上海多层次医疗保障体系多元共建研究

上海建立多层次医疗保障体系的核心力量是医保部门,要做好保基本、广覆盖,从夯实底线入手,减少或避免因病致贫情况的发生。调整完善大病保险、医疗救助的政策,健全重特大疾病医疗保险和救助制度,发挥精准减负功能。利用商业保险独特的灵活保障机制,设置差异化产品,满足多元需求。对慈善捐助等方面开展研究,积极探索、规范引导,打好多层次医疗保障的“组合拳”。     

脱贫农户医保政策调整影响与发展方向研究

适当的医疗保障体系是解决中国农村贫困问题的重要举措,也是预防返贫的重要举措。在脱贫攻坚阶段,医疗救助和医疗保险相结合,通过参保补贴、报销优待和自付部分的再报销等超常措施,解决了因病致贫问题,但在医疗保险基金的可承受性和公平性方面也受到学界和业界的质疑。在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的过渡期,医疗保障政策如何调适是一个复杂的问题,通过政策文本分析与地方实践专题调研,各地在过渡期脱贫户医保政策调整过程中探索出固定型定额补贴、梯次推进型的定额补贴、结合型资助补贴以及基本稳定型等多种调整模式。从政策调整效果和影响来看,救助性质的医保帮扶政策仍很必要,一部分脱贫户的医疗负担仍然较重,欠发达农村仍然需要一定的医疗保障的倾斜支持。面向脱贫人口的医疗保障政策的调整需要在保基本、公平性与可承受性之间找到平衡点。未来政策调整或发展应兼顾基本性、公平性和可承受性原则,梯度推进逐步调整;应优化医疗保障制度结构、弱化政策身份捆绑,统筹解决目录外的大额支出问题;应强化重点帮扶地区医疗保障优惠政策支持,提高重点帮扶地区医疗保障水平;还要通过提升医疗服务效率、挖掘医疗服务潜力,间接提升医保的保障能力。     

古巴、英国医疗保险制度对中国的借鉴意义

医疗保险制度是我国社会保障制度中的重要组成部分,关乎千千万万群众的生活,更与国民幸福度等指标息息相关。当前,我国社会保障制度仍存在某些不足,医疗保障领域"看病难,看病贵"的问题仍亟待解决。在社会保障制度改革的道路上,学习和了解其他典型国家、典型模式的医疗保障制度将有益于开拓视野,为医疗保险制度改革提供借鉴和思路。通过了解古巴的全民免费医疗体系及英国的全民医疗服务体系,发掘其优点,寻找值得我们学习和探索的措施、政策,将有益于我国医疗保险制度逐步完善,为增进民生福祉作出贡献。     

我国医疗救助制度存在的问题及对策

我国医疗救助制度从制定以来，在实施的过程中存在救助资金不足、救助方式不完善、与其他社会医疗保障制度衔接不畅以及其社会属性不明显等方面的问题，对此提出拓宽医疗救助资金来源、实现“三位一体”的医疗救助方式、重视贫困边缘人群等对策建议，以期望医疗救助制度能更好的惠及更多的贫困人群．     

唐山市居民参保人员对医保制度认知度及满意度调查

通过对获得城镇居民医疗保险医疗费用补偿者的调查研究来了解城镇居民的医疗保障水平以及对医疗保险制度的认知度及满意度的情况,为提高唐山市城镇居民的医疗保障提供线索,对完善医疗保险制度提供建议。     

农村重度残疾人家庭照料负担及政策支持研究

沉重的家庭照料负担极易导致农村重度残疾人家庭陷入致贫返贫风险.对河北、河南、山东、湖北及广东等地428个农村重度残疾家庭的调查显示,家庭成员是重度残疾人最主要的照料者,以提供生活照料为主.农村重度残疾人家庭不仅面临着医疗康复等客观负担、照料者的精神负担和心理压力,还面临着因照料重度残疾人所产生的机会成本.当前,农村重度残疾人照料负担的社会分担机制存在着明显的短板.为巩固拓展残疾人脱贫攻坚成果,防止贫困边缘群体返贫,需要大力整合残疾人社会救助、老年福利及扶贫政策资源,扩大集中托养服务覆盖面,开展照料者照料知识和技能培训,构建照料负担的多元参与分担机制.     

