情绪变量对人际信任判断的影响作用

当前人际信任的作用变得尤为突出,人际信任问题的研究也成为社会各界关注的课题。分析影响人际信任的因素,探讨情绪对人际信任的影响,通过理论研究具体情绪对个体人际信任判断的影响,具有不同效价和控制评价的情绪在信任判断中的影响差异,情绪的控制评价、情绪源的显著性以及信任者对受信任者的熟悉程度在情绪对信任判断的影响过程中起到的调节作用。     

政府支持、信任与供应链外部整合的关系研究

当前学术界对于影响供应链整合的因素、这些因素如何影响到供应链整合的研究相对匮乏。本研究则以广东省珠三角地区251家制造业为调查对象,构建了政府支持、信任与供应链外部整合之间关系的理论模型,以结构方程为工具,对政府支持、客户信任、供应商信任、客户整合、供应商整合之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,政府支持对客户信任、供应商信任均有显著的正向影响;政府支持对客户整合、供应商整合也均有显著的影响;信任对供应链外部整合具有显著的正向影响;此外,政府支持会以信任为中介,间接地对供应链外部整合产生影响,本研究弥补了我国情境下制度与信任因素对供应链整合影响相关研究的空缺,研究结果对我国制造业进行高效供应链整合具有一定的启发意义。     

政治信任的现状、问题与对策——基于天津的一项实证研究

本文以2015年底至2016年初对天津市居民的一项民意调查数据为基础,对政治信任的现状与值得注意的问题进行研究。结果显示,天津市社会公众的政治信任现状呈现如下特点:政治信任水平呈央地递减、公检法较低的结构特征;公共政策和威权主义价值观是影响政治信任的显著因素;通过制度化渠道反映诉求的民众,其政治信任度较高;总体上是人格信任和政治信任相混合的政治信任形态。同时,还存在一些值得注意的问题,如社会资本较低、对公检法评价相对较低等,并在此基础上提出相关对策建议。     

产品伤害危机模糊情境下危机响应调节匹配对宽恕的影响

通过整合危机响应、框架效应、调节导向、信任和宽恕等概念,形成产品伤害危机模糊情境下危机响应调节匹配对消费者宽恕影响的概念框架.采用实验方法,以虚拟的饮料和轿车伤害危机为想象场景,运用结构方程模型、回归分析及方差分析等对数据进行分析评价.结果表明:①主动危机响应正向影响宽恕;②危机响应调节匹配正向影响信任和宽恕,且调节导向在危机响应信息呈现方式与信任及宽恕关系间调节效应显著;③信任正向影响宽恕,且信任部分中介危机响应调节匹配对宽恕的影响.     

网站制度对消费者信任影响的实证研究

在制度信任相关研究的基础上,为了探究网站制度如何影响消费者对电子商务网站和卖家的信任,构建了一个以网站制度为控制手段促进消费者信任的研究模型,并提出了相关假设。通过问卷调查收集数据并进行了数据分析,研究结果表明,反馈机制、交易安全、服务承诺显著影响网站信任,在线服务对网站信任影响不显著;同时网站制度通过网站信任对卖家信任产生间接影响;网站信任直接影响卖家的信任,网站信任和卖家信任都对购买意愿有正向影响。     

C2C环境下服务质量对阶段信任的影响研究

以C2C环境为研究背景,用问卷调查法先后进行了2个研究,构建了服务质量对初始信任和持续信任的影响模型,并比较了它们的差异。研究结果表明:店面设计、专业性、欢迎度和价格理性仅对初始信任有显著正向影响;关系维护、商品质量、完成性和补偿性仅对持续信任有显著正向影响;对初始信任和持续信任来说,信息质量和响应性均存在显著正向影响;而信息获得及规模,对初始信任和持续信任均无显著影响。研究结论显示,在线信任的动态观点、服务质量的阶段性理论能够有效地解释C2C电子商务市场中服务质量与信任维度的构成及其关系,双因素理论是在线信任不同阶段影响因素差异的理论基础,这些结论对C2C电子商务市场的发展提供了理论指导。     

贷方对网贷平台初始信任向借方转移的研究

本文以贷方、平台、借方3个网贷交易主体为研究对象,基于品牌延伸和制度信任理论,建立贷方对平台初始信任向借方转移模型。以2种制度信任因素和3种借方特征因素为解释变量,探究贷方对平台初始信任向借方转移方式。研究表明:贷方对平台初始信任通过其对平台品牌可信性感知向借方转移;制度信任因素、借方特征因素在信任转移中起间接影响作用;情景规范、借方财务状况影响并不显著。进而获得启示:平台在网贷信任建立过程中占主导地位,应重视针对平台的监管制度建设。     

