共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Roger Patulny 《Social indicators research》2011,101(2):289-293
Social trust is an important phenomenon, but the influence of important time-based measures upon trust has not been examined.
Such measures include social contact and anti-social activity, such as television watching, which allows for the co-presence
of other people. This paper reports on associations between trust and weighted means of co-present ‘social’ time (defined
as time spent in various ‘social’ activities) and co-present time spent watching television, using the Australian Time Use
Survey, 2006. It finds that trust is associated with social time spent in the co-presence of ‘strangers’ predominately from
outside the household, and that TV watching in the co-presence of ‘familiars’—friends and family—is negatively associated
with trust. 相似文献
2.
Household production in a collective model: some new results 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Household models estimated on labour supplies alone generally assume non-market time to be pure leisure. Previous work on
collective household decision-making is extended here by taking domestic work into account in the Chiappori et al. (J Polit
Econ 110(1):37–72, 2002) model. Derivatives of the household “sharing rule” can then be estimated in a similar way. Using the 1998 French Time-Use
Survey, we compare estimates of labour supply functions assuming first that non-market time is pure leisure and then taking
household production into account. The results are similar but more robust when household production is included. Collective
rationality is rejected when domestic work is omitted. 相似文献
3.
Time pressure is a familiar phenomenon. The quantity of spare time people have clearly effects their satisfaction with their
leisure and with their life as a whole. But so too, we show, does how much control people have over how much spare time they
have. We measure this through an indicator of ‘discretionary time’, which proves to be equally or more important than spare
time itself in these connections. 相似文献
4.
This essay examines the consequences of major social, demographic and economic trends in the United States since World War
II. These include rising women’s employment, the ‘Baby Boom’, the outlines of the so-called ‘new’ immigration, the increasing
racial and ethnic diversity deriving from that immigration, the economic contexts in which recent US immigration has occurred,
and recent technologically-induced features of global work flows that will condition immigration’s future reception and effects.
Women’s wartime work experiences, together with their economic opportunities in the ensuing decades, boosted married women’s
autonomy and domestic leverage. Rising economic prosperity encouraged marriage and family formation even as growing employment
among married women of childbearing age made having and taking care of large families more difficult. World War II also spawned
the expansion of migration to the United States, which in turn converted the country from a largely biracial society with
a sizable white majority and a small black minority into a multiracial, multiethnic society with greater racial and ethnic
boundary crossing and increasingly blurred colour lines. A major issue is whether currently changing economic conditions and
social institutions will support and strengthen such tendencies or instead weaken them. Without robust job growth, the demographic
legacy of the baby boom, which now involves ever-rising numbers of retired people, will be more difficult to support, especially
given the country’s current fiscal deficits. Greater earnings inequality and weak job growth may also poison the climate for
further immigration to the US, thus diminishing the chance that newcomers can continue contributing to the dissolution of
fault lines among racial-ethnic groups and to the resolution of periodic labour shortages. 相似文献
5.
Cathy Rozel Farnworth 《Social indicators research》2009,90(1):89-106
Malagasy ‘players’—farmers, middle men, organic organisations and policy makers—see in export-orientated organic agriculture
a way for Madagascar to build upon its historic export strengths: spices, essential oils, medicinal plants and tropical fruits.
They point to the de facto organic status of most farming in the country and view organic production strategies as a means for Malagasy farmers to differentiate
their produce in the highly competitive world market (Ramboatiana and Randriamanantena 2000; Randriamanantena 1998; Vallée
2000). However, producing for the export market poses significant challenges for Malagasy farmers. Despite its apparent ‘fit’
with existing farming practice, ‘true’ certified organic practice does not necessarily offer a means towards achieving a Malagasy
farmer-defined ‘good life’. Smallholders can be disempowered through their incorporation into wider systemic relationships
whose more powerful actors—such as buyers and consumers—and their ‘rules’ about what ‘organic’ is, for example, are necessarily
unfamiliar. Yet farmers are very interested in the significant opportunities for much-needed cash that organic farming offers.
This paper argues that strengthening farmer agency, and thus their presence as actors in international food chains, can be
partially achieved if farmers are involved in devising the rules for organic and social certification. I set out eight principles
that I have developed which seem important when trying to capture and measure ‘quality of life’ for the purposes of social
certification. My theoretical and empirical work, detailed here, is set within a methodological discussion on how to best
ensure that research is ‘respondent-led’. Respondent-led research is, I argue, critical for ensuring that an understanding
of the components of ‘quality of life’, and their operationalisation as standards and indicators, is truly meaningful to the
target group.
相似文献
Cathy Rozel FarnworthEmail: |
6.