我国大学生医疗保险现状分析

大学生是一群特殊的群体,是社会建设的主要力量。在全民医保的背景下,国务院出台了相关大学生医疗保险政策,政策要求从2009年9月起将各高校大学生全部纳入城镇居民基本医疗保险参保的范围。大学生参保,可以通过社会互助共济来解决大学生的大额和大病医疗费用问题,提高大学生医疗保障水平,降低学校和家庭经济压力,同时解决不同性质学校之间学生医疗保障待遇差别较大的问题。如今,大学生医疗保险制度实施已经5年时间了,本文将对大学生医疗保险现状进行分析。     

中国多层次医疗保障发展思辨：基本多层向多元多层转型

多层次医疗保障是医保制度建设的目标之一,医保制度转型以来中国医疗保障逐渐形成了以补偿基本医疗费用为核心的多层次板块化分担机制,呈现出目前基本多层的特点。随着经济社会发展和国民收入的持续提高,人民健康需求的多样化、多元化、复杂化,推动着医疗保障从治疗端向前端预防后端康复延伸,并与公共卫生、医疗、医药融合发展。从政府主导向政府、社会、市场协同治理发展,使中国多层次医疗保障从基本多层向多元多层转型。通过整合大病保险、医疗救助,进一步筑牢做大基本医疗保险,从基金封顶向自付封顶发展,增强基本医保的保障功能,充分化解医疗经济风险;通过制度化逐步提高商业健康保险最低赔付率,鼓励开发差异化健康保险产品,扩展健康保障的宽度;通过规范引导社会、慈善等第三次分配主体参与医疗保障体系,推动共建共享,扩展多元治理的深度。同时以医疗保障的支付方式改革为杠杆,推动中国医疗卫生体系四位一体的发展,形成治理合力,提高医保治理效能。     

上海市残疾人社会保障问题

改革开放以来，上海残疾人社会保障事业取得了显著成就，现在存在的问题主要有：残疾人社会保障的法制建设滞后，实施机制不健全；缺乏城乡一体化的残疾人社会保障体系，保障分散而零碎，保障面狭窄；过分强调家庭与残疾人的自我保障责任，保障资金短缺；社会保障功能不足，未能有效保障残疾人的基本生活权益；残疾人社会保障的环境障碍仍然存在。“十一五”期间，上海要按照“要分类、有梯次、保基本、广覆盖”的要求，完善残疾人社会保障体系，实现残疾人社会保障全覆盖；加大残疾人救助力度，逐步建立完善分类施保救助体系；健全残疾人救助制度，提高残疾人生活水平。     

哪九种医辣康复项目纳入医保

问：近日有关部门下发了通知，规定了一些医疗康复项目将纳入基本医疗保障范围，请问是哪些项目，能详细告知吗？答：为提高残疾人基本医疗保障水平，卫生部、人力资源和社会保障部、民政部、财政部、中国残联等部门近日共同下发通知，将9种医疗康复项目纳入基本医疗保障范围。     

Politique et expertise scientifique. La régulation européenne des médicaments

A study of the EU system for regulating medicinal products is used to show the usefulness of distinguishing between policy-making and scientific expertise when analyzing political decision-making. This approach presupposes identifying the characteristics of scientific expertise. The experts responsible for assessing drugs have to combine knowledge and action. Questions are raised about how work is shared between decision-makers and experts. In the case of medicinal products, the work of experts has absorbed decision-making. Lest we waver between explanations in terms either of science or else of politics, it is necessary to substantively identify expertise’s political dimensions. Two conceptions — the “healthy man’s” and the “sick man’s” — of the purpose of assessing medicinal products stand out in debates; but political authorities pay no heed to them.     

The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman

The issue of legitimation by political elites has been a central concern of political scientists for many years. This article draws upon the work of Murray Edelman who was instrumental in analysing this relationship between rulers and ruled, the relatively powerful and relatively powerless, through an understanding of language, symbolism and the manipulation of information. It concludes with the contention that the Internet offers the prospect for governments to create new 'electronic faces', which act to support a symbolic architecture of power.     

Wedding the dragon: The powerful feminine as seen in Jewish women’s dreams

Abstract

This article addresses the theological and liturgical problem of incorporating mythic traditions of the divine feminine into contemporary practice, given the typically essentialist nature of these traditions. The article considers the dream practice of a Jewish women’s learning community, the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute, and applies this practice to several “dragon dreams” in which dragons appear as powerful, erotic, sacred figures that “queer” the divine feminine by offering a norm-upending vision of what the feminine is and does. These dragon dreams provide a powerful alternative to traditional Jewish images of the female dragon in which the dragon represents the demonic feminine. I suggest that dreams can offer a “queering” of mythic images of the sacred feminine because they contain images that have mythic depth but also upend norms and expectations. The article then explores how these dragon images have made their way into the liturgy and theology of the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute.     

