Origins of the "Great Cultural Revolution" Revisited

There were specific factors responsible for the outburst of the "Great Cultural Revolution" (CR) in the mid 1960s. In my view, contemporary domestic conflicts during that period of time such as the following can be generally included: (1)     

Cultural Outlook of the Late-Qing Guocui School

TheGuocui(NationalQuintessence)school,representedbysuchpeopleasZhangTaiyan,LiuShipei,DengShi,andHuangJie,wasnotonlyaradicalanti-Manchurevolutionaryschool,butascholarlybodytakinguponitselfthetaskofrevitalizingChineseculture.KnownastheGuocuischoolbecausetheyadvocateddistinctiveculturaltheoriesanddemands,theybecameprominentduringtheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,andenjoyedwidespreadinfluence.Ⅰ.NationalQuintessence,NationalStudies,NationalSoulGuocui(NationalQuintessence),Guoxue(NationalStud…     

The Cultural Basis of the Italian Renaissance

ThereasonswhynorthernItalybecamethefountain-headoftheRenaissancemovementthatsweptoverwesternandnorthernEuropearemany:therichcollectionofclassicalworksandwell-stockedlibrariesinnorthernItaly,theimpactofthenorthwardmovementofsouthernculture,theculturalresponsetoeconomicdevelopmentsthatwereuniqueinEurope,atendencytowardssecular-ization,openculturaldevelopment,thevalueattachedtoinvestmentincultureandeducationinurbanareas,andthetransferoftownsfolkfrommaterialtointellectualconsumption.Anexamination…     

Cultural Advancement and the Primary Stage of Socialism

China is and will remain for a long time to come in the primary stageof socialism. This is a scientific conclusion drawn by the CommunistParty of China (CPC) based on China's present economic and socialdevelopment, and after summing up historical experiences and lessons.This conclusion is a true reflection of the basic Chinese conditions andserves as an objective basis and starting point for the determination of theobjectives in the socialist modernization drive, and the formulation ofvario…     

Cultural Considerations on the Rise of Great Powers in the Mod-ern Era

An independent and prosperous na-tional culture is a powerful spiritual force and,like material force, also serves as one of theindispensable bases and preconditions for therise of a nation-state. Under specific histori-cal conditions, the cultural-spiritual forcesometimes is more important than materialforce. Culture gives a concrete expressionto the overall national strength of a country.No nation with a backward economy andpolitical disintegration can rise into a power-ful state. Likewise, …     

The Ideal Targets for the Sustainable Development of the Cultural Heritage Industry

遗产产业也有面临可持续发展的问题需要探讨,关键是保留原则和内涵式发展原则的落实。这些原则可具体化为技术性可持续、经营性可持续与解释学可持续三个方面。技术性可持续着眼于文物持存年代绝对值的最大化经营性可持续着眼于其有限持存年代里可能与之谋面的观众人数最大化;解释学可持续着眼于观众在有限时间内直面文化遗产时所获得的内心感悟最大化。而遗产产业理想的持续发展模式就是这三重目标的同时实现。     

Cultural deficiencies in ＂second-hand reading＂ of the classics and the reconstruction of the public intellectual sphere

基于以央视《百家讲坛》为代表的学者以个体阅读取代大众阅读的文化传播现象,本文率先提出“经典代读”这一核心概念。“经典代读”的文化缺失主要表现为三方面：受众出于对文化的渴求,被动地接受学者对经典的解读,导致自主阅读的角色缺位;媒体受商业利益驱动,以至于文化策略运用失当,文化角色定位偏移,因而出现角色越位;学者受制于大众媒体的强势导控与“受众为王”的商业逻辑,由文化理想的导航者蜕变为大众趣味的迎合者,导致角色错位。面对以上缺失,相应的对策是：聚合大学、公共图书馆、媒体等诸多社会公共资源,一同促使由媒体主导的经典“代读”向公众自身主导的“自读”转变,以此重建公共知识空间。     

The Cultural Relativity of Logic： From the Viewpoint of Ethnography and Historiography

广义论证概念扩大了逻辑家族成员,使之包括现代文化之外其他文化的逻辑,对阿赞得（Azande）人的田野考察报告,以及中国古代逻辑和佛学逻辑的研究成果,从描述的角度为“逻辑相对于文化”这一命题提供事实根据;采用演绎论证作为元方法说明现代文化中的逻辑和其他文化的逻辑在现代文化中的译本具有文化相对性;借助民族志和历史学研究成果说明其他文化的逻辑本身也具有的文化相对性;通过语言博弈和生活形式概念说明作为元方法的演绎论证同样具有文化相对性。     

Monks during the Period of Six Dynasties: Special Messengers of Cultural Exchange

在古代中国,不论是官方往来,民间交流,或是其他方式的交往,终究受制于一定条件,而且由于政治制度、文化背景乃至风俗习惯的差异,各地之间的交流往往存在着很深的隔阂乃至偏见。唯有佛教文化例外。魏晋南北朝时期的绝大部分统治集团,多视佛教为神明,顶礼膜拜。因此,各地的佛教文化交流几乎是无条件的。六朝僧侣作为文化交流的特殊使者,纵横南北,往来东西,在传播佛教文化的同时,也在传递着其他丰富的文化信息。其影响所及,不仅渗透到当时社会的各个阶层,而且在很大程度上改变了中国文化的发展方向。从长安、洛阳、建康、凉州四在文化中心的兴衰及其文化交流的若干途径看,从僧侣自身的文学创作、佛教思想对于中古诗律演变、中古文学题材、中古文学思想的巨大影响等方面看,六朝僧侣在魏晋南北朝时期的文化传播过程中,的确起到了特殊和重要的作用。     

