上海推进都市农业建设的实践与思考

本文以上海农业为例,通过对都市农业的功能定位和发展方向的分析,科学把握都市农业的主要特征和内在规律,探求都市农业实现农业现代化的基本途径。文章结合上海实际,提出紧紧围绕农业现代化这个主题,把握加快转变农业发展方式这条主线,凸显都市农业三大功能,确保农业增效农民增收这个落脚点,推进都市现代农业可持续发展。     

新常态下天津都市农业的发展现状与对策研究

经济新常态和京津冀协同发展战略为天津都市农业的发展提出了更高的要求,创造了更多机遇.新常态要求天津都市农业的发展不仅是总量的增长,而且是有质量、 有效益和可持续的增长.京津冀协同发展战略为天津都市农业的发展提供了更多资源和更广阔的发展空间,为此,天津要抓住当前难得的机遇,大力发展都市农业,提升农业发展的新高度.     

都市农业与旅游产业融合发展的困境及对策思考——以北京四季青地区为例

农旅融合是都市现代农业的重要发展方向。随着资源环境约束趋紧和城镇居民消费需求的多元化,都市农业与旅游产业的融合发展也面临着新的机遇和挑战。本文以北京四季青这一典型区域为例,通过案例分析方法研究了都市农业农旅融合发展中存在的问题,并提出针对性的优化对策建议。     

天津将办生态城市博览会

正在中国西部参加有关农业与气候变化关系国际会议的中外专家警告，在过去的几十年，全球气候变化已对中国农业和农业生态系统，特别是北方旱区农业造成重大影响，其中不少影响是负面的。     

中国应对气候变化的政策与行动(节选三)

五、适应气候变化的政策与行动中国在农业、森林与其他自然牛态系统、水资源等领域,以及海岸带及沿海地区等脆弱区,积极实施适应气候变化的政策和行动,取得了积极成效。农业国家制定并实施《农业法》、《草原法》、《渔业法》、《土地管理法》、《突发重大动物疫情应急条例》、《草原防火条例》等法律、法规,努力建立和完善农业领域适应气候变化的政策法规体系。加强农业基础设施建设,开展了农     

创新金融服务助力现代农业结构升级——新供给经济学的视角

从农业供给侧全产业链分析,金融在农业供给侧改革中发挥着全过程作用:一是现代都市农业生产要素的集约化,使得规模化金融服务需求增加;二是现代都市农业生产经营链条化,产业链金融服务需求增长;三是农业经营主体多元化,特色化金融服务需求增加;四是农村产业融合发展,功能型金融服务需求增加.     

荷兰农地管理成功经验一览

欧盟国家中,荷兰地狭人稠,商业发达,传统上其国土及城乡规划发展体制极为重视绿地保护,都市化过程农地变更利益的回馈和农地保护的补偿,以及国土景观生态网络的建构,均有其独特政策设计和作业方式:尤其是其西部高度都市化直接影响范围内,已发展形成独特农业地景的温室园艺,不但奠定荷兰高超的农业科技水准,而且也是都市农业经济的动力根源。因此,特别介绍荷兰农     

应对全球气候变化防御极端气候灾害

气候变化影响人类的生存和发展,深度触及农业和粮食安全、水资源安全、能源安全、生态安全、公共卫生安全,应对气候变化和防灾减灾已成为各国经济社会发展战略的重要组成部分.气候变化具有全球化特征和历史性根源,减缓气候变化必须从政治、经济、社会、科技等各个方面做出努力.我们应立足于我国经济社会发展全局,采取科学有效的措施,积极做好应对气候变化的战略准备.……     

我国适应气候变化经济措施的回顾与评析

国际社会适应气候变化政策和行动中,经济措施发挥了积极作用.自2013年发布《国家适应气候变化战略》以来,我国加快推进适应气候变化工作.通过分析梳理公开发布的政策文件与具体行动可知,我国推进适应气候变化的重点领域有农业、林业、城市、水资源、防灾减灾、旅游业和建筑业等.主要通过政府投资、转移支付、金融保险工具以及示范区建设...     

中国应对气候交化的政策与行动(节选三)

五.适应气候变化的政策与行动 中国在农业、森林与其他自然生态系统、水资源等领域,以及海岸带及沿海地区等脆弱区,积极实施适应气候变化的政策和行动,取得了积极成效.     

A Story of Post‐Fordist Exploitation: Financialization and Small‐Scale Maize Farmers in Turkey

After the implementation of economic restructuring policies in Turkish agriculture, farming communities experienced significant changes in the patterns of agricultural production over the last decade. The dramatic shift from labor‐intensive field crops to maize farming represents such a change, particularly for small‐scale farmers, since high‐yield maize farming is driven by private agrifood corporate demand. In this article, I explore how this shift influences the relations of production in agriculture through a commodity‐system analysis of the maize sector in Turkey. Through the qualitative analysis of the semistructured in‐depth interviews and secondary data, I find that small‐scale farmers are able to participate in maize farming, even as their dependence on production credits to participate in industrial maize farming crucially reduces their bargaining power with private industry. I argue that the traditional Marxist approach, accumulation by dispossession, is not sufficient to explain the participation of small‐scale farmers. Instead, I propose a new concept, entrepreneurial exploitation, to describe the participation of small‐scale investors in the post‐Fordist regime. Thereby, I point to the important role of expansion of credit markets as a consequence of financialization.     