Un atelier d’écriture internationale : l’OCDE au travail. Éléments de sociologie de la forme « rapport »

The writing of a “transversal” report on employment at the OECD is examined by focusing not on the finished product but, instead, on the drafting of the report. This approach allows for exploring the dynamics of power at work inside the OECD. It opens toward broader considerations about how this type of international organization produces knowledge in economics and weaves relations, throughout the long process of drafting the report, with those who requested it. This article analyzes how economic issues are assembled through a succession of intermediate studies and reshaped through an asymmetrical competition between services. By making visible the process of constructing the position of “institutional author”, this analysis repositions on new grounds the problem of “influence”, which usually arises in organizations of this sort.     

WHAT IS THE MULTITUDE?

Nicholas Brown and Imre Szeman continue their conversation with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. (See ‘The Global Coliseum: On Empire’ in Cultural Studies, 16.2, (March 2002), p. 177–192). In this new interview they press the authors of Empire and Multitude on questions that have arisen both out of their own involvement with the theoretical issues generated by Empire and from new areas opened up by Multitude. Why is the multitude not a class? How can the unity of a political project be maintained in the multiplicity of the multitude? Is democracy still a project for the future? Can a political subject constitute itself outside the structure of sovereignty? In other words, what is the multitude?     

DEFINING MOMENTS: THE TENSION BETWEEN RICHNESS AND REACH

The defining moments of traditional spatially based higher education are made up of fixed and fluid experiences. These 'moments' are now creaking as funding per student falls and the romanticized ideal of an education detached from 'real' life falters under the weight of highly variable student experiences. Distance learning in all its guises has always been regarded as inferior by those embedded in the traditional system. However more and more students demand something different from costly campus-based education. It is time for a more open discussion about the tensions between richness and reach and the role that new facilities like the Internet could play in reaching more students without wallowing in the nostalgia that often accompanies such debates.     

A Stylistic Analysis of Hemingway’s A Clean,Well-Lighted Place

One important theme of Hemingway＇s A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is the nothingness of life itself, At the beginning of this short story, Hemingway presents a setting--the cafe, which is familiar to us, and then moves our attention to focus on the characters within that setting, The story is told through the dialogues between the two waiters and is in third-person narration, In the following paragraphs we will focus on stylistic characteristics of this short story,     

INFORMATION-CENTRED DESIGN: A methodology for designing virtual meeting DESIGN environments

Development of single-user computer applications has often been based on user-centred or task-centred design methodologies, with some success. These methodologies are also useful for guiding the development of multi-user CSCW applications whenever the basic characteristics of the users, or the type of tasks for which the system is being designed are identifiable. The effectiveness of these methodologies as a basis for the design of virtual meeting environments for supporting community-based activities, on the other hand, is rather limited. This is mainly due to the fact that for such systems it is not generally possible to identify the user or task requirements, as these vary considerably from one community to another, or even within the same community over a period of time. New methodologies need to be devised, or existing methodologies have to be modified, to direct the development of virtual environments for which the characteristics of the users or their activities are not known in advance. This paper introduces the concept of information-centred design. Information-centred design, though not fully devised yet, focuses on the identification of the type of information, as well as the way it is collected and utilized by the users of a virtual meeting environment. This pool of information, which plays an important role in facilitating interaction and communication between the members of a community, could be defined as their communal memory.     

Recruitment of foreign male and female fighters to Jihad: Morocco’s multifaceted counter-terror strategy

Field research on ‘young Moroccan Jihadists in Syria and Iraq from northern Morocco’ unexpectedly revealed the mundane factors behind their recruitment represented in the self-realization and the search for heroism, adventure and money, were the main reasons for the recruitment of young people in northern Morocco terrorist organizations, especially the Daesh. The religious factor is secondary. To combat terrorism and extremism which is spreading in the MENA region requires political will. Appropriate laws should be enacted as soon as possible and policies must be implemented to ensure border control, the closure of financing ports, propaganda platforms, anti-addiction, etc.     

La contingence et le travail de conception. Définir,organiser, délibérer

The activity of a design office consists in producing plans for things that do not yet exist. If, through poor management, the designers fail to anticipate accurately what the product will be, work will be inappropriately allocated and divided. Given the uncertain nature of the activity and the outcome, designers are simultaneously involved in the process of producing technical solutions, a process of organisation — through constant reallocation of tasks — and a political process of ironing out disagreements — through the exploration of multiple heterogeneous possibilities.