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1.
Isaacowitz and Stanley review age differences in facial emotion recognition, an ability tied to effective socioemotional functioning
but often marked by age-related decline. They highlight major findings from the past decade and conclude that age-related
declines exist but are least pronounced for positive relative to negative emotions. They discuss possible motivational and
structural explanations for this positivity effect, and they describe future research avenues for evaluating age-related differences
in more ecologically valid contexts. In this commentary, we discuss each of these topics. We state that many complexities
that arise when interpreting age differences are similar to issues raised by emotion scholars who have studied intrapersonal
and interpersonal processes outside of the developmental literature. We argue that theoretical and methodological lessons
gained from these emotion scholars would provide insight to interpret current findings and direct future research in life-span
development. 相似文献
2.
Weatherly JN Miller JC Montes KS Rost C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):217-223
Dixon and Johnson (Anal Gambl Behav 1: 44–49, 2007) proposed the Gambling Functional Assessment as a tool to identify the consequences maintaining the respondent’s gambling
behavior, but subsequent studies on its psychometric properties suggested that it could use improvement. The present study
investigated the internal consistency of the Gambling Functional Assessment—Revised using the responses of 1,060 undergraduate
students. Temporal reliability was assessed by a second administration of the measure four (n = 87) or twelve (n = 98) weeks after the first administration. Temporal reliability was also compared to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (Lesieur
and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144: 1184–1188, 1987), which was also administered at both time points. Internal consistency measures were good to excellent, even when potential
non-gamblers were excluded from the analyses. Temporal stability was also very good, with the possible exception of the consequence
of “escape” at 12 weeks. The Gambling Functional Assessment—Revised represents a potentially useful tool for researchers and
therapists interested in why respondents are gambling. 相似文献
3.
Fernando A. Lozano 《Review of Economics of the Household》2010,8(1):83-104
I analyze the length of the workweek of foreign-born workers in the US I concentrate on workers supplying long hours of work—50
or more weekly hours and document that immigrants are less likely than natives to work long hours. Surprisingly, these differences
are greatest among highly educated and salary paid workers, and persists even after conditioning for demographic characteristics.
I explain these differences with two within occupation characteristics. First, relative to natives, immigrants are less likely
to supply long work weeks if they work in occupations where the immigrant-native earnings differential is big. Second, immigrants
are also less likely to supply long work weeks when they work in occupations with a wide dispersion of earnings. This second
result is important, because the occupation dispersion of earnings has been used to characterize changes of the worker’s earnings
over the worker life cycle (Bell and Freeman, Labour Economics: 8(2), 2001a; Working Time in Comparative Perspective, 2001b; Kuhn and Lozano, Journal of Labor Economics:26(2), 311–344, 2008), and a good measure of the incentives to supply long hours of work. 相似文献
4.
Mary Anne Wichroski 《Qualitative sociology》1996,19(1):153-170
This paper deals with some of the linguistic difficulties I encountered during fieldwork conducted among cloistered and non-cloistered
communities of Roman Catholic nuns. I illustrate here the necessity for taking both active and passive research modes—that
is, moving from observer to participant and back—in order to counteract problems related to interaction styles, lack of language,
meaning inversions, and silence as a mode of communication. These problems represent a continuum—a progression from least
to most problematical in terms of the connection between researcher and researched. I argue that by adopting a stance appropriate
to the groups being studied—that is, by using both active and passive research strategies with equal rigor—many linguistic
barriers can not only be overcome, but usedas sources of important data. 相似文献
5.
6.
Neil Gross 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(4):337-357
Charles Tilly’s work on repertoires of contention and social mechanisms was pathbreaking. In this article, I argue that his
understanding of both concepts overlaps with social-theoretical work informed by the philosophical tradition of classical
American pragmatism. There is no evidence that Tilly was influenced by pragmatism, but I argue that the overlap is substantial
enough that large portions of his oeuvre can serve as illustrations of the explanatory power of pragmatist social science—and that Tilly’s theorization of mechanisms
in particular would have been even stronger had he engaged pragmatism directly. 相似文献
7.
B. Tolchard M. W. Battersby 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):623-638
There is a need to establish reliability and the various forms of validity in all measures in order to feel confident in the
use of such tools across a wide diversity of settings. The aim of this study is to describe the reliability and validity of
the Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS) and in particular one of the sub-scales (Harm to Self—HS) in a specialist problem gambling
treatment service in Adelaide, Australia. Sixty-seven consecutive gamblers were assessed using a previously validated clinical
interview and the VGS (Ben-Tovim et al., The Victorian Gambling Screen: project report. Victorian Research Panel, Melbourne,
2001). The internal consistency of the combined VGS scales had a Cronbach’s alpha of .85 with the HS scale .89. There was satisfactory
evidence of convergent validity which included moderate correlations with another measure of gambling—the South Oaks Gambling
Screen. There were also moderate correlations with other measures of psychopathology. Finally, how the VGS may best be used
in clinical settings is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Martin Ravallion 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2011,9(3):475-478
Each year, the mass media and many governments look keenly at the country rankings by the Human Development Index (HDI), as published in the annual Human Development Reports (HDR). Klugman, Rodriguez and Choi (KRC) were members of the team that produced the 20th anniversary edition of the HDR (United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2010) which introduced a new version of this popular index. However, Ravallion (2010) argued that the new HDI has a number of undesirable features, some shared with the old index and some new. This note responds
to the points made by KRC (J Econ Inequality 9(2):249–288, 2011) in their defense of the new HDI.1 相似文献
9.