Jonathan Gershuny 《Social indicators research》2009,93(1):37-45
This paper explores the historical change in the work-leisure balance using time-diary evidence. Much of the recent discussion
of this balance in the developed world has focused on paid work alone. What follows takes a different approach, considering
the balance of all work time (paid plus unpaid) against leisure time and observes a tendency over recent decades for leisure to decline relative
to work in this broad sense. Much is changing, in employment, family and consumption terms over this period. One possibility
is that the relative increase in work time reflects the reversal of the status/leisure gradient: the financially privileged
classes, which once had more leisure than others, now have less. But the paper closes with the speculation that this increase
in work time for both men and women may be indirectly connected with the phenomenon of the women’s “dual burden”, via an unconsidered
but nevertheless important principle of fairness in the distribution of work within households. 相似文献
7.
John C. Caldwell 《Journal of Population Research》1995,12(1):1-14
This lecture examines the nature of demography and how the work of W.D. Borrie relates to it. The principal topics are: the
meaning of ‘demography’, changes in the discipline, the uniqueness of demography, population theories and ideologies, and
the writings of W.D. Borrie. 相似文献
8.
One way of making the capability approach (CA) operational uses fuzzy poverty measures. In this paper, we present a new approach
to applying these measures in the South African context using responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Essentials of Life’ in
conjunction with a methodology for dealing with the vagueness of poverty. Our results suggest very low cut-offs for people or households to classify as definitely poor for some social indicators. These cut-offs are far lower
than those Klasen used in his application of the CA. The attempt to apply the CA using Cheli and Lemmi’s ‘totally fuzzy and
relative’ poverty measure in conjunction with our approach to specifying cut-offs can lead to incoherence. This measure can, nonetheless, be useful when social indicators have a ‘relativist component’. While the Cerioli and Zani
measure does not lead to such incoherence, it also has a serious weakness. 相似文献
9.
The vast majority of measures have, at their core, a purpose of personal and social change. If test developers and users want
measures to have personal and social consequences and impact, then it is critical to consider the consequences and side effects
of measurement in the validation process itself. The consequential basis of test interpretation and use, as introduced in
Messick’s (Educational measurement, Macmillan, New York, pp. 13–103, 1989) progressive matrix model of unified validity theory, has been misunderstood by many measurement experts, test developers,
researchers, and practitioners. The purposes of this paper were to (a) review Messick’s unified view of validity and clarify
his consequential basis of test interpretation and use, (b) discuss the kinds of questions evoked by value implications and
social consequences and their role in construct validity and score meaning, (c) present a reframing of Messick’s model and
a new model of unified validity and validation, (d) bring the concept of multilevel measures under the same validation umbrella
as individual differences measures, and (e) offer some thoughts and directions for more explicit consideration of value implications,
intended social consequences, and unintended side effects of legitimate test interpretation and use. This paper has implications
for the interpretation, use, and validation of both individual differences and multilevel measures in education, psychology,
and health contexts. 相似文献
10.
Van Dijk F 《Journal of population economics》1998,11(3):345-371
The issue is addressed whether assistance to persons in need can be left to the ‘family’ and the ‘community’. In that case
people depend on their social networks. The support a person receives through a given network of social ties is examined.
However, ties are diverse and subject to change. By means of a model of the dynamics of social ties, the conditions for adequate
private support are analyzed. The sustainability of private support over time is examined by incorporating the impact on social
ties of lending and receiving support. It is shown that support is only an effective alternative in a limited number of situations.
Received: 2 January 1997 / Accepted: 2 February 1998 相似文献
11.
Robert L. Boyd 《Population research and policy review》1990,9(2):117-132
This article examines public policy and social welfare issues related to a recent trend in black business ownership: the decline
of black-owned businesses in ‘traditional’ personal services serving a predominantly black clientele, and the corresponding
increase of black-owned businesses in ‘emerging’ capital- and knowledge-intensive fields. It is argued that, while the growth
of black business ownership in emerging fields is a sign of black economic progress, overall trends in black business ownership
are not entirely positive. For one thing, the divergent trends in traditional and emerging black-owned firms reflect widening
socioeconomic disparities within black communities. Moreover, the decline of traditional black-owned firms bodes ill for disadvantaged
blacks in inner-cities. After reviewing the development of black business enterprise in the United States, trends in black
business ownership since the 1970s are examined. Patterns of change in traditional personal services and emerging business
services are then linked to social and economic transformations that have enabled many blacks to participate in the larger
national economy. The article concludes by discussing the implications of declines in traditional black businesses for black
well-being and for public policy. 相似文献
12.
