Trends in Marital Instability in Italy in the 1980s

ABSTRACT The authors describe the most recent trends in separation and divorce in Italy using ISTAT data for the 1980–1991 period. The analysis shows a rising instability of marriage and thus a lessening of the gap between Italy and other western countries. The total divorce rate rose from three percent in the early 1980s to eight percent at the end of the 1980s. The analysis shows that the increasing breakdown of marriages is not due to “changes in timing” but to a real trend of ending marriages. Older couples have contributed more than younger couples to more unstable marriages over the past decade. Other variables continue today, as in the past, to be closely related to the instability of marriage in Italy.     

小样本协整系统的检验

采用Mon te Carlo 模拟方法, 给出了小样本容量下协整检验临界值的响应面( respon se su rface) 方程. 结果表明小样本协整检验的临界值不仅与样本容量有关, 还依赖于协整检验中 的滞后阶数. 最后对中国城镇居民的食品消费进行了小样本协整分析.     

批评应把握好原则

领导者不仅担负着管理单位日常事务的责任,也担负着教育下属的任务。当下属在工作中出现错误时,给予适当的批评不仅是必要的,而且是重要的。批评作为领导者的一种执政活动方式,有其独特的内在规律性。     

Money in Search Equilibrium,in Competitive Equilibrium,and in Competitive Search Equilibrium

We compare three market structures for monetary economies: bargaining (search equilibrium); price taking (competitive equilibrium); and price posting (competitive search equilibrium). We also extend work on the microfoundations of money by allowing a general matching technology and entry. We study how equilibrium and the effects of policy depend on market structure. Under bargaining, trade and entry are both inefficient, and inflation implies first‐order welfare losses. Under price taking, the Friedman rule solves the first inefficiency but not the second, and inflation may actually improve welfare. Under posting, the Friedman rule yields the first best, and inflation implies second‐order welfare losses.     

One-stop health care shopping in America--made in India

A multispecialty group practice in southern Maryland offers patients a multitude of services, while all billing and record keeping is completed overnight in India.     

供应链的协作供应问题研究

当供应链某活动环节的物资需求量过大时, 一个供应点常常不能提供其全部所需物资. 因此, 实际应用中需要多个供应点共同参与. 针对供应链物资需求的特点, 提出了多点协作供 应的数学模型, 通过引入可行方案的定义, 给出了可行方案存在的判定定理, 以及可行方案的 构造方法. 然而一个可行方案可能包含太多的供应点(太多的供应点有时意味着较高的生产准 备费用) , 因此该方案可能并不实用. 考虑到方案可靠性及费用, 给出了求取优化方案的一个启 发式方法. 最后对模型的系统软件集成进行了简单探讨     

网上创新竞争中解答者对发布者的信任问题研究

困扰网上创新竞争发展的一个重要因素是发布者作弊问题,它降低了解答者对发布者的信任,网络平台也采取各种方法监督作弊行为。为此,研究2个紧密关联的问题:①影响解答者对发布者信任的因素;②网络平台如何设定合适的监督水平。对问题①,基于信任理论构建研究模型,通过大样本问卷调研检验假设,结果表明:现有的信誉机制作用不显著,而网络平台本身的信誉和解答者满意度对信任有显著影响。实证研究结果凸显了网络平台服务水平的重要性,也是研究问题②的驱动因素。问题②的研究方法是博弈论,通过逆向求解,分析网络平台如何平衡成本和信誉来制定监督水平。最后,给出了主要结论以及未来的研究方向。     

Ambiguity in the Small and in the Large

This paper considers local and global multiple‐prior representations of ambiguity for preferences that are (i) monotonic, (ii) Bernoullian, that is, admit an affine utility representation when restricted to constant acts, and (iii) locally Lipschitz continuous. We do not require either certainty independence or uncertainty aversion. We show that the set of priors identified by Ghirardato, Maccheroni, and Marinacci's (2004) “unambiguous preference” relation can be characterized as a union of Clarke differentials. We then introduce a behavioral notion of “locally better deviation” at an act and show that it characterizes the Clarke differential of the preference representation at that act. These results suggest that the priors identified by these preference statements are directly related to (local) optimizing behavior.     

