基于主动性人格调节作用的工作场所不文明行为危害研究

采用配对问卷调查法,以北京55家企业的457名员工为对象,探讨了工作场所不文明行为对员工态度和行为的影响以及主动性人格的调节作用。研究结果表明,工作场所不文明行为遭遇会严重损害员工的人际公平感、程序公平感和情感承诺,显著降低工作绩效、增加越轨行为。此外,主动性人格一方面会增强不文明行为对员工态度(公平感和情感承诺)的影响;另一方面,会减弱不文明行为对员工行为(绩效和越轨行为)的影响。具体而言,相对于低主动性员工,不文明行为对于高主动性员工的危害会更多地隐含于内在态度中,而非直接表现于外在行为上。     

中国知识员工反生产行为分类的探索性研究

采用多维尺度法,通过4项探索性研究,探讨知识员工反生产行为的分类。子研究1系统地梳理知识员工反生产行为的表现形式,得到66种反生产行为;子研究2运用多维尺度法对66种反生产行为进行分类,得到反生产行为的空间分布图;子研究3运用专家数据进行回归分析,得到对反生产行为分类维度的命名依据;子研究4通过聚类分析,确定对4种反生产行为进行命名的有效性。研究结果表明,中国知识员工反生产行为可以从危害程度、不道德程度两个维度进行分类,包括针对他人、针对组织、消极式针对任务、激进式针对任务等4类反生产行为。比较简洁、清晰地梳理了知识员工反生产行为的总体层级体系,不仅能丰富反生产行为理论研究,而且也对中国知识员工反生产行为管理具有较强的指导意义。     

自我控制资源视角下工作场所即时通讯过载影响员工越轨行为的作用机制研究北大核心CSSCI

基于自我控制资源损耗的视角,对样本员工进行连续5个工作日的抽样研究,阐明了工作场所即时通讯过载如何导致员工自我损耗,进而诱发员工越轨行为,并进一步讨论了员工个体的特质自我控制能力在以上关系中所起的调节作用。研究结果发现,工作场所即时通讯过载正向影响员工的越轨行为,员工自我损耗中介了工作场所即时通讯过载对员工越轨行为的正向预测作用;员工的特质自我控制能力调节了员工自我损耗对工作场所即时通讯过载和员工越轨行为关系的中介作用。即高特质自我控制能力的员工较少受到即时通讯过载带来的自我损耗效应的影响,而对低特质自我控制的员工而言,这种损耗效应的作用更强,因而员工的越轨行为显著增多。     

工作场所的儒家传统价值观:理论、测量与效度检验

作为文化的内核,文化价值观的差异影响着个体员工重要的态度和行为。本文以儒家思想为理论基础,分析和界定了"工作场所儒家传统价值观"(CTVW)的内涵与维度,并通过三项实证研究对CTV W量表的信度与效度进行了实证检验。研究一的测量结果表明,工作场所的儒家传统价值观本质上是一种以关系和谐为核心的儒家关系导向,其下包括尊从权威、接受权威、宽忍利他和面子原则四个维度,CTV W量表具有良好的信度与建构效度。研究二的效用分析表明,CTV W能够较好地预测员工的公平敏感性与组织公民行为,CTV W量表具有较好的效标效度。研究三的差异分析表明,具有不同社会历练的员工具有不同的儒家传统价值观,CTV W量表的效度得到进一步验证。最后,本文就工作场所儒家传统价值观在中国及其它文化背景下的研究意义以及未来研究方向进行了讨论。     

基于情绪中介机制的辱虐管理与偏差行为

理清偏差行为的成因和动机机制是偏差行为研究的焦点,但基于本土企业的实证研究相对较少。从员工工作场所情绪感受的视角,应用情感事件理论,探讨消极情绪在辱虐管理与组织偏差行为和主管偏差行为间的中介效应,并比较辱虐管理对两类偏差行为影响的差异性。通过对19家企业、180名管理者和360名下属的配对研究,采用阶层回归进行分析。研究结果表明,辱虐管理显著正向影响两类偏差行为,但员工展现两类偏差行为的倾向并不等同,即员工展现组织偏差行为的倾向强于主管偏差行为的倾向;消极情绪是偏差行为的诱发动机,显著正向影响员工的组织偏差行为和主管偏差行为,并部分中介辱虐管理与两类偏差行为间的关系。     

宽恕的代价：领导宽恕、员工道德推脱与工作场所越轨行为的关系研究

以往大多数研究探讨领导宽恕的积极影响，而忽视了其负面影响。本文探索了领导宽恕与员工工作场所越轨行为之间的关系，并分析了员工道德推脱的中介作用和员工共情的调节效应。本文以306名员工与71名部门主管为样本，采用多层线性模型、跨层次有调节的中介效应等方法进行统计分析。研究结果表明：(1)员工共情在领导宽恕与员工道德推脱之间起调节作用。当员工共情水平较低时，领导宽恕对员工道德推脱有正向影响；而当员工共情水平较高时，两者的相关不显著。(2)当员工共情水平较低时，领导宽恕通过员工道德推脱的中介作用，进而正向影响员工越轨行为。而当员工共情水平较高时，道德推脱的间接效应不显著。     