多代理人网络中信任与可信度的实验研究

在经典的1位委托人对1位代理人的信任博弈实验的基础上设计了一位委托人对两位代理人的信任博弈实验,以观察存在多位代理人时委托人和代理人之间的信任水平和可信度.通过与经典单代理人信任博弈实验对比,发现多代理人信任实验中的委托人在面对2位陌生代理人的时候表现出更高的信任水平,并且委托人倾向于在2位代理人之间平均分配投资总额.回归分析结果表明委托代理关系网络结构的确对委托人的信任水平有显著影响,另外,委托人的风险偏好和成长环境等因素也对其信任水平产生显著影响.总之,尽管不同网络结构中代理人的可信度之间并没有明显差异,社会整体的效率在多代理人情境下得到显著提升.     

在线医疗健康服务医患信任影响因素实证研究

 在线医疗健康服务作为线下医疗健康服务的补充对缓解医疗资源相对不足等问题有着重要的意义,而信任作为人际关系的基石对在线的医患关系有深刻影响,因此有必要研究在线医疗健康服务中的医患信任问题。        有诸多因素影响医患信任,医患信任的提升对患者的行为意向也有积极影响。以在线医患信任为核心,重点从患者角度研究在线医疗健康网站中医患信任的影响因素,分析个人、网站、医院和医生4个方面的影响。同时,感知风险和感知收益从宏观上也会影响在线患者信任和患者行为意向,也将其纳入分析。基于此,以信任模型的概念框架以及感知风险和感知收益等理论为基础构建模型,提出9个假设。以有在线医疗健康网站中服务经验的用户为研究对象,使用问卷调查的方法进行调研,获得271份有效样本,利用结构方程模型的实证方法对研究假设进行检验。        研究结果表明,除个人信任倾向外,医患信任影响因素中的网站、医院和医生的可信度均对在线患者信任有显著影响,其中网站因素的影响程度最高,在线患者信任也显著影响患者行为意向。感知收益和感知风险对在线患者信任也有显著影响,但对患者行为意向的影响不显著。        将医患信任的研究从线下延伸至线上,探讨在线患者信任的影响因素。研究结果为研究在线医疗健康服务中的患者信任提供理论依据,同时为在线医疗健康服务的发展提供参考策略。     

基于多智能体系统的分布式信誉机制研究

基于多智能体系统原理,提出了分布式信誉机制中信誉信息的获取与集结模型。在分布式信誉系统中,信任方可以通过三种途径获取直接或间接的信誉信息:与被信任方的直接交易经验,借助自身社会网络找到与被信任方有过交易的见证者,以及要求被信任方提供与其有过交易的引荐者。首先,引入了一个激励机制,促使被信任方诚实地提供引荐者信息,保证信誉信息获取的数量和质量。其次,考虑到不同来源的信誉信息具有不同的可信度,在信誉信息集结时,基于用户相似度计算可信见证者的评价可信度,基于陌生引荐者和见证者的评价与可信见证者的评价集结结果之间的结果相似度计算陌生引荐者和见证者的评价可信度,建立了信誉集结模型来计算被信任方的综合信誉度。通过实验仿真,表明该模型具有较强的有效性和健壮性,其不但可以使信任方获取足够多的信誉信息,而且可以有效地削弱恶意见证者和引荐者诋毁尤其是共谋的影响。     

Heterogeneous Submission Behavior and its Implications for Success in Innovation Contests with Public Submissions

Innovation contests are increasingly adopting a format where submissions are viewable by all contestants and the information structure changes during the contest. In such an “unblind” format, contestants must weigh the costs of revealing their submissions against the benefits of improving their submissions through emerging information. We take a closer look at how contestants solve problems in innovation contests with public submission of solutions—that is, unblind contests, by examining the implications of their submission behavior for contest outcomes. We analyze the submission behavior in terms of three dimensions: the position of first submission by the contestant, the number of submissions the contestant makes, and the length of active participation by the contestant. The econometric analysis of a large dataset of unblind innovation contests and participating contestants indicates that, despite the potential for free riding and intellectual property loss from disclosure of submissions, contestants who have a lower position of first submission are more likely to succeed in the contest. Further, we find some evidence of a curvilinear relationship between a contestant's number of submissions and her likelihood of success, indicating a potential “quality–quantity” trade‐off in unblind innovation contests. Finally, our findings indicate that increasing the length of participation in a contest has a positive effect on a contestant's likelihood of success. Departing from prior studies on innovation contests, where a contestant's success is assumed to be a function of her prior experience and problem‐solving skills, our study provides new empirical evidence that, in innovation contests with public submissions, the submission behavior of a contestant also plays an explanatory role in a contestant's success.     