The Chinese government conducted its first time use survey of the activities of Chinese individuals in 2008. Activities were
classified into three broad types, maintenance activities, subsistence activities and leisure activities. Time use patterns
were defined by an individuals’ time spent on maintenance, subsistence and leisure activities each day. We analyzed the time
use patterns of different population segments, such as gender, region, age, employment status, and income. Rural residents
spend 2 h per day more on SA than urban residents. Five of the employment status categories; migrant workers, full-time students,
retirees, the unemployed, and Home-makers, each have unique time schedules. Moreover, time use patterns vary greatly between
the different age groups and different income levels. The relationships between the time spent on maintenance, subsistence,
and leisure activities were analyzed. Time spent on subsistence activities each day were negatively correlated with time spent
on maintenance and leisure activities. The time spent on maintenance activities was positively correlated with the time spent
on leisure activities. The ratio of time spent on maintenance, subsistence and leisure activities in China is compared with
that in Japan, America and New Zealand. A new term, Time Structure, was coined to describe the ratio of individual time spent
on maintenance, subsistence and leisure activities. The time structure in China is 60:24:16 and differs from the structures
found in the other countries examined. 相似文献
13.
Dirk J. van de Kaa 《Journal of Population Research》1997,14(1):1-29
It is argued in this lecture that Ryder’s approach to the study of the role of the cohort in social change is too narrow.
Cohorts do not only permit change; they actively create the options succeeding cohorts have to choose from. Through its own
choice from amongst the options perceived, each cohort both limits and enriches the options of the next. It is through the
choice people make with regard to life shaping demographic events that they group themselves into ‘mental’ cohorts. The course
of demographic events in Western Europe in the postwar period is difficult to understand if one does not appreciate that these
events form a sequence. A sequence generated by the quite specific option(s) each ‘mental’ cohort, through its own choice,
created for the next. Current demographic patterns in Europe have to be interpreted in terms of differences in social and
cultural heritage of the countries concerned, and in terms of the differences in options perceived and selected. 相似文献
14.
Jessica De Maeyer Wouter Vanderplasschen Eric Broekaert 《Social indicators research》2009,90(1):107-126
In drug treatment outcome literature, a focus on objective and socially desirable indicators of change (e.g. no drug use)
has predominated, while outcome indicators that are important for drug users themselves (e.g. quality of life, satisfaction
with treatment) have largely been neglected. Nonetheless, Quality of Life (QoL) has become an important concept to evaluate
effectiveness of treatment in mental health care research and disability studies. Given the almost exclusive focus on Health-related
Quality of Life (HRQOL) in substance abuse research and the neglect of clients’ perspectives in this field, we explore in
this study the concept of QoL as perceived by drug users. Focus group discussions (n = 9) were organised in various treatment settings and community services for drug users in the region of Ghent, Belgium to
identify important dimensions of QoL and their interpretation by drug users. Data were clustered and analysed based on the
theoretical framework of Robert Schalock (Quality of life. Volume 1: Conceptualization and measurement, 1996). The domains
‘personal relationships’, ‘social inclusion’ and ‘self-determination’ were discussed most frequently by the participants.
They stressed the importance of a supportive social network in particular. It can be concluded that QoL is not primarily associated
by drug users with health and it involves much more than the aspects typically represented in measures of HRQOL. 相似文献
15.
Siew-Ean Khoo 《Journal of Population Research》2012,29(2):119-140
The paper examines ethnic differences in the social and economic well-being of the immigrant aged in Australia and the factors
affecting older immigrants’ well-being as measured by a number of indicators. The data analysis is guided by the concept of
the ‘Third Age’ as the basis for a more positive approach to the discussion of ageing and as a life-cycle stage of independent
living in old age, focusing on the pursuit of an active retirement and the absence of core activity restrictions. Data from
the 2006 population census on living arrangements, need for assistance with daily activities, income, participation in paid
work and volunteering, and provision of care to other family members are used to examine the social and economic well-being
of the immigrant population aged 65 and over identified by their country or region of origin and in comparison with the Australian-born
aged. Policy implications of the research findings are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Yoshitaka Iwasaki 《Social indicators research》2007,82(2):233-264
This paper aims at advancing the conceptualization of leisure as a contributor to quality of life (QOL) in an international
and multicultural context, based on an extensive and critical review of literature on leisure and QOL from a global, international
perspective. Given the central role of culture in conceptualizing this notion, this paper gives attention to various cultural
contexts world-wide. To illustrate the diversity of our societies, examples are introduced specifically from three culturally
unique contexts in this paper – i.e., Asian, Middle-East, and Indigenous contexts. Also, some examples are drawn from other
cultural groups in global and international contexts, particularly, in non-western contexts. Then, the final section of this
paper aims at integrating and synthesizing the knowledge gained from this review to develop a tentative/working proposition
about how leisure can contribute to QOL from international and cross-cultural perspectives. Specifically, based on such integration,
this paper identifies and describes major pathways linking leisure to QOL. Overall, an overarching theme common to almost
all cultural contexts examined appears to be the role of leisure-like activities as a context or space for creating meanings
which then help to promote the quality of people’s lives. Major pathways or mechanisms that can facilitate meaning-making
and life-quality-enhancement highlighted in this review include: (a) positive emotions and well-being experienced from leisure,
(b) positive identities and self-esteem gained from leisure, (c) social and cultural connections and a harmony developed through
leisure, and (d) leisure’s contribution to learning and human development across the life-span. Also, emphasized in this paper
is the role of leisure as a context for realizing and utilizing human strengths and resilience. It is important, however,
to stress that in people’s quest for a meaningful life, the benefits of meaning-making through leisure involve both “remedying
the bad” and “enhancing the good,” as shown throughout this paper. Despite these benefits, we should not ignore that leisure
experiences are socially and culturally constructed and shaped by the inequalities of society. Thus, the reality of power
imbalance and inequalities should be acknowledged and appropriately addressed socially, culturally, and politically. Particularly,
providing culturally relevant and meaningful leisure opportunities for less privileged population groups world-wide is clearly
a top priority. 相似文献
17.
