什叶派集体认同与黎巴嫩民族国家构建

19世纪中叶以来,现代黎巴嫩民族国家逐渐形成。黎马龙派、逊尼派和德鲁兹派接受了以黎巴嫩为“永恒祖国”的原则,并将之作为构建黎巴嫩民族国家的基础。但黎什叶派传统的以封建家族首领为核心的教派认同,在经历了阿拉伯民族主义的挑战后,转变为以什叶派政治组织和民兵武装为基础的新什叶派教派认同。这种集体认同所具有的亲伊朗和叙利亚的属性,对构建黎巴嫩民族国家形成挑战。     

穆萨·萨德尔与黎什叶派

穆萨·萨德尔1928年出生在伊朗,1954～1957年在伊拉克求学,1959年来到黎巴嫩,成为黎巴嫩什叶派宗教和政治领袖,使什叶派进入黎巴嫩的权力中心,什叶派宗教领袖成为一种政治力量。可以说,他改变了黎巴嫩什叶派,也改变了黎巴嫩。     

穆萨·萨德尔与黎什叶派

穆萨·萨德尔1928年出生在伊朗,1954～1957年在伊拉克求学,1959年来到黎巴嫩,成为黎巴嫩什叶派宗教和政治领袖,使什叶派进入黎巴嫩的权力中心,什叶派宗教领袖成为一种政治力量.可以说,他改变了黎巴嫩什叶派,也改变了黎巴嫩.     

刍议信息传播与民族国家认同的建构

一般认为,认同性阶段,是民族国家建构的首个阶段。通过梳理这一阶段的构成要素,可以全息地发现信息传播在其中的特殊作用,即不断地在民族国家的内外部,传递信息、凝结共识,并及时地调整现有的文化资源、话语体系、价值规范,最终奠定民族国家认同的文化基石。     

消费主义视阈下“90后”大学生的国家认同与政治认同

消费主义作为一种"去意识形态"的意识形态,通过形而下的生活方式和消费内容,不同程度地影响和削弱当代大学生的国家、民族认同与政治认同,降低民族凝聚力、向心力、整合力,并进而影响到国家统一、民族团结和政治安定。因此,必须从意识形态安全、国家软实力等方面考虑,重视消费主义对大学生的国家认同、民族认同和政治认同方面的影响,从学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育和自我教育四个方面完善和提高大学生的国家认同、民族认同与政治认同,抵御消费主义文化的消极影响。     

丝绸之路经济带建设对新疆跨界民族国家认同的双重影响

丝绸之路经济带建设对于新疆跨界民族的国家认同来说,既有积极作用,又有消极影响。当前,必须抓住机遇,迎接挑战,在丝绸之路经济带核心区建设的时代背景下积极主动地强化新疆跨界民族的国家认同。     

民族旅游与民族认同:互动与建构

民族认同是一个不断发展变化的认知建构过程,互动对其产生影响。民族旅游的发展不但加强了民族群体内部的互动,而且为民族间的互动创造了更多的机会。两种互动过程中所建构的民族认同既包含了少数民族群体对自我身份与文化的认同,又扩展到对整个中华民族、整个国家的认同,双重的归属感由此被激发。本文试图分析少数民族的旅游发展对民族认同的影响,并思考基于一种表演性的民族特色展示怎样作用于民族旅游中的互动过程。     

教育的民族国家认同、凝聚与经济发展

在市场经济和全球化背景下,学业失败和社会排斥更多地发生在少数民族群体身上,个体矛盾很容易变成民族问题的萌芽。在绝大多数民族国家,形成国家意志、公民人格和民族认同的主要途径仍然是教育。在借鉴世界诸多国家少数民族教育有益做法的基础上,我国走出了一条具有中国特色的民族教育之路,发挥了促进民族团结、缩小地区差异、提高国家凝聚力的积极作用。     

Collective Identity and Hazardous Waste Management

Abstract In addition to environmental and safety concerns, hazardous facilities pose threats to collective identity. For a community, such identity issues involve processes of negotiation rather than fixed change and impact. Qualitative research enables access to complex definitions and accounts of community change in dynamic settings. Using ethnographic, interview, and content analysis data from a case study, I show how informants offered insights about the relationships between stigmatization, community reputation, and development. Although community members did not seek stigmatization due to living near perceived threats, they imputed positive and negative consequences to such a reputation. For example, many respondents who identified with the local area hoped that the stigma attached to their community would prevent additional growth. These findings suggest that immediate and more tangible concerns, such as effects on the community due to rapid residential growth, may take precedence over concerns associated with the chronic uncertainties of risks from hazardous waste management facilities.     

Collective Memory Anchors: Collective Identity and Continuity in Social Movements

Abstract

Drawing on ethnographic data from two social movement organizations, this article highlights the way that remembrances of the past are inserted into present interactions to help maintain a sense of movement continuity. Seeing collective identity and collective memory as intertwined dynamic processes, the article argues that the continuity of a social movement is maintained, in part, when movement members insert narrative commemorations that constrain current collective identity development. The process examined is that of “collective memory anchoring,” in which participants instrumentally and/or contextually bring forward the past during interactions in such a way that the formulation of elements in a movement's collective identity appears to mirror past formulations. The common constraints of preexisting networks, participants' shared cultural backgrounds, and a movement's collective action frames are explored.     

Ritualizing the Routine: Collective Identity Affirmation

Groups use rituals to create and preserve collective identities. Separation of sacred practices from customary activities has long been considered a key property of ritual. However, customary activities form the basis of some ritual celebrations. We explain how a different process of identity creation results: identity affirmation. We find that groups affirm their customary practices on ritual occasions when they intend to celebrate practices already associated with the sacred, and we explain the structure of such rituals using a case study of a university centennial celebration. We argue that attention to variation in ritual casts light on the values and collective identity of groups.     