10.
Caitlin Smith Sherry H. Stewart Roisin M. O’Connor Pamela Collins Joel Katz 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(1):115-128
The Inventory of Gambling Situations (IGS-63; Turner and Littman-Sharp, Inventory of gambling situations users guide, 2006) is a 63-item measure of high-risk gambling situations. It assesses gambling across 10 situational subscales that load onto
two higher-order factors: negative and positive situations (Stewart et al. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22:257–268,
2008). While the IGS-63 has excellent psychometric properties (Littman-Sharp et al., The Inventory of Gambling Situations: Reliability,
factor structure, and validity (IGS Technical Manual), in press) its length may preclude its use in time-limited contexts. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a 10-item
short-form of the IGS (IGS-10). Each IGS-10 item reflects one of the ten subscale categories from the IGS-63, with two items
from the original subscales included as examples for each IGS-10 item. The IGS-10 was administered to 180 undergraduate gamblers
along with the IGS-63 and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; Ferris and Wynne, Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final
report, 2001). IGS-10 items showed convergent validity with the corresponding IGS-63 subscales (r’s = .60–.73). Principal components analysis of the IGS-10 revealed two factors: negative (α = .84) and positive (α = .85).
PGSI scores correlated significantly with all IGS-10 items (r’s = .33–.58) and with both IGS-10 higher-order subscales (r’s = .66 [negative] and .49 [positive]), supporting the criterion validity of the IGS-10. Since minimal information is lost
when using the IGS-10, the short form may prove particularly useful when respondent burden prevents using the full IGS-63. 相似文献
11.
Julian A. Rodriguez 《Sociology Compass》2019,13(4)
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people have become a familiar presence on the media landscape. For more than half a century, scholars have examined the importance of this recognition. In this article, I extend the work of British sociologist Ken Plummer to argue that key narratives have endured in discussions of LGBTQ media. These narratives include the victim, the community, the militant/queer, and the assimilationist. In addition, this paper points toward new directions for analysis and discussion; I argue that future research should take a more nuanced approach by examining overlaps and tensions among these stories. 相似文献
12.
For decades Durkheim’s theory of suicide has been tested and found wanting. Yet, rather than being consigned to the dust-bin
of history, it lives on and is pointed to as an exemplar of the powers of sociological theory and research. If this rationalizing
and/or dismissal of so many falsifications of the theory were an isolated phenomenon, it might be evidence of some lemming-like
propensity for suicide or a disciplinary death-wish, among a few sociologists. But it appears to be a much more widespread
and common occurrence. In this paper we explore some possible explanations of this ‘falsification denial’—‘The Social Misconstruction
of Reality’ (Hamilton 1996), ‘When Prophecy Fails’ (Festinger et al. 1956), ‘Underdetermination’ (Duhem 1954; Quine Journal of Philosophy 67:178–183, 1970, Erkenntnis 9:313–328, 1975; Lakatos 1970), and ‘Boundary Maintenance’ (Erikson 1966), and we outline some of the more important and pernicious consequences of this falsification denial for the discipline and
future of sociology. 相似文献
13.
Lauren A. Rivera 《Qualitative sociology》2010,33(3):229-255
Although social status plays a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of social inequalities, how status processes
operate in naturalistic social contexts remains less clear. In the following article, I provide a case study of doormen—individuals
who simultaneously represent status experts and status judges—at a highly exclusive nightclub to investigate how people draw
status distinctions in micro-social settings. Using interview and ethnographic data, I analyze on what bases doormen evaluate
the relative worth of patrons and confer the status prize of admission. I find that in making such decisions, doormen drew
from a constellation of competence and esteem cues, which were informed by contextually specific status schemas about the relative material, moral, and symbolic worth of particular client groups. Moreover, the ways in which doormen used
these cues and schema depended on the identity of the specific patron being evaluated. As such, I argue that processes of
interpersonal evaluation and status conferral are contextually specific, culturally embedded, and interpersonally variable.
Despite such variations, a patron’s perceived social connections seemed to outweigh other types of cues in admissions decisions.
I conclude by discussing these findings in light of both status characteristics theory and Bourdieu’s work on the transubstantiation of capital to suggest that social capital is a powerful status cue that can,
under certain conditions, be a more potent source of social distinction and status advantage, or hold a greater conversion value, in systems of stratification than other types of qualities. 相似文献
14.
