建立以普查为基础的统计调查体系

在改革开放前,我国的统计调查方法是比较单一的,是以全面调查、全面报表、层层汇总为特征的调查体系。改革开放后,开始建立普查制度。为我国的统计调查制度的建立打下了雄厚的基础。可是,自1994年提出“建立以必要的周期性普查为基础”的统计调查制度体系至今还未建立起来。八年来,全面调查、全面报表、层层汇总为特征的调查体系依然如故。虽然各个行业在规模以下已经或正在大力推行抽样调查方法,这同“以普查为基础”的调查体系有着本质上的区别,不可混为一谈。一、统计调查体系与统计管理体系的关系“统计管理体制改革是统计改革     

对我国统计调查方法体系改革的回顾与展望

一、对我国改革开放以来统计调查方法体系改革的回顾　　统计调查方法体系改革是我国 2 0年来统计改革的最主要成果之一 ,其根本标志就是打破了全面统计报表制度一统天下的格局 ,建立了以周期性普查为基础、以经常性抽样调查为主体的新统计调查方法体系。其改革的过程大致如下 :1.改革初期恢复全面统计工作。 1978年恢复成立国家统计局 ,建立了各级政府统计系统和各业务部门统计系统 ,运用全面统计报表来开展统计调查 ,各企事业单位都配置相应的统计人员。这种调查方法是与计划经济体制相适应的 ,较好地满足了当时政府计划管理对统计资料的…     

关于抽样调查应用的思考

我国统计调查改革的目标模式是建立一个以必要的周期性普查为基础、以经常性的抽样调查为主体,同时辅之以重点调查、科学推算和全面报表综合运用的统计调查方法体系。纵观改革开放以来统计调查方法改革的进程,全面统计报表在现行的     

答读者问──我国统计调查方法改革的目标模式

今年5月，国务院批转国家统计局《关于建立国家普查制度改革统计调查体系的请示响通知，明确今后我国统计调查方法改革的目标模式，就是局快建立以必要的周期性普查为基础，以经常性的抽样调查为主体，五点调查和科学核算等为补充的多种方法综合运用的国家统计调查方法体系。近     

加强普查与常规统计年报整体性设计的研究

1994年7月20日<国务院批转国家统计局关于建立国家普查制度改革统计调查体系请示的通知>(国发[1994]42号)明确提出:要建立以必要的周期性普查为基础,经常性的抽样调查为主体,重点调查、科学核算为补充的多种方法综合运用的国家统计调查方法体系.据此,20世纪90年代,我国建立起了普查制度,并完成了第一轮(1991～2000年)5项6次普查的任务.     

改革周期性普查制度的初步探讨

一、我国周期性普查制度的建立及其存在的问题 建立以周期性普查为基础,以经常性抽样调查为主体,重点调查、科学估算为补充的多种方式方法综合运用的统计调查体系,是我国跨世纪统计调查体系改革的目标模式。在这一模式中,既体现了多种调查方式方法之间的有机结合和综合运用,也明确了它们的主辅地位。由于普查既可提供全面系统的基本统计信息,又可为抽样调查提供抽样框     

关于抽调查应用的思考

我国统计调查发展垢目标模式是建立一个以必要的周期性普查为基础、以经常性的抽样为主体,同时辅之以重点调查、科学推算和全面报表综合运用的统计调查方法体系。纵观改革开放以来统计调查方法改革的进程,全面统计报表在现行的统计调查方法体系中仍占优势,而通过抽样调查取得资料的指标仅占三分之一左右。目前抽样调查的应用限于城乡住户调查、农产量调查、物价调查、人口变动调查等领域,近年来虽开始进行小型贸易企业、工业企业抽样调查,但收效不甚明显。人们必须重新审视抽样调查,进行实事求是的分析,这对更有效地应用抽样无疑是有效的。     

小议改进综合统计调查方法体系

1998年1月国家统计局在经过充分酝酿和试点的基础上，提出了《国家统计制度改革的总体方案》，规划出我国统计调查方法改革的长远目标，即“建立以必要的周期性普查为基础，以经常性的抽样调查为主体，同时辅之以重点调查等多种方法综合运用的统计调查方法体系”。时隔四年，在网络技术迅猛发展，全球化趋势日益加快的今天，我国统计调查方法改革在实际操作中还存在哪些问题，就成为我们统计理论与实践工作者们共同关心和探讨的课题。一、建立综合统计调查方法体系的背景构建综合统计调查方法体系的设想，是基于我国原有统计调查的状况而提…     

加快统计调查方法改革的途径和方法

国家统计局在《国家统计制度改革总体方案》中提出要加快统计调查方法的改革,拟定的长远目标是：“建立以必要的周期性普查为基础,以经常性的抽样调查为主体,同时辅之以重点调查等多种方法综合运用的统计调查方法体系。”为了实现上述目标,在总结二十年统计调查方法改...     