益组织行为与损组织行为:中国特征的角色外行为模型及其经验实证

对114名MBA学员"工作状态分析"自我报告的描述性数据统计和4个典型个案陈述分析,发现:①员工在履行角色内行为的过程中会表现出角色外行为的特征,即角色内增强行为和角色内减弱行为;②角色外行为既存在有利于组织的行为,又存在有害于组织的行为,还存在"无奈的角色外行为";③员工对他人施以的角色外行为会因人情关系的不同而不同。基于此,以中国语境建构了益组织行为与损组织行为双向维度的角色外行为理论框架,旨在初步廓清角色内与角色外行为的关系,并对开展中国特征角色外行为研究提供一个新的思路。     

员工代际差异对其工作场所乐趣与绩效关系的影响

以江苏280名企业员工为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析、多元线性回归分析等统计方法,分析了员工代际差异在工作场所乐趣与个体绩效(工作满意度、任务绩效、组织公民行为)关系中的调节效应。研究结果发现,江苏企业员工各代际(社会主义巩固建设一代、文革一代、改革开放一代)对工作场所乐趣所持的态度存在差异。相对于文革一代,改革开放一代在工作场所乐趣同员工工作满意度、任务绩效的关系上展示出更强的正向关联性,说明组织管理者为改革开放一代营造工作场所乐趣有利于其完成角色内行为。但在向社会主义巩固建设一代和文革一代传递工作场所乐趣时则需要考虑更多的因素。研究结果通过员工代际差异这个新视角,从理论上丰富了以往研究的相关结论。     

基于组织特征和产业特征调节作用的企业越轨行为研究

利用社会分类理论和组织形式理论分析了企业越轨行为导致危机溢出的发生机制。企业越轨行为发生后,公众为了简化认知,倾向于将与越轨企业相似的企业归为一类,并推断其可能同样存在越轨行为。在分类和推断机制的作用下,越轨企业的合法性损失会传染到相似企业,危机溢出由此产生。进一步研究表明,组织特征和产业特征在越轨行为对危机溢出的影响过程中起到调节作用。     

文化因素对行为观察量表适用性、评价内容及评价效果的影响

将绩效评估实践中评估工具的使用问题与文化因素相结合,考察一种产生于西方国家并在西方各种组织中获得了广泛应用的绩效评估工具--行为观察量表在中国特殊文化背景下的应用情况.提出行为观察量表的适用性不受文化因素(个人主义一集体主义)的限制,但文化因素会对其内容及评价效果产生影响的假设.基于276名在校大学生样本的实证统计分析支持了这些假设.     

工作场所偏离行为的研究发展回顾及展望

工作场所偏离行为是企业普遍存在的亟待解决的问题,但国内的学术界对此议题的研究相对匮乏。该文献整理了工作场所偏离行为研究的发展的三个阶段:早期零散研究阶段、起步阶段和发展阶段,借以加深学术界对这一组织行为学新兴的研究议题的理解和重视。     

Influences of individual-related factors and job satisfaction on workplace deviant behaviour among support personnel in Malaysian public service organizations

Workplace deviance has become pervasive in most organizations today. This cross-sectional study examines the influences of individual-related factors and job satisfaction on workplace deviance behaviour among 429 support personnel in Malaysian public service organizations. Samples were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings of the study indicated that agreeableness, negative affectivity, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence and job satisfaction predicted the organizational deviant behaviour. The same variables, except for emotional intelligence, also correlated to interpersonal deviant behaviour. Implications and suggestion for future research are discussed.     

Workplace bullying as predicted by non-prototypicality,group identification and norms: a self-categorisation perspective

ABSTRACT

Research and theory on deviance in work groups suggest that non-prototypical members risk devaluation and mistreatment by their peers. Drawing on the self-categorisation theory, we propose and test a contextual model to explain workplace bullying from a target perspective, using non-prototypicality as a predictor and social identification and anti-bullying norms at the work group level as two- and three-way cross-level moderators. Multilevel modelling and a sample of employees from the university sector in the Low Lands (n?=?572) was employed. In line with our first hypothesis, we found that risk of exposure to workplace bullying is particularly high for non-prototypical work group members. We also hypothesised that work group social identification would facilitate bullying of non-prototypical members, while anti-bullying norms would buffer it. Results showed, however, that both conditions acted as buffering moderators on the main association. Lastly, the combination of the two also entailed a cross-level three-way interaction effect, showing that non-prototypicality is associated with bullying only in work groups characterised by low levels on both moderators. These novel and partly unexpected results demonstrate the relevance and significance of group level explanations for workplace bullying, holding significant implications for scholars and practitioners.     

Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity,factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised

Abstract

This study investigates the psychometric properties, factor structure and validity of the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), an instrument designed to measure exposure to bullying in the workplace. By reanalyzing data based on a heterogeneous sample of 5288 UK employees, the results show that the 22-item instrument has a high internal stability, with three underlying factors: personal bullying, work-related bullying and physically intimidating forms of bullying, although the instrument may also be used as a single factor measure. Criterion validity was explored by relating the scores on the NAQ-R to a single-item measure of perceived victimization from bullying, showing high correlations with both the total NAQ-R and scores on the three factors. Targets of bullying scored significantly higher on all 22 items compared to non-targets. The NAQ-R correlated as expected with measures of mental health, psychosocial work environment and leadership, indicating a good construct validity of the instrument. Furthermore, a latent class cluster (LCC) analysis showed that the instrument may be used to differentiate between groups of employees with different levels of exposure to bullying, ranging from infrequent exposure to incivility at work to severe victimization from bullying and harassment. The more commonly used operational criteria can also be used to detect targets of bullying. Hence, the NAQ-R is proposed as a standardized and valid instrument for the measurement of workplace bullying.     

Can a leader be seen as too ethical? The curvilinear effects of ethical leadership

Ethical leadership predicts important organizational outcomes such as decreased deviant and increased organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). We argued that due to the distinct nature of these two types of employee behaviors, ethical leadership decreases deviance in a linear manner (i.e., more ethical leadership leading to less deviance), but we expected ethical leadership to reveal a curvilinear relationship with respect to OCB. Specifically, we expected that, at lower levels, ethical leadership promotes OCB. However, at high levels, ethical leadership should lead to a decrease in these behaviors. We also examined a mechanism that explains this curvilinear pattern, that is, followers' perceptions of moral reproach. Our predictions were supported in three organizational field studies and an experiment. These findings offer a better understanding of the processes that underlie the workings of ethical leadership. They also imply a dilemma for organizations in which they face the choice between limiting deviant employee behavior and promoting OCB.     

Criteria for evaluating qualitative studies

Many countries are becoming increasingly reliant upon an aging workforce. Yet, much literature positions older workers as ‘last resort’ employees, held in low esteem by employers whose preference for youth extends into decision-making about workplace engagement and support. As part of a broader study on maintaining the competence of older workers, we investigated the extent to which a group of employees in Australia aged 45 or more perceived they were discriminated against because of their age, including access to training, promotion opportunities and job security. Against expectations arising from the literature, informants reported little in the way of explicit age-related bias in their employment, opportunities for advancement and further development. Although the informants have particular characteristics and featured paraprofessional and professional workers, the contrast is noteworthy between what is reported in the literature and often premised on surveys, and our data were based on interviews. The findings indicate a need to be wary of making easy generalizations about the extent to which older workers per se are discriminated against in the workplace, while at the same time acknowledging that such discrimination exists, and perhaps for particular kinds of workers. In addition, we found a range of nuanced responses that suggest there are tensions between discriminations policies and practice that are a challenge for human resource development professionals.     

Risk Perception and Personality Facets

The present study examined the relationship between personality facets and risk perception using the Big Five model. A broad range of hazards was considered: energy production, pollutants, sex, deviance, addictions, weapons, common individual hazards, outdoor activities, medical care, and psychotropic drugs. Key personality facets that were most predictive of risk perception compared to (or in association with) age, gender, educational level, and personality factors were identified. They were moderation and tranquility (associated with energy production or pollutants), rationality and efficiency (associated with pollutants, sex, deviance, addictions, or weapons), creativity, imagination, and reflection (associated with energy production, pollutants, or common individual hazards), self-disclosure (associated with outdoor activities), and nurturance and tenderness (associated with sex, deviance, addictions, or medical care). These facets may be recommended for use in future studies on risk perception.     

Job insecurity,perceived employability and targets' and perpetrators' experiences of workplace bullying

Abstract

We aimed to investigate (1) the association between job insecurity and workplace bullying from the perspective of both targets and perpetrators and (2) perceived employability as a moderator of these relationships. We argue that job insecurity is associated with social or interpersonal strain as in the case of workplace bullying. Furthermore, workers who feel that they have alternative opportunities for employment may find it easier to cope with insecurity. Stated differently, we aimed to investigate whether the relationship between job insecurity and workplace bullying depended on the level of perceived employability. Hypotheses were tested among 693 workers who participated in a survey on the quality of working life. They were employed at establishments of two Belgian organizations from the textile industry (N=189) and financial services (N=505). We found that that job insecurity was associated with targets' and perpetrators' reports of workplace bullying. The interaction between job insecurity and perceived employability did not contribute to targets' reports of workplace bullying. However, it was related to perpetrators' reports of workplace bullying. Interestingly, the relationship between job insecurity and workplace bullying was stronger under the condition of high versus low employability. This hints at the idea that there could be a “dark side” to employability.     

The Management of Workplace Conflict: Contrasting Pathways in the HRM Literature

This paper reviews the human resource management literature on the management of workplace conflict. It suggests that workplace conflict is commonly viewed in the literature as a symptom of management failure: the notion that conflict may be intrinsic to the nature of work because employees and managers have hard‐to‐reconcile competing interests is given short‐shrift. At the same time, the paper identifies important differences in the literature, which the authors call ‘pathways’, about the best methods to manage problems at the workplace. It is argued that four contrasting pathways can be detected in the literature with regard to how organizations approach workplace conflict management practices. Each pathway is examined fully and their respective strengths and weaknesses are assessed.