David Cunningham 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(4):355-377
Models that purport to explain the interplay between dissidents and the state generally assert, either explicitly or implicitly,
that the path from state interests to action to outcomes is a linear one. Using the case of the United Klans of America (UKA)
in North Carolina, I argue that state efforts to exert social control upon a perceived threat are shaped by a range of internal
and external contingencies. In particular, I undertake a comparative analysis of two state agencies to demonstrate how a particular
mechanism—ambivalence, here conceptualized as the relational consequence of a mismatch between organizational culture and organizational goals—leads
to distinct, and sometimes heterogeneous, actions and outcomes not directly traceable to organizational mandates. Findings
lend insight into how endogenous organizational processes shape contentious political outcomes in potentially divergent ways. 相似文献
15.
Robert Prus 《The American Sociologist》2011,42(1):56-111
Although often overlooked in sociological circles, Emile Durkheim’s (1902–1903) Moral Education provides an important cornerstone in the quest to understand community life. Not only does Moral Education give a vibrant realism to the sociological venture in ways that Durkheim’s earlier works (1893, 1895, 1897) fail to achieve, but in addressing discipline, devotion, and informed reasoning as humanly engaged, collectively accomplished
fields of activity Emile Durkheim also provides an exceptionally consequential baseline analysis of human knowing and acting.
Notably as well, focusing on the organizational, intersubjectively achieved features of elementary education, Durkheim’s Moral Education lays bare the interactional nature of the moral order of community life. Indeed, as a sustained analysis of the way of life
of a group of people collectively participating in the educational process, this text addresses the most basic features of
people’s relations to one another and the broader society in which they find themselves. Much more than an account of childhood
socialization, Durkheim’s Moral Education also presages the more thoroughly humanist sociology that Durkheim develops in The Evolution of Educational Thought (1904–1905), The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1912) and Pragmatism and Sociology (1913–1914). 相似文献
16.
17.
Jeffrey L. Kidder 《Theory and Society》2009,38(3):307-328
Over the last 30 years, social theorists have increasingly emphasized the importance of space. However, in empirical research,
the dialectical relationship between social interaction and the physical environment is still a largely neglected issue. Using
the theory of structuration, I provide a concrete example of why and how space matters in the cultural analysis of an urban
social world. I argue that bike messengers—individuals who deliver time-sensitive materials in downtown cores of major cities—cannot
be understood outside an analysis of space. Specifically, I connect the cultural significance of messenger practices to the
emplacement of those practices inside the urban environment.
相似文献
Jeffrey L. KidderEmail: |
18.
Michaël Bonnal 《Journal of Labor Research》2010,31(1):53-66
I investigate the role of labor standards in international trade. While the literature has used many different measures of
labor standards, I use two: the rate of work injuries and the rate of strikes and lockouts — allowing me to construct both measures for 112 countries from 1980 until 2004. This allows dynamic panel data methods to
be used in estimation. Three measures of the quality of institutions are also used for the same period: the number of years
the chief executive is in office, the concentration of a country’s legislature measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index,
and whether the legislature is controlled by a party representing a special interest. The results show that countries with
better labor standards and institutions do trade more — their exports to GDP ratio is higher. 相似文献
19.
Rockloff MJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):207-216
A 3 item screen for problem gambling was developed based on a conceptual analogue of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (Bush et al. in Arch Intern Med 158:1789–1795, 1998); a brief screen that measures consumption rather than harm. Data were collected from an email panel survey of 588 men and
810 women (n = 1,398) across all states in Australia. Respondents indicated their consumption of gambling products using the 3 items of
the new Consumption Screen for Problem Gambling (CSPG). Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was used to analyze
the performance of the new items relative to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (Ferris and Wynne in The Canadian problem
gambling index: Final report, 2001). Results show a 98% probability that the CSPG score for a randomly chosen positive case of problem gambling will exceed
the score for a randomly chosen negative case. In addition, a score of 4+ on the CSPG identified all 14 cases of Problem Gambling
correctly, while only 7.3% of non-problem gamblers had scores of 4+ (sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 92.7%). Lastly, only
3.0% of respondents without any gambling problems had CSPG scores of 4+. The current study suggests that the CSPG, a brief consumption-based measure for
gambling products, can quickly and accurately identify people who are likely to be experiencing gambling problems. 相似文献
20.
Different scoring rules can result in the selection of any of the k competing candidates, given the same preference profile, (Saari DG 2001, Chaotic elections! A mathematician looks at voting. American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.). It is also possible that a candidate, and even a Condorcet winning candidate, cannot be selected by any scoring rule, (Saari DG 2000 Econ Theory 15:55–101). These findings are balanced by Saari’s result (Saari DG 1992 Soc Choice Welf 9(4):277–306) that specifies the necessary and sufficient condition for the selection of the same candidate by all scoring rules. This condition is, however, indirect. We provide a sufficient condition that is stated directly in terms of the preference profile; therefore, its testability does not require the verdict of any voting rule. 相似文献