普查工作面临的矛盾与思考

改革开放以来，随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立和不断发展，统计调查方法已由原来过分依赖于层层汇总的全面报表调查方法逐步转向运用十年一次普查、五年一次抽样调查的周期性循环调查方法为主，全面报表为辅的调查方法。这是我国统计调查方法制度的一项重大改革。这项改革，不仅适应和满足了市场经济发展的需要，而且也促使我国统计调查方法制度逐步纳入科学化、规范化、国际化的轨道。但是，这几年随着普查频率的加快，普查任务显得越来越繁重。仅从1990年进行第四次全国人口普查至今，六年时间，共进行和即将进行的有五次重大普查，即：…     

How increased automation will improve the 1990 census of population and housing of the United States

"The U.S. Bureau of the Census will increase significantly the automation of operations for the 1990 Census of Population and Housing, thus eliminating or reducing many of the labor-intensive clerical operations of past censuses and contributing to the speedier release of data products. An automated address control file will permit the computer to monitor the enumeration status of an address. The automated address file will also make it possible to begin electronic data processing concurrently with data collection, and, thus, 5-7 months earlier than for the 1980 Census. An automated geographic support system will assure consistency between various census geographic products, and computer-generated maps will be possible. Other areas where automation will be introduced or increased are questionnaire editing, coding of written entries on questionnaires, and reporting of progress and cost by field offices."     

简析身份证号信息在人口普查中的作用

人口普查是世界各国广泛采用的搜集人口资料的一种科学方法,它为国家制定政策提供权威的人口数据,但是,历届人口普查都面临着重报、漏报等严重问题。身份证号码虽然仅有18位,但是信息丰富,而且每位公民的号码都是唯一的,不可重复的。在普查中询问身份证号码,可以取代普查表中的多个问题,可以避免重报、漏报问题,还可以通过身份证号码中地址码与问卷登记地的地址码相比较确定流动人口。通过对"五普"和"六普"数据的分析,我们发现,在以后的人口普查中通过加入身份证号码的询问可以帮助提高普查数据的质量。     

Measurement of Hispanic ethnicity in the U.S. census: an evaluation based on latent-class analysis

"Two models, the U.S. census model and the latent-class model, are compared in their application to evaluating measurements of ethnicity. Although the census approach assumes that the response categories of a questionnaire item correspond to groups in the population, the latent-class approach seeks to assess whether any set of response categories can represent observed ethnic heterogeneity. Data collected using the 1990 census Hispanic-origin question and other instruments for measuring ethnicity suggest that the latent-class approach is superior whenever the response categories are not known to be valid. In particular, using the latent-class model, this article rejects the census model's assumption of a single dimension of meaning underlying responses to the Hispanic-origin question."     

The case for samples of anonymized records from the 1991 census

"The census of population represents a rich source of social data. Other countries have released samples of anonymized records from their censuses to the research community for secondary analysis. So far this has not been done in Britain. The areas of research which might be expected to benefit from such microdata are outlined, and support is drawn from considering experience overseas. However, it is essential to protect the confidentiality of the data. The paper therefore considers the risks, both real and perceived, of identification of individuals from census microdata. The conclusion of the paper is that the potential benefits from census microdata are large and that the risks in terms of disclosure are very small. The authors therefore argue that the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and the General Register Office of Scotland should release samples of anonymized records from the 1991 census for secondary analysis."     

Topical scope of the 1988 national population census

This article reviews the questionnaire that has been prepared for the 1988 census of Poland. Changes in the questions from those asked in previous censuses are noted.     

Federal statistics in a complex environment: the case of the 1980 census

A discussion of the 1980 U.S. census is presented. The authors suggest that the taking of a national census is not just a statistical exercise, but an exercise involving ethics, epistemology, law, and politics. They contend that conducting a national census can be defined as an ill-structured problem in which the various complexities imposed by multidisciplinarity cannot be separated. "The 1980 census is discussed as an ill-structured problem, and a method for treating such problems is presented, within which statistical information is only one component."     

Anticipated demographic development in Poland in the light of the new demographic projections

The authors present the results of revised population projections for Poland for 1985 based on the final results of the 1978 population census. Assumptions made in previous projections are critically reviewed, as are the population estimates on which those projections were based     

The organization of automated computation of data from the 1989 all-Union population census

The authors describe preparations for the automatic processing of data from the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. Topics covered include the preparation of census data for automatic processing, the inclusion of data on magnetic tape, and data processing. Consideration is given to the preparation of published results and of data for further analysis.     

Classification by race and Spanish origin in the 1980 census and its impact on white and nonwhite rates

A basic change concerning the racial classification of persons of Spanish origin used in the 1980 U.S. census is examined for its impact on white and nonwhite population counts, particularly in urban areas. "Arrest rates by race for central city Phoenix together with 1980 census data by race and ethnicity for Phoenix and 11 other central cities are used to illustrate the substantive effect of changes in the white and 'other race' counts produced by this change in procedure." The authors consider "remedies for the problems faced by those using published census data..., and one possibility for creating comparable rates is presented. Closely related complications created by the failure of the Office of Management and Budget to arrive at a single, logical statistical standard for the classification of U.S. residents by race and ethnicity are also identified."