试论未来中国计划生育工作的转变

未来中国的计划生育应该发生如下转变 :(1)计划生育政策的理论依据将从适度人口论向可持续发展理论转变 ;(2 )人口控制的重点将从以人口数量控制为主向结构平衡、素质优先转变 ;(3)政策执行模式从行政经济强制模式向法律规范、经济利益导向模式转变 ;(4)政策执行机构将从计划生育委员会改革为人口政策委员会 ;(5 )计划生育政策与其它公共政策的协调将更加有效。     

中国人口出生控制成效的比较分析

中国 ①的计划生育工作起始于 2 0世纪 5 0年代。从 1 95 5年到 1 971年 ,中国推行的是一般性的家庭计划生育政策 ,从 1 971年至今 ,中国推行的是家庭计划生育与国家计划生育相结合的政策。如果不实行任何形式的计划生育政策 ,2 0 0 0年末中国人口将会达到 1 8 5 8亿 ,如果象印度那样只倡导自愿实行家庭计划生育 ,将会达到 1 5 3 2亿。过去 45年中 ,中国一共少生了 5 88亿人 ,其中由于实行国家计划生育政策少生了 2 6 2亿人 ,而一般性的家庭计划生育政策少生了 3 2 6亿人。计划生育为中国的社会经济发展做出了巨大的贡献     

流动人口的计划生育政策认知与服务需求——武汉、黄石、广水三地问卷调查研究

调查发现,流动人口对国家计划生育政策、流动人口计划生育管理办法的了解状况并不乐观,甚至比较糟糕。这可能正是目前影响流动人口计划生育工作的重要因素之一。在计生管理方式和服务内容方面,流动人口表现出一些需求偏好。人口计生部门应从流动人口的这些需求偏好出发,调整或改善目前的管理和服务。     

黑龙江省穆棱市计划生育村民自治调查报告

计划生育村民自治是我国农村社区计划生育的管理方式。穆棱市早在1999年就进行了计划生育村民自治试点工作。穆棱市在具体推行中以人为本,将维护群众的合法权益作为第一要义,尊重和保护群众的生育权、知情权、计划生育技术服务的获得权以及民主参与权。同时,对于低生育水平下的人口与计划生育工作,穆棱市勇于实践,适时改革,取得显著成效。     

论陕西省人口的低生育率水平

自70年代初大力推行计划生育以来,陕西的计划生育工作取得了巨大成就,人口过快增长的现象得到了有效控制,实现了人口再生产类型的转变,进入到低生育水平时期。21世纪初,中央作出了《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》,提出了新时期人口与计划生育工作的主要任务是转向稳定低生育水平,提高出生人口素质。如何按照中央的要求进一步做好人口与计划生育工作,本文就陕西的低生育水平现状、存在问题及稳定低生育水平的不利因素作了进一步的分析研究,强调要充分认识到人口与计划生育工作的长期性、严峻性和复杂性,必须克服盲目乐观情绪,保持清醒头脑,坚持以人为本,提高计划生育服务质量和管理水平,才能保证低生育水平的稳定,促进人口与经济社会资源协调发展与可持续发展。     

计划生育利益导向应转向社会保障供给

计划生育利益导向是我国在 2 0世纪 90年代初提出来的。它作为控制人口数量过快增长的一项举措 ,实践证明在一定社会条件下是行之有效的。本文拟从其基本理念与群众实行计划生育的发展需求比较 ,当前存在的主要问题及其原因诸方面展开论述 ,说明计划生育利益导向重点应转向社会保障供给的必要性、可行性 ,并提出改进计划生育投入与产出分配方式 ,以建设有利于人口和计划生育的社会保障新机制。     

现行中国计划生育政策对中国人口安全的影响

本文从人口安全的定义出发,简单的分析了我国在发展中所面临的主要人口安全问题,并发现这些问题大部分都与我国的计划生育政策有着密切的关系。简要地阐述了我国现行计划生育政策的发展产生过程和主要内容。结合我国现行的“晚婚、晚育、少生、优生”的计划生育政策和我国主要的人口安全问题,从人口结构和人口素质两个方面,重点分析了我国计划生育政策对人口安全的影响。最后得出结论,要抓住现在的机遇期,调整现行的人口政策,最终实现中国人口与社会、经济、资源以及环境的协调可持续发展。     

The method of measuring probability of the annual fertility]

At the present time, under the guidance of national planning, population control is the most important theme of China's population policy. In order to realize the national goal of controlling population growth, family planning should be worked out at local levels. How to achieve a reasonable population planning norm at a local level is a very crucial problem in family planning work. Up to the present time, various methods have been used to measure the probability of the annual fertility. In his report, the author provides a new formula to calculate the probability of the annual fertility. Based upon this formula, we may calculate the number of planned birth for a certain year and its fertility. From the figure we may set a reasonable goal according to population policy and actual population components. This formula is suitable for use in annual planning, as well as short-term or long-term population planning.     

