Entwickeln im Team – Effekte für den Einzelnen

This study tested the effects of a 2-day team building intervention on team members’ team identification, social support and collective self-efficacy. Members (n?=?32) of three teams from different sectors completed questionnaires before, directly after and six weeks after the team building intervention. Two teams served as control groups. Results showed lasting positive effects of team building on identification, support and collective self-efficacy in the training groups but no changes in the control groups.     

Togetherness—The Health Care Team

Abstract

In order to evaluate the progress of a health service, certain criteria (indices) should be established and monitored. If any health center wishes to compare its situation with others, a valid instrument for measuring morbidity is required, and the criteria must be in conformity with national and/or international standards. This paper details methods of producing health indices from medical diagnoses. It is based on experience in a health service for students. Three systems are offered to cover centers with and without computer facilities: 1) a minimum for student health services; 2) the “minima” requested by the World Health Organization; 3) a classification of conditions of special interest in student health. It is strongly recommended that the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) of the World Health Organization be accepted as the local and international basis for these diagnostic categories.

“Epidemic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Nepal: Recovery of a Possible Etiologic Agent and Transmission Studies in Marmosets,” MARK A. KANE, et al. An epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, during 1981–1982, with approximately 7.6% of households and 1.4% of individuals affected. Cases occurred preponderantly in the 15- to 34-year-old age group (70%), with most cases (75%) occurring in males. A high mortality rate (21%) occurred in pregnant women admitted to the hospital. No single water source was implicated, but epidemic peaks occurred during monsoon rains, and multiple opportunities for enteric transmission existed. One of eight patient stools examined by immune electron microscopy revealed aggregated, antibody-coated, 27-nm viruslike particles when convalescent serum samples were used as sources of antibody. Inoculation of two chimpanzees and four marmosets with a suspension of this stool resulted in elevated liver enzyme activity in three marmosets. Fecal excretion of 27-nm particles during the acute phase of disease (with temporally coincident antigen activity by radioimmunoassay) was observed in one marmoset, which also developed convalescent antibody against the particles in the original inoculum. (Journal of the American Medical Association 1984;252:3140–3145.)

“High-dose Vitamin C Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Cancer who Have Had No Prior Chemotherapy; A Randomized Double-Blind Comparison,” CHARLES G. MOERTEL, et al. It has been claimed that high-dose vitamin C is beneficial in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer, especially patients who have had no prior chemotherapy. In a double-blind study 100 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to treatment with either high-dose vitamin C (10 g daily) or placebo. Overall, these patients were in very good general condition, with minimal symptoms. None had received any previous treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Vitamin C therapy showed no advantage over placebo therapy with regard to either the interval between the beginning of treatment and disease progression or patient survival. Among patients with measurable disease, none had objective improvement. On the basis of this and our previous randomized study, it can be concluded that high-dose vitamin C therapy is not effective against advanced malignant disease regardless of whether the patient has had any prior chemotherapy. (New England Journal of Medicine 1985;312:137–41.)     

Wie verändert sich die häusliche Arbeitsteilung im Eheverlauf – oder: was kann man wie schlussfolgern?

Using the Bamberg study of married couples Schulz and Blossfeld (2006) analyze the change in the division of domestic labor and see a trend toward traditionalization. Hereby the economic theory of the family should be falsified. This result is critized in three perspectives: first, a stronger participation of men is used as the dependent variable whereby the interesting processes are misspecified. Second, only the educations of men and women, but not changes in education are looked at which would be necessary to test the economic theory. Third, the used statistical model makes some simplifications necessary which hardens the interpretation of the empirical results. With all these critics the economic theory of the family should not be defended blindly, but a test of this theory is not possible in the manner tried here.     

To Be a Soldier——The PLA Women's Military Pentathlon Team

TO thunderous applause,the ChinesePLA Women’s Military PentathlonTeam raised the WorldChampionship trophy at the closingceremony of the CISM 46th MilitaryPentathlon World Championship inBeijing.This is the fifth worldchampionship the team has won since it     

Wo sind die Bachelorabsolventen heute und wie sehen sie ihr Studium?

The paper is based on a survey of graduates of the BA course Social Sciences at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf. The course, which is a combination of Sociology, Political Science and Communication and Media Studies, was set up in 1999. In 2002 the first students completed the course. Therefore, the BA course Social Sciences is one of the BA courses with the longest experience in Germany. Four graduate years were interviewed for the survey. The aim of the survey was to find out where the graduates now stand and how they judge the course in retrospect. The results show that half of the graduates currently have an occupation, slightly over a third is doing a Master’s degree and about 10 % are in a temporary situation or performing other activities. Overall, the graduates are satisfied with the course. The evaluation of the individual course elements shows the strengths and weaknesses of the course.     

Wie ver?ndert sich die Religiosit?t im Lebensverlauf?