寡头市场产量与价格推测变差之间的关系

用于研究寡头垄断市场的推测变差方法,可以将各种寡头行为模型进行统一,本文在这个基础上,考察了产量推测和价格推测之间的关系。这种对应关系对于我们理解和指导实践,尤其是战略管理,都有一家的帮助。     

消费者选择的Multinomial Logit模型及其应用——以我国轿车市场为例

本文运用Multinomial logit(MNL)模型研究消费者在选择产品过程中其个人特征对消费者选择某个特定因素作为首选因素的影响以及相应的边际影响效果.通过对我国轿车消费者购买选择的实证研究结果表明MNL模型能够很好的反映轿车消费者个人特征和消费者购车时选择特定的因素作为首选因素的关系;实证结果发现消费者选择的首选因素会随着消费者个人特征的不同而发生变化.     

从价差看A、B股市场投资理念的差别

同股同权的A、B股价格上却存在着巨大差异,这一现象引起了广泛的研究,同时为我们研究两个市场中投资者投资理念上是否存在差异提供了一个很好的机会,通过实证分析认为投资理念的差别是导致A、B股巨大价差的原因之一。     

Public Trust in Government Concerning Tobacco Control in Japan

This study investigated public trust and its determinants concerning the government's control of tobacco in Japan. We focused on the two issues of government policies to ban smoking by minors and increase taxes on tobacco. We conducted a questionnaire survey in which respondents were asked to assess their trust in the government, the government's fairness and competency, and their value similarity with the government. One thousand three hundred and ninety-four respondents agreed to participate in the survey out of 2,600 randomly sampled adults over 20 years old from all over Japan. The results of multiple regression analysis confirmed that value similarity is the strongest predictor of public trust in the government. On the affirmatively supported issue of prohibiting smoking among minors, the results further indicated that assessment of competency is a stronger predictor than assessment of fairness. In contrast, assessment of fairness is a stronger predictor than assessment of competency for the still divided issue of increasing tobacco tax. Respondents who had low concern and had not formed clear opinions on the issues showed a weak link between assessment of value similarity and trust. Based on these findings, we considered the implications for the government's implementation of tobacco controls.     

Pharmaceuticals in Australia: priorities in a teaching hospital

In spite of rigorous government programs for control of the pricing and dissemination of pharmaceutical products in Australia, the list of new drugs continues to grow and prices to increase. To regain control over drug usage at Royal Adelaide Hospital, the Hospital Drug Committee developed a rating method that judged drugs on the basis of their cost-benefit to patients. The ratio of a total quality score to a total cost score becomes the determinant of additions to the hospital formulary. The background for the Australian approach to pharmaceuticals and the new evaluation technique at the teaching hospital are described in this report.     

我国实施风险导向审计应注意的问题

修订和完善审计规范体系时,最重要的一点就是要引入并注重风险的理念.审计规范体系包括审计准则(尤指独立审计准则)、质量控制准则、执业道德准则和后续教育准则,修订重点是独立审计具体准则.     

Modelling police success in catching burglars in the act

This paper is concerned with determining which factors influence the chances of the police catching the domestic burglar in the act. It is based on a 6-month study of ‘in progress’ burglary,¹ funded by the UK Home Office’s Policing and Crime Reducing Unit. Data were collected from the police records for the whole of a Regional Police Force. Binary regression models are developed which indicate the relative importance of individual burglary characteristics and the nature of the police response in determining the chance of a successful arrest at, or near, the crime-scene. Adjustments to the resourcing and organisation of police patrolling in order to improve capture rates are likely to prove successful only where burglary circumstances are favourable.     

企业人力资源规划模型的研究

本文针对企业人力资源的合理安排建立了规划模型,并讨论了效益函数建立的依据,研究了模型的求解方法,针对实例的计算,说明所应用的算法是有效的.为进一步研究人力资源规划问题,提供了一种定量的手段.     

Vom Controlling in der Gemeindeberatung zum Controlling in Kirchengemeinden

From controlling in parish advisory to controlling in church parishesThe author describes an internal controlling in a parish advisory organisation. He describes the various steps and the process of changing in the different committees involved, which lead to a changing in team advisory. From this he derives points of view to be considered when developing and implementing quality standards and controlling in the work with volunteers in parishes.     

Recent changes in long range corporate planning in Japan

In his article the author discusses an emerging new stage in Japanese long range corporate planning which reflects the struggles of Japanese companies against the new economic situation in which it is very difficult to enjoy a high economic growth rate. Among the many long range plans launched in 1976 and 1977 Hitachi's new long range plan provides an excellent illustration of the main features of the struggles. Using Hitachi as an example various new aspects manifested in Stage IV of Japanese long range corporate planning are described with reference to the economic and social background and its implications for Japanese companies.