对外汉语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养策略——以文化教学为例

近年来,中国及中国文化在国际上的影响力逐年增强,越来越多的外国友人希望了解中国文化,而国际文化交流活动对人才需求量的增加也促进了对外汉语专业的蓬勃发展。对外汉语教学主要以培养具有跨文化交流能力的高端人才为目标,而在这一教学过程中,文化教学则是提高学生跨文化交际能力的关键,本文主要以文化教学为例,探究了对外汉语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养策略。     

论交际文化在初级对外汉语教材中的编写

教材编写是一门学科发展水平的重要衡量标准,也是这门学科建设的重要组成部分。对外汉语的教材建设是对外汉语这门学科建设的重要组成部分。而语言又与文化密切相关,文化教学是对外汉语教学的重要组成部分,也是教学的重点。交际文化教学又在对外汉语文化教学中占有重要的地位和不可替代的作用,尤其是初级阶段的文化导入有为关键,这是二语学习者学习语言的关键时期。也是交际文化导入的关键时期。     

试论体态语在对外汉语教学中的应用

体态语作为非语言交际的重要组成部分,在日常交际中起着举足轻重的作用。随着时代的发展,跨文化交际越来越频繁,体态语在跨文化交际中的作用也日益显露出来,体态语是对语言文字的补充说明,也是对部分语言文字的强调。对外汉语教学是跨文化交际中比较典型的交际环境,本文将以对外汉语教学为例探讨体态语的应用。     

功能法在对外汉语听力教学中的应用

在今天,越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语。听力教学在对外汉语教学中占重要地位,而且听力学习并不是学习者被动地接受,而是需要学习者积极主动地参与。功能法是一种以真实交际或模拟真实交际工具为主要教学方式的教学法,正是适合运用于对外汉语听力教学中的方法。在听力教学中运用功能法,不仅能活跃课堂气氛,还能提高学生的交际能力。     

跨文化交际能力培养与对外汉语教学关系研究

对外汉语教学的教育目的之一是培养学生的跨文化交际能力,提高学生的文化敏感度。对外汉语教师是培养学生跨文化交际能力的最直接影响因素。本文从跨文化交际能力的入手,提出目前对外汉语教学过程中所存在的问题,并尝试从以下几个方面培养学生的跨文化交际能力:加强文化教学、利用多媒体现代化教学手段、利用对比分析和偏误分析找出教学重难点。     

谈对外汉语教学中民俗的渗透问题

不同的民族有不同的语言,不同语言背后隐含着不同的民俗文化,在跨文化交际中,民俗语言往往容易成为交际障碍,影响人与人的沟通与交流。这种交际障碍在对外汉语教学中体现的最为明显。如何在对外汉语教学中注入民俗文化因素,以利于语言教学,是值得对外汉语教师思考的问题。     

对外汉语教学中的跨文化交际学

对外汉语教学是一种特殊的跨文化交际活动。而文化差异正式跨文化教师中的重中之重。师生双方应树立什么样的跨文化交际观,以及如何培养学生正确的跨文化交际观,是取得良好教学效果、培养学生语言能力和语言交际能力非常重要的方面,也是在跨文化交际中避免文化冲突的非常重要的方面。每个对外汉语教师,他所面对的是来自世界各地、与我们汉文化迥异的留学生,这就不可避免地出现了跨文化交际问题。     

浅析对外汉语教学中教师的文化宽容

随着经济的迅猛发展,中国国际地位不断提升,"汉语热"正席卷全球。越来越多的外国人想要学习或者正在学习汉语,同样也有越来越多的人趋向于从事对外汉语教学。为了应对教学中出现的文化障碍甚至冲突,促进对外汉语教学的顺利开展和跨文化交际目的的实现,教师的文化宽容则显得至关重要。本文主要从文化宽容的研究背景及现状、内涵、归因分析等几个方面,探究教师的文化宽容在对外汉语教学中的影响及应用,从而完善对外汉语教学实践,推动对外汉语教学开展,帮助非汉语母语者更好地学习汉语语言文化。     