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and fixed-effects regression models, this paper examines church attendance rates across the life course. For 1992?C2007, the overall frequency of churchgoing shows a slight decrease (secularization). This period effect is continuously thwarted by a positive age effect. However, this positive age effect becomes weaker over the recent years which also might be interpreted as a kind of secularization. In-depth analyses show that, in West Germany, the age-specific increase of church attendance rates is paralleled by gradual increases in the frequency of churchgoing after transition into first marriage, when children reach school-age and after the transition to widowhood. However, reaching a higher educational level and an increase in labor market participation, as well as a first divorce (in West Germany) and the transition into a non-marital cohabitation (in East Germany) contribute to a decrease of religious participation.     

Kulturwandel im Geldgeschäft? Potenziale einer ethischen Selbsterneuerung im Banken- und Finanzwesen

Following the financial crisis in 2008 a debate about the social benefit of the financial industry, which operates without considering its real-economic consequences, was initiated. The financial industry responded by offering strategies of cultural change (“Kulturwandel”) which foster a more socially responsible financial practice. At the same time the expansion of “ethical” banks aims to establish a banking business avoiding negative externalities of the banking sector. Following the conceptual assumptions of the sociology of critique we study the collectively shared interpretation of a “good” and legitimate financial practice beyond publicly communicated standards of practice. Against this backdrop we evaluate the potentials of normative self-regulation in banking and finance. Our results show that cultural or ethical change is only partly feasible if it exclusively focuses the motives, values and personalities of the individual subjects but neglects the structural as well as institutional conditions of a “good” financial practice.     

Identität im Wandel — aus psychoanalytischer Sicht

?Identity“ is seen as a very broad spread and unclear conception. In times of social and political changes powerful shifts of definitions and self-experiences of identity become apparent. Only since the fifties psychoanalytical theorists have dealt with the conception of identity, i.e. within a period of individual and social insecurity after the Second World War. An exploration of identity change of these days especially of the German society deals with external radical changes but also with intrapsychical changes, which can be connected with readjustment to nursing habits and with an often observed disapperance of paternal principles. ?Identity“ also deserves special attention as a spring hostility to foreigners and of antisemitism. There cannot be recommended a ?therapy“ against today’s difficulties of identity; instead it is importent to promote personal and public competence of thinking and reflection in favour of advantage of identity in its progressive and regressive movements.     

?Ein bisschen wie ein Au?erirdischer“: subjektive imperative und mentale Blockaden von Frauen in technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Berufsfeldern

Women are still gravely underrepresented in technical and engineering professions. So far there is few research regarding psychological barriers and especially mental blocks of women in technical fields. This study investigates mental blocks of women that might hinder their career advancement in technical professions. To this end, a secondary analysis of 19 qualitative interviews with women from technical fields was conducted. The analysis was based on the theory of mental interference and the respective text analysis method proposed by Wagner (Gelassenheit durch Aufl?sung innerer Konflikte. Mentale Selbstregulation und Introvision. Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 2007). The analysis shows that numerous so-called subjective imperatives could be identified that might interfere with women??s career advancement. They were grouped in three main categories: Work-life balance, gender stereotypes, and career advancement. Practical implications are discussed.     

Die soziale Selektivit?t des partnerschaftlichen Zusammenlebens im Wandel

While numerous studies focus on the prevalence and change of different living arrangements, this study focuses on the social selectivity of living together with a partner compared to living without a partner. In the context of marriage, there is extensive empirical evidence that the tendency to enter or dissolve a union is dependent on specific conditions. However, little is known about the resulting social structures and how these change. The present study investigates this on the basis of cumulated German Microcensuses. A logistic regression model is suggested in which the age dependency of living in a partnership is considered and the change of social selectivity is examined on the basis of interaction effects with the cohort. It is shown that men with low education and low employment and income prospects have always had low odds of living in a partnership. In more recent cohorts such a pattern evolves for women as well. Changes in household production and in preferences and opportunities of mate selection are discussed as explanations.     

Neue Heimat Vorstandsteam? Eine Frau wird Mitglied im Unternehmensvorstand

The article is based on interviews of board members of German companies as part of a study conducted by the Bertelsmann Foundation. It examines the question how the sole female members tried to make themselves influential in the team. To succeed in making top management teams more diverse it is not enough to appoint a woman to a Board of Directors. She will only stay and contribute meaningfully if she is respected and can be influential. Considering the homogenity and exclusivity of German Boards this is no easy task. Also considered are obstacles and supporting conditions of the organisational context.     

Bildung und Gesundheitsungleichheit im Alter: Divergenz, Konvergenz oder Kontinuit?t?