不完全信息R&D竞赛费用支付方式比较

从项目业主的角度出发,运用博弈理论,比较了不完全信息条件下不同竞赛费用支付方式对项目业主总体期望收益的影响。研究表明,在不完全信息条件下,项目业主采用竞赛人竞价的支付方式严格优于采用事前固定竞赛奖金的方式。     

Contextual leadership,transformational leadership and the performance of international innovation seeking alliances

In this paper, we examined aspects of contextual leadership [Osborn, R. N., Hunt, J. G., & Jauch, L. R. (2002). Toward a contextual theory of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 797–837] and transformational leadership [Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press] by alliance heads and by executives in the sponsoring firms for a sample of innovation seeking U.S./Japanese alliances in research-intensive sectors. We identified three aspects of performance (a) alliance innovation, (b) the strategic contributions to the U.S. sponsor and (c) the strategic contributions to the Japanese sponsor. We found that (a) knowledge/ information based (contextual dimensions) leadership by the alliance head was associated with higher innovation and strategic contributions to the sponsors and (b) transformational leadership by sponsoring executives was dysfunctional for alliance innovation but contributed positively to the strategic contribution the alliance provided a sponsor and, (c) the linkage between leadership by the alliance head and performance was much more important for some types of alliance governance (administrative) structures than others. That is, we argue that appropriate leadership is embedded in its context.     

Idea Generation and the Role of Feedback: Evidence from Field Experiments with Innovation Tournaments

In many innovation settings, ideas are generated over time and managers face a decision about if and how to provide in‐process feedback to the idea generators about the quality of submissions. In this article, we use design contests allowing repeated entry to examine the effect of in‐process feedback on idea generation. We report on a set of field experiments using two online contest websites to compare the performance of three different feedback treatments—no feedback, random feedback, and directed feedback (i.e., in‐process feedback highly correlated with the final quality rating of the entry). We posted six logo design contests for consumer products and accepted submissions for 1 week. We provided daily feedback during the contest period using one of the three treatments. We then used a panel of target consumers to rate the quality of each idea. We find that directed feedback is associated positively with agent participation. For outcome, while directed feedback benefits the average quality of entries submitted, we don't find that relationship for the best entries—indeed, no feedback or random feedback may produce better top‐end entry quality. We also find that, under directed feedback, the variance in quality declines as the contest progresses.     

Shutdown contests in multi-plant firms

When multi-plant firms face a declining demand, they typically have to close one or more locations. In that case, the firm can organize a shutdown contest among the plants to generate extra incentives. Within a two-plant model, I discuss the impact of plant size, workers’ outside options and bargaining power on the profitability of such contest. Whereas the influence of plant size is ambiguous, the firm prefers a shutdown contest to an immediate closure of the less productive location if the more productive plant’s bargaining power is large relative to that of the less productive one. In that case, the more productive workforce spends much effort and has a high probability to survive. If the multi-plant firm is an international corporation, auctioning off the decision right which plant to close can be profitable for the firm, since each country is interested in protecting its domestic plant. From the firm’s perspective, such bidding dominates a shutdown contest if national costs from plant closure are sufficiently large relative to extra profits generated by the contest.     

众包供应链基于On/OffLine混合定制设计生产决策模型分析

互联网平台经济（Platform Economy）正颠覆传统企业商业模式,众包供应链（Crowdsourcing Supply Chain,CSC）作为一种新型的"互联网平台+设计创新"供应链,也正成为人们关注和研究的热点。本文在订单定制设计模式（Engineering to Order,ETO）的基础上,将定制设计和订单生产两环节相结合,并以交货期为驱动,按常规生产时间和加班生产时间来优化生产流程。在此框架下,建立了线下（Offline）自行定制设计的供应链生产模型;接着结合互联网众包平台的特点,以及众包线上（Online）和线下（Offline）的互补性,将众包线上定制设计环节有机嵌入融合到线下自行定制设计供应链中,以此优化和构建出基于众包的线上线下混合定制设计的供应链生产决策模型,设计出众包线上定制设计和线下定制设计动态切换条件;并通过粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）对上述模型进行求解;最后通过实例进行分析,发现定制订单数量不多时,线上线下混合定制设计对成本的降低不是很显著,但随着订单数量越多,线上线下混合定制设计优势将显著变化,并且具有一定程度的抗风险性;通过这个转换点也发现,众包定制设计的订单生产最好安排在期初和期末,众包线上定制设计订单应尽可能减少挤占线下自行设计的常规生产时间,而应转向在加班时间生产更为经济;同时,通过增加对众包设计者的设计报酬,发现不仅对整个供应链的成本影响不大,反而对众包设计者形成较大激励作用,进一步证明该模式的可行性和实用性。     