Vertical Farming: Social Work and Sustainable Urban Agriculture in an Age of Global Food Crises

Abstract

Environmental concerns, including issues of ecological justice, attention to sustainability, and focus on issues of food security have gathered increased momentum in social work. This article will trace the background of sustainable urban agriculture as a partial solution to the issue of global food insecurity and its impact on marginalised urban populations. It will review the development of a sustainable agricultural initiative called vertical farming and suggest that it holds promise for communities struggling with chronic food security problems. It will outline some tentative steps social work may consider in order to become more fully involved in support of vertical farming initiatives.     

Return of the gentleman farmer?: Conceptualising gentrification in UK agriculture

In this paper, processes of gentrification are assessed in relation to non-commercial farming: the production of agricultural commodities without the intent of earning a living. The author argues that due to the connection between residence and productive assets (particularly land) inherent in farming, agricultural gentrification represents a special case, distinct from rural and urban gentrification, where gentrification is possible from within the existing farm household. Pluriactivity of the farm household enables both economic capital accumulation and alterations in the cultural capital held. Similar to rural and urban gentrification processes, agricultural gentrification leads to landscape change. Both non-commercial farming and gentrification processes are found to have been encouraged by the state, through post-productivist polices and laws aimed at commercial agricultural producers. The author argues for further research on farmers as consumers of rural amenities, and raises questions about the environmental impacts of ‘non-commercial farming’ and the acquisition of farm land by the wealthy elite.     

Agricultural change and restructuring: recent evidence from a survey of agricultural households in England

Despite widespread speculation about the likely future extent of agricultural restructuring in the UK, researchers and policymakers are surprisingly ignorant of the nature and extent of farm household adjustment in the period since the mid 1990s. Meanwhile, claims that agriculture is in crisis and on the threshold of radical structural change continue to receive widespread media attention. Critics point out that because European policy debates are constructed in ways which emphasise the vulnerability of farmers and their businesses, there is a lack of attention to the true status and economic sustainability of agricultural households themselves. This paper reports results from a recent survey of agricultural business restructuring within six English study areas selected to span a range of agricultural settings and designed to identify the different trajectories of change to be found there. It concludes that while there is some evidence of disengagement from mainstream agriculture and an increasingly diverse set of relationships between the occupation and management of land, commitment to remaining in agriculture remains strong amongst farming families. A substantial proportion of agricultural and agri-environmental assets seem likely to remain in the same hands for the foreseeable future.     

Precision Farming: Environmental Legitimation,Commodification of Information,and Industrial Coordination1

Abstract Precision farming—use of digital geographically referenced data in farming operations—is the leading example of a cluster of emerging information technologies in agriculture. To date, the vast majority of academic and promotional literature addressing precision farming has focused on the field and farm-level economic and environmental benefits of site-specific allocation of crop inputs (fertilizer, pesticides, and seeds). In this paper, we question popular perceptions of the technology and pursue a sociological analysis through identification of consistencies between precision farming and the political and economic requirements of an industrializing agriculture. Through promotion of a public commitment and a technical mechanism to mitigate farm chemical pollution, precision farming legitimates chemically-based agriculture in an era of rising environmentalism. Further, precision farming is based on, and will advance, the commodification of agricultural information—appropriation of field and farm-level decision processes through substitution of capital for local knowledge. By automating farm-level data collection and information management and by reducing agriculturalists' reliance on public sector agricultural research and extension, precision farming supports further integration of on-farm activity into a coordinated system of industrial manufacture.     

Subsistence farming in transitional economies: lessons from Bulgaria

Transition to market economies in Central and Eastern Europe has increased the practice of small-scale subsistence farming. Consequently agriculture is characterised by a dualistic structure of market-oriented commercial farms and much small-scale subsistence farming. An important part of the production and consumption of many food products is not marketed and this large share of subsistence makes agriculture performance unpredictable. The widespread prevalence of subsistence farming is a problem in predicting the aggregate effects of agricultural and rural policies. Analysis of this phenomenon is therefore important for policy making which will lead to adjustments in the agricultural and rural economy. Detailed study of one country in transition, Bulgaria, is presented. Findings and conclusions are then expanded to other CEECs.     

Children and the Modern Farming Movement

In the twenty‐first century, a small percentage of U.S. children have ties to family‐based agriculture. Yet with the rise of the modern farming movement that emphasizes local and family‐based production, new spaces may exist for involving children and youth in farming. This article focuses on the social value of children to family‐based agriculture in the contemporary era. Drawing on a qualitative study of families that farm in the capital region of New York—an epicenter for the modern food movement—we consider why families farm, how they involve children in their farms, and how they understand children's contributions. Interviews with 76 adult members of 50 families show children to be central to families' goals; they often rationalize farming as a lifestyle choice undertaken for the benefit of their children. Families also actively involve their own children—and other people's children—in their farms. By documenting the way families talk about children and farming, we shed light on the logic used to incorporate children into modern productive enterprises. The centrality of children, we argue, helps explain the success of the modern food movement and the persistence of family‐based agriculture despite conditions that make it economically difficult to accomplish.     

城乡一体化背景下上海农业人口发展趋势探索

城乡一体化发展中的上海新农村建设,除了加快农业现代化、改善农村公共管理与服务外,农业人口自身的发展问题不容忽视。目前,上海城乡的人口格局发生了根本性的变化,农业人口已越来越少,本地农业就业人口面临数量和质量弱化等问题。展望上海农业人口发展方向与具体发展目标,在重视农业剩余劳动力转移的同时,必须进一步发挥农业科技对提升农业产业水平、转变发展方式的引领作用,实现生产者素质的稳步提高,培养有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民。