江苏计划生育家庭养老问题及政策建议

江苏是全国计划生育的先进地区,也是经济比较发达的地区。随着老年型社会的加速来临,计划生育家庭养老的问题日益被提上重要日程。文章在阐述计划生育家庭养老在全社会养老中的重要性的基础上,分析了江苏计划生育家庭养老面临的突出矛盾,并提出了江苏计划生育家庭养老的基本思路和政策建议。     

城乡一体 利益同享 全面实行计划生育养老保险办法

2006年,广东省东莞市政府出台了《东莞市计划生育养老保险暂行办法》,为全市已实行计划生育的对象办理计划生育养老保险,进一步完善了本市计划生育利益导向体系,积极探索以政府财政为主导、村（居）委会投入为补充、城乡一体化、农（居）民同受益、社会化发放的计划生育家庭养老保险之路,较好地解除了计划生育家庭的养老后顾之忧,受到了广大计划生育家庭的拥护和欢迎,有效地促进了人口计生工作的开展。     

刍议促进计划生育家庭发展工作

国家卫生和计划生育委员会增设了计划生育家庭发展司,从宏观和体制层面进一步明晰了促进计划生育家庭发展工作职责,较好地体现了诚信政府的责任担当,也是工作转型发展之必然选择。当下,做好促进计划生育家庭发展工作的任务艰巨复杂,依笔者之见,需要找准定位、理清职责,统一思想、明确方向,牢记责任、扎实工作,真正发挥在促进计划生育家庭发展方面应有的作用。     

量身定制爱心套餐 亲情关爱特殊家庭

今年以来,江苏省淮安市清河区在全面落实上级对计划生育伤残死亡等特殊家庭各项帮扶政策的基础上,主动顺应计划生育特殊家庭需求,为他们量身定制＂爱心套餐＂,着力关爱计划生育特殊家庭,受到群众欢迎。建立四级联动信息管理服务机制。摸清计划生育特殊困难家庭底数,依托区网格化社会管理网络,及时掌握计划生育伤残死亡家庭信息。社区网格协管员按照＂早碰头、日双巡＂工作要求,收集上报网格内计划生育特殊困难家庭信息,并第一时间逐级上报给社区计生专干、街道和区人口计生部门。区、街道两级人口计生部门对计划生育特殊困难家庭分别建立档案,全面掌握计划生育特殊困难家庭底数,方便跟踪做好帮扶救助工作。     

“四位一体”完善计生特殊家庭服务保障体系

为进一步完善计划生育利益导向体系,更好地关爱、帮助计划生育特殊家庭,福建省泉州市丰泽区北峰街道制定了《计划生育特殊家庭关爱行动实施意见》,从各方面完善了计生特殊家庭服务保障体系。     

辽宁省农村万户计划生育家庭生活状况调查分析

我国推行计划生育政策已30年,首批实行计划生育的人员已经陆续退出劳动年龄,实行计划生育的家庭生活现状如何,能不能使他们真正在经济上得到实惠,在生活上得到保障,直接关系到党和政府在群众中的威信和低生育水平的稳定。为准确掌握农村实行计划生育的家庭生活现状,做好计划生育利益导向和社会保障工作,我们开展了农村万户实行计划生育的家庭入户调查,其目的     

决不能淡忘了他们

近年来,各地实行了对计划生育家庭的奖励和优惠政策,开展了各种形式的帮扶活动,特别是计划生育“三结合”项目的实施,使得不少计划生育家庭脱贫致富,成为小康之家,感受到了政府的关怀和计划生育政策的优越性。然而,由于种种因素影响,使     

北京市计划生育家庭保险工作经验及探讨

计划生育政策的有效贯彻执行与计划生计育家庭保险所提供的良好保障密不可分,计划生育家庭保险主要是针对实行计划生育政策带来的或加重的风险,计划生育家庭保险主要包括生育保险、独生子女保险、计划生育夫妇养老保险及健康保险等。计划生育家庭保险是一项涉及千万家庭的惠民政策,有利于促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调和可持续发展,对于促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉、维护社会稳定具有重要意义。     