对外汉语口语语块研究述评

汉语口语教学承担着培养留学生汉语口语交际能力的重任,但是汉语二语学习者很难达到表达的流利性、准确性、得体性和复杂性要求。经过近年对关于对外汉语口语语块期刊论文的梳理,主要从汉语语块定义与分类、语块在对外汉语口语教学中的意义和语块教学建议三个方面归纳总结对外汉语口语语块的研究现状。     

情景教学法在初级汉语口语教学中的应用

口语教学的目标是培养学生的语言交际能力,情景教学法在对外汉语口语教学中对提高留学生的口语交际能力十分重要。但在实际对外汉语教学中,由于缺乏真实的语言环境,课堂气氛比较沉闷,致使教学效率较低。文章以初级汉语口语教学为研究对象,探讨如何将情景教学法恰当地运用到口语教学中去。     

Taking risks when communicating on the Internet: the role of offline social-psychological factors in young people's vulnerability to online risks

Children and young people encounter a range of risks on the internet relating to communication. Making friends online has attracted particular attention as a risky behaviour, especially when this leads to offline meetings, as has giving out personal information online. This article, based on the 'UK Children Go Online' survey, seeks to explain the online communication of 9-19-year-olds in terms of their offline socio-psychological characteristics (shyness, life satisfaction, risk-taking), family communication patterns and online behaviour/skills. Findings show that older teens engage in more online communication activities than do younger children and so encounter more communication risks. Although girls communicate more on the internet, this seems not to put them more at risk. It was found that children's offline social psychological characteristics, particularly their levels of life satisfaction and risk-taking, influence their online communication, with different online communication activities being predicted by different patterns of off- and online characteristics. There are weak indications that, in families which have a more conversational style of communication, teens may take fewer risks online, including a lower likelihood of meeting online friends offline. Multiple regression analyses show that those children and teens who are less satisfied with their lives and who have become more frequent and skilled internet users are more likely to value the internet as a communicative environment in which they feel more confident than they do offline, particularly in relation to the potential for anonymous communication. Since this in turn leads some into risky activities, the implications for research and policy are discussed.     

Kommunikation – Arbeit – KommunikationsarbeitCommunication – Work – Communication work

Characteristic of modern work in highly developed capitalist countries is, that on the one hand work processes are computerized and on the other hand more and more areas of social, formerly life-world communications are economised. Both goes together in modern communication work. Secular life communication can be continued regardless of a consenting Yes or negative No. This is different for communication work, which is not primarily about understanding but to consent because the work aspect of communication work cannot be realized if the communication offer is rejected. With the hegemonic of communication work and the resolution of the boundary between the world of work and the word of living increases the risk, that social communication altogether becomes strategic in the persuasive organization of approval and criticism is neutralized.     

Sex-related communication with mothers and close friends during the transition to university

The current study examines communication about sex-related topics with close friends and mothers during the first semester of college. Students (N = 182, 50% female, mean age = 18.5) completed surveys about the frequency and quality of their sex-related communication with same-sex close friends and mothers, and sexual experience and attitudes. Sex-related communication was more frequently reported by women than men and with close friends than with mothers. Sexually active students discussed most topics more frequently than abstinent students. Communication with close friends was a stronger correlate of sexual attitudes than communication with mothers. Finally, the quality of communication with close friends was more strongly associated with sexual experience and attitudes than communication with mothers. Findings suggest the importance of understanding the role of friends in assigning meaning to sexual behaviors and beliefs.     

Examining cultural and gender similarities and differences in college students’ value of communication skills in romantic relationships

This study assessed and compared the communication skills that native Chinese and native American college students value in the context of romantic relationships. A total of 319 Chinese and 262 American college students responded to questionnaires that assessed the values they placed on six different communication skills. The results showed that the American students valued four of six communication skills more than the Chinese students (i.e. conversational, informative, listening, and narrative skills). The men and women in both cultural groups valued affective communication skills more than instrumental communication skills. In both cultural groups, women placed greater value on affective communication skills than men. The findings also showed a significant mediating effect of gender orientation (masculinity and femininity) on the value placed on communication skills and a significant effect of self-construal, which mediated between nationality and the value assigned to communication skills.     