Gundi Knies 《Social indicators research》2012,106(3):471-489
A series of studies have suggested that changes in others’ income may be perceived differently in post-transition and capitalist
societies. This paper draws on the German Socio-economic Panel Study (SOEP) matched with micro-marketing indicators of population
characteristics in very tightly drawn neighbourhoods to investigate whether reactions to changes in their neighbours’ income
divide the German nation. We find that the neighbourhood income effect for West Germany is negative (which is in line with
the ‘relative income’ hypothesis) and slightly more marked in neighbourhoods that may be assumed to be places where social
interactions between neighbours take place. In contrast, the coefficients on neighbourhood income in East Germany are positive
(which is consistent with the ‘signalling’ hypothesis), but statistically not significant. This suggests not only that there
is a divide between East and West Germany, but also that neighbours may not be a relevant comparison group in societies that
have comparatively low levels of neighbouring. 相似文献
18.
Vera Toepoel 《Social indicators research》2013,113(1):355-372
This study investigates the relation between leisure activities and the social status of the elderly based on a heterogeneous sample of the Dutch population. Close relationships are also analyzed to identify which people could serve as successful stimulators of leisure participation. The social profile confirms that older people have fewer social contacts and often feel lonely. This study shows that leisure activities explain a significant part of older people’s social connectedness. Voluntary work, cultural activities, holiday, sports, reading books, hobbies and shopping are found to be successful predictors for social connectedness of older people. Watching TV, listening to the radio, and spending time behind the computer (passive activities) were not associated with social connectedness. Friends correlate positively to participation in leisure activities. Partners play a role in participation in cultural activities and sports; parents play a role in participation in voluntary work and holidays; siblings play a role in voluntary work and sports; and children play a role in cultural activities, reading books, and shopping. Local communities can use these close relationships and develop special programs to increase social connectedness and hence improve quality of life for older adults. 相似文献
19.
Berend Aukema 《Researches on Population Ecology》1995,37(1):105-110
A review of data on the background of wing dimorphism in carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and especially of the closely
relatedCalathus cinctus andC. melanocephalus is given. In bothCalathus species wing dimorphism is inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion with the brachypterous condition dominant, but inC. melanocephalus the expression of the long winged genotype is under environmental control as well. The development of long winged phenotypes
in the latter species is favoured by relatively favourable environmental conditions, such as high temperatures and a high
food-supply. The higher fecundity of the larger and heavier long winged females of both species may compensate for losses
of long winged phenotypes by flight activities. The evolutionary significance of both types of inheritance is discussed in
relation to dispersal. The ‘fixed type’ as found inC. cinctus is considered an opportunistic short term ‘between sites strategy’, whereas the ‘dynamic type’ ofC. melanocephalus represents a flexible long term ‘within sites strategy’. 相似文献
20.
Florian Pichler 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):449-469
Research on work-life balance (WLB) has presented important insights into the problems of combining family aspirations with
paid work in relation to policy relevant agendas. Using the ESS II (2004/2005), we examine work-related and household/family-related
causes of WLB. We can corroborate other research findings that show that work-related aspects explain by far the largest part
of the variation in WLB. However, we illustrate that the measurement of WLB is partly problematic. Because WLB scales conceptualize
the work component more specifically than the life component, what ‘life’ means remains rather intangible apart from general
references to the ‘home’, ‘housework’ and ‘family responsibilities’. This largely neglects different emic dimensions to WLB
common to specific subgroups and renders the measurement rather abstract. Second, the wordings of WLB indicators already include
their most probable explanations. There is the danger of a circular argument here and many explanations seem tautological.
This makes it difficult to conclude on the effects of other than work-related aspects on WLB, which are, arguably, also important
aspects of WLB. Finally, WLB scales hardly correlate with relevant external criteria, for instance subjective well-being.
Following from these findings, we discuss what these WLB scales could really measure and propose to broaden quantitative empirical
approaches to it.
相似文献
Florian PichlerEmail: Email: |