Social Movement Endurance: Collective Identity and the Rastafari

In this paper we argue that a movement's longevity depends on its ability to develop and sustain a strong sense of collective identity. We investigate social movement endurance by examining the Rastafari, whose membership is comprised primarily of disadvantaged Jamaicans of African descent. While many social movements fade after a short-lived peak, the Rastafari not only has persisted, but it also has become globally important. Despite its radical posture and its perceived threat to the Jamaican established order, the movement has prevailed for more than six decades. On the basis of a number of concepts derived from different theoretical traditions in social movement theory, we examine the dynamic processes involved in the construction of collective identity among the Rastafari. We are particularly interested in the concepts of "cognitive liberation,""movement culture/boundary structure," and "the politics of signification." These concepts allow us to describe and analyze the key dimensions of the Rastafarian collective identity. This framework, we argue, enhances our understanding of collective identity as well as the processes contributing to social movement longevity.     

Symbolic Violence and Collective Identity: Pierre Bourdieu and the Ethics of Resistance

Social movement researchers have only recently begun to make use of the rich explanatory leverage offered by Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. The normative implications of his framework remain almost entirely undeveloped. This paper seeks to redress these shortcomings by applying central concepts from Bourdieu's work—symbolic violence and his realist philosophy of science—to social movement analysis. Using North American lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer collective identities to illustrate this application, the paper advocates shifting analysis of collective identities from models based on negotiation to one based on domination and advocates treatment of social movement organizations as sites of justice amenable to normative evaluation and critique.     

"饭圈"集体仪式中的价值认同

集体仪式是“饭圈”开展实践活动的基本样态,其中生成的价值认同造就了“饭圈”的差异与同一。集体仪式本质上是一种符号互动过程,为“饭圈”价值认同生成提供了实践动力。“饭圈”的价值认同并非对“某一价值”的抽象认同,其本质是粉丝对“饭圈”社会关系的归属感。受集体仪式影响,“饭圈”价值认同的演化过程包括强化、转移、危机、重构四个方面。“饭圈”的集体仪式为治理“饭圈”价值生态、引导青年粉丝价值观念提供了切口。从规则筑基、关系破壁、主流引领三个方面,我们能够借助集体仪式对“饭圈”的价值认同加以引导,帮助粉丝群体树立正确的价值观念。     

Subcultural Identity Work in Social Movements: Barriers to Collective Identity Changes and Overcoming Them

Over time, social movements must contend with a vast array of forces that can lead to changes in the movement's collective identity. As such changes may impact the alignment of movements and their membership, this study explores how changes are perceived by members and how they are interactively addressed. Drawing on ethnographic data gathered from two Native American social movement organizations, this study specifically asks why some changes suggested by movement members might be pursued and others are not. While movement members felt that there were a number of barriers to changes in their movements, the study revealed that it was the resonance of collective memories – presented during interactions as narrative commemorations – that encouraged the pursuit of suggested changes or the maintenance of a status quo.     

Social Movement Strategy,Tactics, and Collective Identity1

Tactical choices and their execution are closely related to the construction of collective identities in social movements. Studying collective identity has helped scholars understand why people participate in collective action, but the array of tactics that constitute action has not been fully explored. An emerging interest in culture and strategy that situates social movement actors in a field of contention with opponents, allies, and bystanding publics raises questions about the tactics that are used and the construction of collective identity, which is formed in interaction with others. Strategies and tactics reflect collective identities but also provide opportunities for reaffirming or challenging them. Innovative methods can create tension as activists work to resolve what they do with who they feel they are. Conflict studies, nonviolent action studies, and sociological research using concepts such as framing, discourse, protest events, and tactical repertoires offer tools with which to bridge tactics and collective identity.     

Collective Identity in Social Movements: Central Concepts and Debates

The concept of collective identity has been used extensively by social movement scholars seeking to explain how social movements generate and sustain commitment and cohesion between actors over time. Despite its wide application, collective identity is a notoriously abstract concept. This article focuses on the use of the concept in the literature on contemporary social movements and offers a comprehensive theoretical overview. The central elements of collective identity in the social movement literature are developed, and some key differences in interpretations are highlighted. Finally, some contemporary debates around the continuing usefulness and limitations of the concept of collective identity are explored, with a special emphasis on the challenges of applying the concept to movements that define themselves in terms of heterogeneity, diversity and inclusiveness.     

Crafting the Collective Identity: The Origin and Transformation of Taiwanese Nationalism*

Abstract This essay starts with the observation that the common perspective on third world nationalism, which emphasizes the centrality of West/non-West tensions, is inadequate in explaining the development of specific nationalist discourses in the third world. As an attempt to come closer to a good understanding of the specific situations of third world nationalism, it engages in a case study of post-war Taiwan, whose nationalist discourse had gone through three phases: Political Nationalism, Rational Nationalism, and Identity Nationalism. How and why these different phases developed constitutes my overarching question. Noting the importance of social relationships and the specificity of contextual constraints in the life of a nationalist movement, I develop a perspective which stresses relationality and contingency. This newperspective leads to the recognition of the centrality of the relationships among the ruling party (the KMT), Taiwanese nationalists, social groups in Taiwan, and the dominant regimes in the world system in understanding the transformation of the Taiwanese nationalist discourse. This study points to the multiplicity of domination and contention, the reflection upon which reveals that particular groups, such as the bourgeoisie, are likely to occupy contradictory positions in the nationalist struggle, and that such contradictions may amount to transformative forces.