Crisis communication online: How medium,crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

Social media play in today's societies a fundamental role for the negotiation and dynamics of crises. However, classical crisis communication theories neglect the role of the medium and focus mainly on the interplay between crisis type and crisis communication strategy. Building on the recently developed “networked crisis communication model” we contrast effects of medium (Facebook vs. Twitter vs. online newspaper) and crisis type (intentional vs. victim) in an online experiment. Using the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster as crisis scenario, we show that medium effects are stronger than the effects of crisis type. Crisis communication via social media resulted in a higher reputation and less secondary crisis reactions such as boycotting the company than crisis communication in the newspaper. However, secondary crisis communication, e.g. talking about the crisis communication, was higher in the newspaper condition than in the social media conditions because people consider traditional media as more credible. We also found higher levels of anger in the intentional crisis condition than in the victim crisis condition. Anger in turn was related to reputation, secondary crisis communication and secondary crisis reaction. The results stress the need for more complex models of crisis communication.     

The Affordance Utilization Model: Communication Technology Use as Relationships Develop

This essay proposes an affordance utilization model (AUM) that aims to understand the role of relationship development in communication technology use. The AUM draws from research regarding (1) social penetration theory and (2) the communication technology affordances of asynchronicity (i.e., a time lag between when a message is constructed and received) and reduced cues (i.e., the lack of visual and/or vocal cues). It proposes that these affordances are positively associated with communication competence and self-disclosure but that relationship development affects these associations. The AUM proposes that as relationships become more developed, communication technology affordances are less likely to be associated with communication competence and self-disclosure in relationships. The AUM also proposes that as relationships become more developed, relational partners will see affordances as less important and will use them less. Potential implications of the AUM for research on communication technologies in relationships are discussed.     

Does Couples' Communication Predict Marital Satisfaction,or Does Marital Satisfaction Predict Communication?

The quality of communication between spouses is widely assumed to affect their subsequent judgments of relationship satisfaction, yet this assumption is rarely tested against the alternative prediction that communication is merely a consequence of spouses' prior levels of satisfaction. To evaluate these perspectives, newlywed couples' positivity, negativity, and effectiveness were observed four times at 9‐month intervals, and these behaviors were examined in relation to corresponding self‐reports of relationship satisfaction. Cross‐sectionally, relatively satisfied couples engaged in more positive, less negative, and more effective communication. Longitudinally, reliable communication‐to‐satisfaction and satisfaction‐to‐communication associations were identified, yet neither pathway was particularly robust. These findings raise important doubts about theories and interventions that prioritize couple communication skills as the key predictor of relationship satisfaction, while raising new questions about other factors that might predict communication and satisfaction and that strengthen or moderate their association.     

Cultivating employee creativity through strategic internal communication: The role of leadership,symmetry, and feedback seeking behaviors

Using a survey of 405 full-time employees, this study examined how organizations’ internal communication influenced by leadership communication at the supervisory- and senior-levels impacts employee creativity and how employees’ feedback-seeking behaviors mediate these relationships. The results suggest that leadership communication at the supervisory and senior levels positively influence symmetrical internal communication system. The analysis also shows that symmetrical internal communication and leadership communication cause employees to seek more feedback from different interpersonal sources including supervisors, coworkers, and peers in other departments, which in turn enhances creativity. This paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for public relations and internal communication.     

Barriers and Prompts to Parent-Child Sexual Communication

One key resource for improving sexual health outcomes for young people is parent-child sexual communication, but researchers have yet to explore what prompts these conversations, and detailed research into the barriers of these conversations is lacking. This study aims to explicate what prompts these conversations and what prevents them from happening more often. A nationally representative, random sample of U.S. mothers and fathers was surveyed (N = 186). Participants reported that thinking their child is too young, regardless of the child’s age, was a major communication barrier, while communication self-efficacy and perceived value in sexual communication were associated with more communication. Sexual communication was often prompted by the child, or the parent deciding the child was “old enough,” and was rarely prompted by a family member or healthcare provider. Implications for improving parent-child sexual communication are discussed.