On the Position and Role of Martino Martini in the History of Cultural Exchanges Between China and the West

MartinoMartini(1614-1661),knownbytheChinesenameWeiKuangguo,andwhostyledhimselfJiTai,wasbornatTrentoinItalyandbecameaJesuitin1632.HestudiedfirstattheCollegeofRomeandwasthenassignedtoareligiouspostinChina.HearrivedinZhejiangprovincein1643(the16thyearofthereignoftheMingChongzhenemperor),andpreachedChristianityinHangzhou,Lanxiandotherplaces.In1650,hewasappointedtheagentoftheChineseJesuitmissionandwenttoRometodefendtheChineserites.WhilehewasdrummingupsupportinEurope,hepublishedthreebooksi…     

The Cultural Perspective of Chinese Literature in the '90s

ⅠItwasnotuntilafterthemid1980s,whenanenthusiasmforculturearoseinChineseideologicalcirclesandtheroots-literaturemovementwasinitiated,thatcontemporaryChineseliterarycirclesbegantofullyappreciatethefullsignificanceofChineseculturalmotifsinliteraryworks.Aconsiderablenumberofyoungandinnovativecreativewriters(forexample,HanShaogong,ACheng,ZhengYi,WangAnyi,JiaPing'ao,andLiHangyu)rosetotheoccasionbypublishingworksoffictionorwrittendiscourses.Thisnotonlyenhancedthesplendoroftheliterarytorrentoft…     

Rethinking the "Iron Girls:" Social Gender and Labor in the "Cultural Revolution"

Through studying the "iron girls" campaign during the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976) this paper analyzes how state mobilization and administrative intervention influ-     

Thoughts on a Cultural Strategy for the Problem of Religion in China Today

That religion has become an important parameter for delineating the map of political strategy is obvious in contemporary international politics. Face to face with the cultural strategic significance religion already     

Imperialism in China: The Evolution of Treaty Regime from the Cultural Perspective

近代帝国主义实施侵华行为的中国当地条件制约或限定了侵略的方式和特性。外来侵略者通过条约体系内化为中国权势结构的一部分,又依“例外法则”在中国形成一套与西方基本价值观相冲突的思维和行为方式,故这些西方代表在中国表述着“西方”却又不完全等同于“西方”。列强既要中国实行改革以维持西方标准的“正常”秩序,又是与西方标准相异的中国秩序之构建者和维护者,扮演着改革推动者和既存秩序维护者的双重角色。     

Cultural Heritage and Cultural Anthropology

本文用“活态人文遗产”这一术语来概括至今仍然活在民间的的乡土文化遗产,既包括目前仍在使用的民具器物、乡土玩具、民俗工艺品等具有较高文物和艺术欣赏价值的有形文化遗产,又包括神话、传说、故事、史诗、歌谣等民间口头传承和民间舞蹈、民俗仪式以及乡土游戏等行为传承。语言尤其那些正在面临消逝的民族语言和地方语言也可以列入“活态人文遗产”的保护范围内。由于此类“活态人文遗产”的评价、认定标准较模糊,与“故态”文化遗产的保存和保护方法相比,活态文化遗产的保存和保护方法更为复杂,其中建立生态博物馆的方式逐渐被各国所广泛接受。     

A Study of the Phenetic Histary of the Chinese"r"()

Theoriginofthe"r"()soundinmodernChinesehasalwaysbeenatopicinthestudyofthephonetichistoryoftheChineselanguage.AStudyofthePhoneticHistoryoftheChinese"r"()byLiSijingexaminesthisquestionindepth.Thebookconsistsofninechapters:1.challengingpreviouslyacceptedviews;2.exploringthevalue(π)ofthosewordssuffixedwith"r"inthenorthernChinesedialectduringtheJinandYuandynasties;3.adiscussionofthefirstapPearanceof"r"inwordssuffixedwith"r",4.theearliestrecordsoftheuseofanon-syllabic"r"asasuffixinthephonologyo…     

Developments in the Study of Confucianism on the Mainland of China in Recent Years

I.AttitudesTowardsthe"ConfucianismCraze"AnincreasingnumberofstudiesonConfucianismhavebeenconductedonthemainlandinrecentyears,andthereisevensomethingofa"craze"forConfucianism.Papershavebeenreadatlargesymposia,journalshavebeenpublished,lectureshavebeengiven…     

A Reassessment of the Class Basis of the 1911 Revolution-With Comments on the Different Views on the Nature of that Revolution among Scholars from Taiwan and the Mainland

ⅠTheconsensusamongChinesehistoriansisthatthelower-middlestratumofChina's"nationalbourgeoisie"constitutedtheclassbasisofthe1911Revolution.Theoriginsofthispropositionmaybetracedbacktothel95os.Chinesehistorianshavealsoproposedthreestratificationsforthisclas…     

Cultural Reflection on the East Asian Financial Crisis

I. The Crisis of Nepotistic CapitalismThe fuse which ignited the East Asian financial crisis was the successof certain international money manipulators in engineering a massivedepreciation in the baht - the Thai currency. Like the plague, the crisisspread to other countries and regions in the area one by one. Thesuperficial cause of the crisis was international monetary speculation, butthe true root of the problem was the unique system integrating politicsand economics that had developed in…     

Legal Issues Related to the Implementation of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

TheProjectGroupforStudyingtheRelationshipBetween"OneCountry,TwoSystems"andtheBasicLawoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionI.TheApplicationoftheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinatotheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion(HKSAR)TheConstitutionmustbeeffectiveinallpartsofthecountry;thisisthefundamentalrequirementforthestatetoexerciseitssovereigntyanditsconcentratedembodiment.ThisisdeterminedbythefundamentalnatureandthesupremestatusoftheConstitution.However,theapplicationofthe…