMARY. Written during a period of rapid change, this paper analyses a number of factors which are combining to create a changing world for children. Demographic trends are leading to lower fertility, declining populations and increasing longevity; the norms of traditional family life are weakening with increases in marital breakdown, single parenthood and births outside marriage; and this is compounded by a deterioration in the support services of the welfare state. It is argued that parents cannot escape responsibility for their children, but as increasingly individualistic value systems give greater freedom to adults, it is suggested that these gains might be at the expense of the children. The paper concludes by looking at possibilities for change, so that the quality of childhood essential to civilisation may be restored.     

Changes that cause changes

Beyond determining whether procedures can be manipulated, the real goal for any analysis of “strategic behavior” is to identify all settings where and when this can be done, who can do it, and what they should do. By applying the geometric approach of Saari [7, 8] to the Kemeny's Rule (KR), we demonstrate how surprisingly simple this analysis can be, we identify all three candidate KR strategic behavior, and we show how an almost identical analysis answers most other multiple profile concerns (e.g., the abstention paradox and when voters just make errors). We also introduce new measures, which can be used with any procedure, to compare strategic and other behavior involving “changes.” These measures help to identify settings where it may be more important to worry about honest mistakes than strategic voting. Received: 16 April 1999/Accepted: 29 September 1999     

Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in Children Resulting from Parental Divorce and Consequent Environmental Changes

Operationalizing divorce as environmental change helps to understand the processes leading to the development of psychopathology in some children of divorce. Children living with their divorced mothers and children living with their married, natural parents completed change measures (Recent Life Changes Questionnaire, Environmental Change Questionnaire), a behavior checklist (Child Behavior Checklist) and a cognitive/perceptual characteristics measure (Semantic Differential). Significant F-ratios were obtained for the main effects of parent marital status and extent of environmental change and for the interactions of marital status with environmental change and marital status with age at divorce. Processes leading to child psychopathology were identified as types of changes, changes in parent-child relations and increased demands on the custodial parent. Conceptualizing divorce as environmental change has significant implications for the development of primary prevention programs for this population of children.     

民营企业应实现五大转变

企业在产业升级、自主研发方面困难重重,政府应进一步发挥核心的引导和领导作用,媒体也应进一步发挥其引导作用,促进产业升级转型社会环境和氛围的营造,帮助企业打造自主品牌.