Semantic the semantic analysis method and the progress of scientific realism

自20世纪30年代以来,语义分析方法就在科学哲学的历史演进与传承中具有了重要的方法论意义,同时它也为科学实在论与反实在论的论争、相互借鉴与渗透提供了对话的平台。今天,当我们反观这一历史时,重新理解语义分析方法的重要性,认识语境化的语义结构对把握科学理论解释的基础地位,掌握确定和表达指称是对理论进行解释的语义分析的方法论核心,明确“二维”语义学分析是当前语义分析方法论研究的必然趋向,从而,在形式、内容、结构和体系上重建语义分析方法在科学实在论研究中的方法论地位,对推动当代科学实在论的发展具有极其重大的战略性意义。     

我国央行房贷政策的特点、问题及对策

近年来,中国房地产过热的现象已引起学术界及决策层的高度重视,中央银行也多次采取相关措施试图抑制房地产的进一步升温,进而最大限度的降低由此带来的负面影响。从传统的经济学角度看,当前央行政策并无不妥,但若从当代金融学(特别是近20年来西方较为前沿的金融学理论)角度来看,目前我国的货币政策的确存在一定问题:未能正确反映投资成本与投资预期的关系、政策对象界定不清、头寸体系过于单一,缺乏相关头寸支持等。     

浅析公共财政理论与财政改革

公共财政是市场经济发展到一定阶段的产物。随着发达国家公共产品理论的创立和福利经济学、新制度经济学的兴起,公共财政已经渐成共识并深入人心。伴随我国经济体制改革的深入发展和社会主义市场经济的建立,我国的财政改革也日益采纳公共财政的理论内涵和理论描述。     

"农业产业化"的内涵及特征

农业产业化是传统农业的升级过程 ,是农业生产力和市场经济高度发展的必然产物。它包括准宏观和准微观两个经济层次上的变革。较之传统农业有着本质的区别 ,具有组织一体化、关联紧密化、生产集约化、分工专业化、服务社会化等特征。是对传统农业进行彻底变革 ,使其适应现代科学技术和市场经济的需要 ,实现产业结构升级、产业组织优化、产业布局合理化的发展过程     

Critical Realism,Dialectics, and Qualitative Research Methods

Critical realism has been an important advance in social science methodology because it develops a qualitative theory of causality which avoids some of the pitfalls of empiricist theories of causality. But while there has been ample work exploring the relationship between critical realism and qualitative research methods there has been noticeably less work exploring the relationship between dialectical critical realism and qualitative research methods. This seems strange especially since the founder of the philosophy of critical realism, Roy Bhaskar, employs and develops a range of dialectical concepts in his later work in order to extend the main tenets of critical realism. The aim of this paper is to draw on Bhaskar's later work, as well as Marxism, to reorient a critical realist methodology towards a dialectical approach for qualitative research. In particular, the paper demonstrates how dialectical critical realism can begin to provide answers to three common criticisms made against original critical realist methodology: that the qualitative theory of causal powers and structures developed by critical realists is problematic; that critical realist methodology contains values which prove damaging to empirical research; and that critical realists often have difficulties in researching everyday qualitative dilemmas that people face in their daily lives.     

财政投资效率与国有资产循环调整机制研究

市场经济要求国家财政活动必须进行先导产业 (产品 )的示范性投资并以适时地、适当的方式退出传统产业 ,形成国有资产的有进有退、国进民跟、国退民进 ,社会产业 (产品 )的良性循环发展机制。然而在我国近 2 0年来的改革中 ,国有企业 (资产 )在市场的活动中却被桎梏于进易退难、想退而不愿全退、名退而资不退、为退出而强行弃资的误区之中 ,致使财政投入国有企业的投资效率极大地降低。为使财政投资产业有效地保值增值 ,提高财政效率 ,提出了国有企业保值托管退出 (CWPTS)的良性循环管理机制参考模型。     

Determinate attitudes and indeterminate norms

The aim of this paper is to offer a version of social normative pragmatism – that is, the approach that takes norms to be the result of shared practices – that comes closer to social reality than its cousins in the philosophy of language and the philosophy of mind. The purpose is presenting a framework that can be useful for social theorists sympathetic to normative concepts. This version introduces the concepts of the adoption of the normative stance, the projective structure of evaluation and a sketch of a theory of normative force in terms of accumulation of normative attitude. In order to motivate this conceptual tools, we present them as allowing us to overcome the traditional skeptical challenge put forward by Kripke.     