基于“柠檬”理论的在线信誉反馈系统有效性研究

信任问题是困扰在线拍卖市场发展的瓶颈之一.在线信誉反馈系统在消除信息不对称性,解决在线拍卖市场逆向选择问题中发挥着重要的作用.首先分析在线拍卖市场中逆向选择问题产生的原因,而后基于"柠檬"理论,从更换交易对手的重复博弈角度分析在线信誉反馈系统中信誉运行模型,对在线拍卖市场的信誉运行机理进行分析.研究指出在线信誉反馈系统能激励卖家诚信交易,一定程度上降低逆向选择问题,为我国在线拍卖网站和网络卖家更好地实施网络声誉战略提供一个思路.     

Resource Distribution in Multiple Attacks Against a Single Target

A target is protected by the defender and attacked by an attacker launching sequential attacks. For each attack, a contest intensity measures whether the agents’ efforts have low or high impact on the target vulnerability (low vs. high contest intensity). Both the defender and the attacker have limited resources. It is assumed that the attacker can observe the outcome of each attack and stop the sequence of attacks when the target is destroyed. Two attacker objectives are considered, that is, to maximize the target vulnerability or to minimize the expected attacker resource expenditure. The article addresses the following three questions: whether the attacker should allocate its entire resource into one large attack or distribute it among several attacks; whether geometrically increasing or decreasing resource distribution into a fixed number of sequential attacks is more beneficial than equal resource distribution; and how the optimal attack strategy depends on the contest intensity.     

Innovation strategies of Asian firms in the United States

This paper examines the relationship between Asian firms’ technological and non-technological strategies and innovation capability. Particular attention is focused on subsidiaries in the United States (US) with headquarter units in South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Empirical evidence from a sample of 151 subsidiary plants and establishments suggests that Asian firms invest in the US to upgrade their their knowledge base with a view to supporting new product and market-based innovations. The results of an ordered probit regression model of innovation performance suggests that new product development and marketing capability make a significant contribution to increased US patents among Asian firms while applied research is only marginally significant in explaining firms’ innovation capability. The major sources of innovation capability are revolved around a tacit understanding of technology and products than more explicit forms of knowledge. Our empirical findings also suggest that stronger business performance is associated with new product development and marketing capability.     

Ecosystem leadership as a dynamic capability

We analyze the role and effect of ecosystem leadership understood as the exercise of effort towards others with the purpose of establishing and maintaining an ecosystem around a focal systemic innovation. While there has been much attention to the firms that sponsor ecosystems in the ecosystem literature, ecosystem leaders are usually characterized in an atheoretical manner, and the emphasis is on, leadership in existing ecosystems, thus neglecting the role leadership might play in ecosystem emergence. We clarify and provide theoretical grounding for the important role of leadership in emerging and maturing ecosystems. Building on transaction cost economics, we conceptualize an ecosystem as a governance structure that enables and sustains coordination and cooperation among multiple economic agents towards a focal innovative value proposition. Our basic argument is that the emergence of such an ecosystems is hampered by coordination and cooperation problems which markets and the price system cannot solve by itself. Resolving these problems requires assistance, and such assistance is what we call ecosystem leadership. To further characterize the exercise of leadership we use Teece's tripartite dynamic capabilities scheme. Leadership enables ecosystem emergence through three externally-oriented dynamic capabilities: facilitating the formation of a shared vision (sensing), inducing others to make ecosystem-specific investments (seizing) and engaging in ad hoc problem solving to create and maintain stability (reconfiguring/transforming). The latter capability in particular often continues to be important in a mature ecosystem. We provide a characterization of these capabilities and argue that the ecosystem leader role in a mature ecosystem likely stems from having successfully exercised these capabilities and that their exercise also puts the leader in a prime position for value capture. We discuss implications of our arguments for ecosystem theories, for managers and for policy makers.