It is well established that health at an old age is influenced by education acquired earlier in life. Empirical evidence on the extent of health decline across educational levels, however, is heterogeneous. It remains unclear whether the health gap between individuals with high and low levels of education increases in old age (divergence), decreases (convergence), or whether it remains constant (continuity). In the present study, we investigate the effects of education on health changes with data from two waves (2004, 2007) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for respondents aged 50?C80. We estimate OLS regression models drawing on 12 indicators of physical, mental and cognitive health. Our aim is to obtain more generalizable results about the age trajectories of health inequality. We find that divergence is the main pattern of health decline across educational levels: The health gap between individuals with high and low educational levels increases for the indicators of grip strength, limitations of general and of instrumental activities of daily living, mobility limitations, depressive symptoms, numerical ability, and time orientation. For single indicators, however, we also observe continuous (chronic diseases, subjective health assessment, memory) and convergent (fluency of speaking) patterns.     

Destabilisierung und Destandardisierung, aber für wen? Die Entwicklung der westdeutschen Arbeitsplatzmobilität seit 1984

We contribute to the long-standing debate about an alleged “destabilization” and “destandardization” of employment biographies by analyzing how the job-shift patterns of West German workers have changed between 1984 and 2008. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we study changes in the rates of (upward) within- and between-firm mobility as well as the risk of employment exit, analyzing trends separately by gender, education, labour force experience, firm size, and sector. We document a considerable and pervasive reduction in the rate of (upward) within-firm moves. The decline is stronger for men and particularly steep for the employees of large companies and for those with limited labour force experience. We interpret these findings as evidence for a decline of internal labour markets and for increasing difficulties among labour market entrants. A second major result of our analysis is that rates of between-firm mobility and employment exit have risen primarily for low-educated men and women.     

Ungleiche Chancen im Wissenschaftssystem: Artefakt oder Realität?

The article “Emergence of an academic elite? The impact of universities’ size and reputation on research funding” by Katrin Auspurg, Thomas Hinz and Jürgen Güdler (volume 4/2008 of this Journal) discusses critically Richard Münch’s thesis of monopolistic tendencies in the German science system. Unfortunately the authors focus in their analysis on an improper object, the “Individual grants programme” (Normalverfahren) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). However, problematic developments for the German science system will rather result from the “Coordinated grants programmes” (koordinierte Programme), in particular the excellence initiative. Furthermore the authors fail to connect their analysis to the broader context of the functions and implications of the increasing role of third party funding in the German science system.     

Is implementation fidelity associated with improved access to care in a School-based Child and Family Team model?

Effective child and family centered service planning is crucial to addressing vulnerable children's needs. However, there is limited evidence about what facets of these processes improve service use and outcomes. The current study used a Poisson random effects hazard model to test correlations between fidelity to NC's Child and Family Support Team model and time to service receipt, using case management data for 3396 children served by that program during the 2008–2009 school year. Students were more likely to receive recommended services more quickly when caregivers and the students attended planning meetings, when their plans included services for caregivers, and when child and family team leaders followed up after meetings to verify service receipt. Contrary to the Child and Family Support Team theory of change, match between student needs and the lead agency of the meeting was not associated with the odds of quicker service receipt, nor was attendance by natural supports. Findings from this study demonstrate the potential effectiveness of using case management systems to measure service planning process fidelity, as well as how results thereof can both inform process improvement and potential refinements to models’ theories of change.     

Personzentrierte Beratung minderj?hriger Frauen in der Schwangerschaft und im Schwangerschaftskonflikt

Pregnancy and conflicts related to pregnancy are exceptional situations for women especially for under aged women. Usually young people have not gained any experience yet neither with pregnancy nor with decision taking act. Person-centred consultation for under aged women during pregnancy offers the possibility to get in contact with them, share empathy, offer recognition and unconditional positive regard and act genuinely as a concerned person at the same time. Thereby person-centred-consultation can adjust, the mainly to adult women addressed abortion consultation, to teenagers?? needs and help them take a sound decision and elaborate future plans as parent or after a possible abortion. (German law guarantees consultation during pregnancy and affords consultation before going through abortion.)     

Sind türkischstämmige Kinder beim Schulstart im Nachteil?

This article analyses the effect of a Turkish migration background on the risk of delayed school entry. Besides the social background, we control general and host country specific individual skill levels of the child. We assume that children’s individual skills can affect the school entry decision both directly and indirectly. We use data of the longitudinal project “Preschool education and educational careers among migrant children” (German acronym ESKOM VG). About 500 German parents and 500 Turkish-origin parents were interviewed in this study. Standardized developmental tests were conducted with the children in various domains. We find that the Turkish migration background does not have an independent effect on the probability of delayed school entry when the social background and individual skills are controlled. We furthermore disentangle the indirect effect of the Turkish migration background using the khb method. The results indicate that mathematic skills and cultural knowledge have the largest contribution on this indirect effect.