振兴东北老工业基地必须加强区域金融生态环境建设

“金融生态环境”的提出是金融理论研究的一次创新与革命。东北老工业基地面临信用环境不佳,资金效益低下,金融系统自我调节能力差等金融问题。振兴东北老工业基地必须打造良好的“金融生态环境”。为此,应完善社会信用制度,加强中介机构规范化建设,提高金融机构自主经营能力,加强法制环境建设,完善东北地区金融市场运行机制,促进区域金融生态环境建设。     

“经济主义政治模式”语境中的“阶级”概念——一种政治哲学解读的尝试

理解阶级概念必须紧紧地抓住其唯物主义的方法论特质,才能够更准确地切入历史唯物主义政治哲学对于西方传统政治哲学的超越。马克思并不在＂纯粹哲学＂的层面或者＂纯粹科学＂的层面来制服以资本为基本建制的资本主义社会形态,而是将理论的聚光点打在资本主义的社会关系之上,这将唯物与阶级、阶级关系的存在论、阶级政治＂面向事物本身＂的政治属性等质性内在地凸现了出来。     

现代企业财务管理总目标探析

随着社会主义市场经济和会计国际化进程的进一步发展,建立和完善现代企业制度已成为企业改革的方向,传统的财务管理已远不能适应现代企业管理的需要。企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中得以生存和发展,就必须适应现代企业制度的要求,进一步加强企业财务管理。而其首要问题是必须树立现代企业财务管理的总目标。最终确立现代企业财务管理总目标为:企业持续发展能力最大化。     

Convention and Intersubjectivity: New Developments in French Economics

The recently formed French School of the "économie des conventions" have claimed that they are developing a revolutionary new approach to the social sciences. This group of researchers in economics, philosophy, sociology, law and history attempt to transcend the inherited analytical frameworks of structural-functionalist sociology and neoclassical economics and provide an alternative picture of the social world. This article will investigate some of these claims in detail. First, I trace the cohesion of the Convention School's ideas around the key concept of convention. Conventionalist theory reflects an ontological shift towards the recognition of intersubjectivity. This shift leads to tension between the advocacy of methodological individualism on the one hand and the use of convention as a central analytical category on the other.     

西部金融发展的制约因素与对策建议

我国东西部经济发展水平的差距,根本和直接的原因可归结为西部金融资源配置的区域性失衡。制约西部金融发展的主要因素有经济发展水平低、金融体制制约、金融抑制严重、资本市场发展缓慢、信用缺失等。对此,通过强化金融支持力度、加速培育资本市场、创建西部金融安全区、着力培育非国有投资主体等措施,推动西部金融发展。     

摆脱黑龙江县级财政困境的思考

振兴县级财政要树立市场观念 ,转变用财观念 ,明确县级方向 ,强化管理 ,建立健全县级财政财源建设的项目与资金管理体系。     

Re‐conceptualizing Abstract Conceptualization in Social Theory: The Case of the “Structure” Concept

I this paper, I draw on recent research on the radically embodied and perceptual bases of conceptualization in linguistics and cognitive science to develop a new way of reading and evaluating abstract concepts in social theory. I call this approach Sociological Idea Analysis. I argue that, in contrast to the traditional view of abstract concepts, which conceives them as amodal “presuppositions” removed from experience, abstract concepts are irreducibly grounded in experience and partake of non‐negotiable perceptual‐symbolic features from which a non‐propositional “logic” naturally follows. This implies that uncovering the imagistic bases of allegedly abstract notions should be a key part of theoretical evaluation of concepts in social theory. I provide a case study of the general category of “structure” in the social and human sciences to demonstrate the analytic utility of the approach.     