农村计划生育家庭养老保障机制研究

对农村计划生育家庭在资金和发展经济上给予帮助,使其增加收入,进而也增加了养老积蓄;对计划生育夫妇子女的各种优惠,是帮助家庭增加对孩子的抚养成本投入,以期将来转化为更高的养老价值;政府和集体承担的那部分计划生育养老保险金,是直接给计划生育家庭的养老投入;新启动的农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度,更是与国家退休养老保障制度性质相似的新机制。必须建立相应的,以政府投入为主渠道的计划生育投入机制,通过公共财政支持,才能保证上述养老保障工作的资金需求与资金供给平衡。     

人口计生委主任张维庆在全国农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度试点工作电视电话会议上的讲话

人口计生委、财政部已正式批准15个省(市)和地区,从2004年开始进行农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度试点,中央财政正式拨付首批农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助金。这标志着农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度试点工作进入了实质性运行阶段。人口计生委召开这个会议,目的就是进一步动员试点地区和自行试点地区的各级领导干部、相关部门和广大群众迅速行动起来,全面推进农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度试点工作,采取有效措施,把国家对农村部分计划生育家庭的奖励扶助政策抓紧抓好,落到实处。下面,我讲四点意见:     

A preliminary survey of specialized households with single children in Tianjin rural areas

A preliminary survey of specialized households with single children in Tianjian rural areas was carried out in order to understand the impact of the economic system reform on family planning programs. Out of 180,000 specialized households, 37,000 are those of young peasants under 35, accounting for 24% of the total specialized households. The survey showed that family planning publicity could be improved in 4 ways. A change in the peasants' concept of childbearing in favor of family planning should be actively promoted. Publicity efforts should be strengthened. Both the content and methods of family planning education and publicity should be improved. Publicity should be integrated with service. Centers of publicity and guidance should become centers of publicity and service. Family planning workers should become close friends of young couples of reproductive age. Education must be integrated with service. A recent trend of having fewer children has set in. This change manifests itself in 3 ways: the state policy of making the people rich greatly encourages young couples to devote themselves to pioneering causes; after becoming rich, the peasants become aware that they should have healthier and better educated children; when the peasants become rich they worry less about their old age and other problems. The recent trend toward early marriage in rural areas should be curbed.     

A broadcast on family planning in Hefeng County]

New ideas for the promotion of family planning among distant regions is the objective of this report which states that rural communities lack effective means of communication mainly due to poor transportation facilities, a serious illiteracy problem, and the fact that in certain regions, households are virtually inaccesible because of mountainous terrain. Such is the situation in He Feng County, Hubei Province, in southern central China. It has a population of 180,000 people composed of 3 ethnic groups. The communication barriers mentioned above act to hinder the promotion of effective family planning. In a study carried out in He Feng County, it was found that bad transportation facilities were a contributing factor to the region's backward education. Moreover, the illiteracy and semiilliteracy rates in He Feng County comprise 20% of the population. The problem is compounded by the fact that its 40,000 households are scattered throughout the mountains. In an effort to combat the prevailing situations, the author suggests that an effective means of family planning promotion would be the installation of loudspeakers in almost every household in the county (a total of 25,000 loudspeakers). This would provide suitable family planning education to males and females of different age groups and would foster knowledge of its significance and importance, thereby changing existing rural attitudes about family planning. Furthermore, the government could provide support groups in these regions in order to promote family planning objectives.     

A gold key to initiate a new situation in family planning work]

Because of the popularization of a responsible agricultural production system, the livilihood of peasants has been improving greatly, while the demands and needs of the general public are also increasing at the same time. Still under the influence of the traditional belief of carrying on one's family line and emphasis on having male children, married people prefer to have more childre, and the birth rate is now rising again. In order to solve this new problem, we need to teach the peasants national policies on population, land utilization, and food supply. In order to initiate a new situation in family planning work, we need to control this "gold key" of ideological education and propaganda. The emphasis should be placed on ideological education for cadres at all levels as well as the general public in order that they may understand the Party's strategy. Education on the national strategy should be combined with material interests of the peasants, and reward and punishment in production should also be linked up with that of family planning. Social measures are needed to reduce economic burdens of the peasants, offer better treatment for single-child households, and provide adequate care for old and retired people. Family planning projects should be consolidated and improved. Scientific management, facilities and techniques for birth control, compensation for working personnel in family planning, and other practical problems deserve immediate attention and solution.     