Ultimatum decision-making: A test of reciprocal kindness

While fairness is often mentioned as a determinant of ultimatum bargaining behavior, few data sets are available that can test theories that incorporate fairness considerations. This paper tests the reciprocal kindness theory in Rabin (1993 Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics, The American Economic Review 83: 1281-1302) as an application to the one-period ultimatum bargaining game. We report on data from 100 ultimatum games that vary the financial stakes of the game from $1 to $15. Responder behavior is strongly in support of the kindness theory and proposer behavior weakly in support of it. Offer percentages and past offers influence behavior the most, whereas the size of the pie has a marginally significant effect on offer percentages. The data is more in support of reciprocal kindness than alternative theories of equal-split or learning behavior, although the data also weakly support a minimum percentage threshold hypothesis. As a whole, our results together with existing studies suggest that, for smaller stakes games, fairness considerations dominate monetary considerations. This has implications for more complicated naturally occurring bargaining environments in which the financial stakes can vary widely.     

从“志在富民”到“文化自觉”:费孝通先生晚年的思想转向

本文是对费孝通先生晚年思想转向之成因的研究。费孝通晚年的研究强调理论与实践并重,力倡"文化自觉",由早年注重西方文化变而偏重于中国传统文化。通过对费孝通晚年著作的详细考察,本文认为,费孝通的思想转向是他在对中国现实社会的不间断的调查、实践和反思中形成的。这种思想转向是一种"社会科学"的转向,而不是文化立场的转变。本文以四个部分来论述这种转向的发生。前两个部分讨论费孝通晚年谱写的"两篇文章",即小城镇和乡镇企业研究、民族和边区开发研究。在这两个领域的经验研究中,费孝通都遇到了社会学和人类学上的挑战,他发现：乡村工业、民族和边区的发展都不只是经济社会政策的问题,甚至也不是经济和社会结构的问题,而是和其背后"只能意会、不能言传"的心态和文化有关。如何把握这些心态和文化,是本文的第三个部分,即费孝通晚年社会学方法论的主要内容。费先生从英国人类学家Leach因《江村经济》所提出的两个方法论问题入手,在生命的最后十多年里展开了漫长而严谨的反思。反思的结果一方面是对社会学研究方法论的新看法,也是对上述两个经验问题的总回答,另一方面是对"文化自觉"理论的方法论补充。本文的最后一个部分讨论的是费孝通作为一个社会科学家,晚年如何身体力行,在"差序格局"中"推己及人",延续了中国传统文化中以天下为己任的士大夫精神,是为真正的"文化自觉"。     

超越嵌入性范式：金融社会学的起源、发展和新议题

金融处于当代社会生活的核心，可视为一种社会现象。自M.韦伯开始，古典社会学已论证了社会学研究经济和金融领域的正当性。随着美国新经济社会学的兴起，社会学学者在新经济社会学框架下，以“嵌入性”为理论起点，从社会结构和社会建构两个理论维度研究了金融现象。欧洲学者则挑战了美国新经济社会学的嵌入性范式，为我们提供了研究金融现象的新视角。在新技术和全球化背景下，社会学能从更多角度对金融领域展开研究。     

哲学的未来

哲学的未来应该是什么样的呢?首先,在与科学的关系方面,哲学应该在坚持自身的科学性的同时在方法上和科学相区别;其次,唯物主义与唯心主义需要和解而不是对立;最后,哲学不能以立法者的身份出现,它的科学性在于寻找答案的过程而不在于答案本身。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN CHINA：Some theoretical characteristics of the philosophy of culture

一种哲学理论或哲学理解范式的提出或确立应该以具有相对明确的研究对象、相对独特的研究方法、相对突出的理论旨趣为前提。与此相关,文化哲学是一种透过文化符号形式达到对人的总体性把握,而不仪仪把对文化符号形式的研究作为最终目的;文化哲学运用历史科学研究方法把人视为非连续性和异质性的存在物并加以把握;文化哲学在理论旨趣上是对以文化符号形式为核心的文化模式的批判与重建。     

‘Broad consensus across the divide’: rhetorical constructions of climate change in mainstream news media

The links between science and policy are navigated prominently in the media. The internet provides a forum for discussion of climate change, allowing lay people to enter the debate. In this paper, rhetorical analysis was used to analyse online news articles and comments from the public following two major climate-related decisions in New Zealand. This analysis demonstrates how arguments regarding climate change are built and defended. Identifying strategies invoked by those that occupy a majority or minority position within public discourse on climate change reveals how such arguments take on rhetorical force, providing the basis for establishing claims and counter-arguments. Understanding the rhetorical constructions of such positions can reveal why particular arguments might gain power, opening the way for a more knowledgeable and informed positioning of individuals, organisations, and scientific knowledge to emerge in public debates on climate change.