吉林省基层人口和计划生育工作干部队伍建设的现状、问题和对策

根据2006年对吉林省、市(州)及基层人口和计划生育干部进行的调查,对人口和计划生育干部的数量、年龄、学历、政策水平等进行研究。为全面准确地掌握吉林省、市(州)及基层人口和计划生育干部队伍建设的情况,增强全省人口和计划生育系统干部队伍培养的针对性,更好地完成新时期人口和计生工作任务提供了有效依据。     

计划生育家庭福利政策改革思路研究

随着经济体制变革、社会结构变动、利益格局调整等不断深化,传统家庭功能面临严峻挑战,计划生育家庭问题尤为突出。家庭是国外为数不多的福利扩张领域,也应是我国福利"增长"的优先领域。计划生育家庭福利改革框架包括三个层面:一是针对因执行计划生育国策而产生的确定性风险或不足,在养老保障个人账户下建立计生子账户,实现国家补贴直接送达家庭;二是针对因特有概率事件而形成的不确定性风险建立政策性生育保险,并覆盖农村育龄群体;三是明确计划生育/生殖健康服务作为国家基本公共服务的属性。     

人口与生育政策变动对代际关系的影响

人口与生育政策直接影响着人们的生育需求和生育观念 ,不同的政策有不同的生育动机 ,所追求的孩子数量、质量也不一样 ,从而导致父母与子女之间的代际关系各异。本文以 1 973年为界论述了我国 1 973年前后的人口与生育政策变化及生育观念的转变对代际关系的影响     

Family planning promotes social and economic development of Dongguan County]

Examination of the effects of family planning indicates 6 major social and economic changes which it has brought about in Dongguan County, China. Peoples' views on family planning have changed: they no longer believe the old notion that "more children guarantee a better life" and have done away with the convention of early marriage and early childbearing. The number of children per household has dropped from an average of 5.9 in the early 1950s to its present average of 2.05. The situation of women has undergone important changes. In the past, women bore many children and few worked outside the household. Today, in the city of Guancheng, 7000 of the 10,000 workers in city-owned factories are women. A 3rd effect of population control is increased production output and a better standard of living. Since 1979 when economic reform began, 90% of the presents built new homes and 70% of the households bought high standard consumer goods. A 4th improvement has been found in the development of education: 99.7% of school-age children attend elementary schools and the rate of graduating students is 98.2%; 92% of preschool children are involved in preschool programs; and 67,000 young women attend various kinds of vocational schools. A more civilized life style and more harmonious family lives have found as a 5th result of family planning measures. Finally, there have also been improvements in welfare and public sanitation facilities. For example, more than 200 water plants have been built in the county and 41% of the population drinks water which meets sanitation standards. It is concluded that the beneficial results of population control reported in this study should be of interest to all those involved in the field of family planning.     

论计划生育政策的完善与调整——基于公共政策视角

我国妇女生育率已经稳定在更替水平之下20多年且将持续运行。文章从公共政策视角出发探究在低生育水平下未来生育政策和计划生育工作的取向,研究结果认为计划生育政策和计划生育工作的积极效用是值得肯定的。但是,在新的人口形势下必须对其进行改革。从公共政策效用来看,现有严格的计划生育政策对于其他公共政策需求压力增大,带来一系列较高的执行成本,需要适时对其进行调整和完善,把握好公共政策的整体性和预见性,使计划生育工作和政策可以发挥积极的引导和激励作用,促进和实现人口的长期均衡发展。     

可持续生计分析框架下不同子女数量农户家庭生计策略的分析

利用可持续生计分析框架,以湖北4个县市为例,分析了不同子女数量农户的家庭生计策略。研究发现由于子女数量不同,相比子女较多的农户家庭,子女较少的农户家庭生计策略呈现出农业集约化程度较高、生计多样化程度较高以及子女外出务工人数较少的特点,这是子女较少农户为兼顾降低家庭脆弱性和提高家庭收入所做出的适合自身的生计策略。本文还发现,随着父母年龄的变老,子女较少的农户存在潜在的生计隐患。据此,本文提出了提高农户生计资本、以及政府帮助降低农户家庭脆弱性的政策建议。