成都市开展“五项关怀”行动惠泽受灾家庭

针对“5．12”大地震给许多计划生育家庭带来人员、财产巨大损失的实际，四川省成都市人口计生委结合行业优势，在全系统组织开展“五项关怀”行动，帮助受灾计生家庭抚平心灵创伤、树立生活信心、解决生活生产困难、重建美好家园。     

论我国企事业单位人口与计划生育工作的发展

企事业单位在转变经营机制后,人口与计划生育工作的难度还在增大,要求更高,任务也更艰巨,工作的重点是要进一步理顺企事业单位人口与计划生育管理体制,认真解决好非国有企事业单位人口与计划生育工作责任落实问题,并要加强对企事业单位人口与计划生育工作的研究与指导,以推动企事业单位人口与计划生育工作的进一步发展。     

论加强党校人口理论教研工作

广东是一个人口大省 ,加强党校人口理论教研工作 ,促进各级干部对计划生育重要性的认识 ,是提高广东计划生育工作水平的重要途径。本文在论述加强党校人口理论教研工作的必要性的基础上 ,论述了党校人口理论教研的内容、方法。     

Family planning among the Maranaos

An effort has been made to introduce population education concepts and family planning practice to the Maranaos of Lanao del Sur province in the southern Philippines. A survey conducted in 1969 revealed that an overwhelming majority were opposed to family planning, because of the belief that it ran counter to the teachings of the Koran. In 1969, Dansalan College 1st opened a maternity clinic and, subsequently, established a family planning clinic on campus, the only one of its kind in the province. Since the clinic began operations, a total of about 1370 acceptors have been recruited. The oral contraceptive is the most preferred method among the acceptors, accounting for 60%, followed by the injectable. Additionally, the college has integrated family planning and population education into its Community Service Program. Despite several years of effort by Dansalan College, however, Maranaos have failed to respond significantly to practicing family planning. College officials continue to be optimistic, recognizing that the effort will take years of motivating and education.     

Population goal set for China's new five-year plan

China's 7th Five-Year Plan recommends that China's total mainland population be held within the limit of 1.113 billion, with an annual average natural growth rate of about 12.4/1000. As a large number of youths will reach marriage and childbearing age during the course of the 7th Five-Year Plan, the Plan affords a high priority to the family planning program and to the control of population growth. The plan proposes 5 policies and measures to realize its goal: continuous efforts need to be made to give family planning a high priority; late marriage, late childbearing, and the 1-child family should be advocated; ideological and political education should be strengthened; scientific and technological research devoted to family planning should be intensified; and family planning communication and service centers at the county level should be consolidated and strengthened, and the family planning program should be conducted systematically and be ongoing.     

城市人口和计划生育工作新机制研究

多年来,我国人口和计划生育工作的重点、难点一直在农村。而城市人口和计划生育工作一直走在全国前列,不仅有效控制了人口过快增长,为全国人口控制目标的实现作出了积极贡献,而且创造了许多好经验,对农村起到很好的示范、带头和辐射作用,为统筹解决人口问题打下了良好的基础。但是随着外部环境和工作任务、要求的变化,随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和城市经济、社会的迅速发展,城市化进程的大大加快,城市计划生育工作开始面临许多新情况、新问题,必须加快改革与创新的步伐。     

关于计划生育干部培训形式的几点思考

目前我国人口与计划生育工作已进入稳定低生育水平、综合治理人口问题的新阶段 ,要求全面提高计划生育干部素质 ,教育培训工作越来越显示出其重要性。本文探讨了原有培训形式存在的问题和今后计划生育干部培训形式的多元化发展     

吉林省基层人口和计划生育工作干部队伍建设的现状、问题和对策

根据2006年对吉林省、市(州)及基层人口和计划生育干部进行的调查,对人口和计划生育干部的数量、年龄、学历、政策水平等进行研究。为全面准确地掌握吉林省、市(州)及基层人口和计划生育干部队伍建设的情况,增强全省人口和计划生育系统干部队伍培养的针对性,更好地完成新时期人口和计生工作任务提供了有效依据。     

流动人口计划生育工作指标体系与考核评估方式初探

流动人口计划生育工作是我国计划生育工作的两大难点之一。要提高流动人口计划生育管理水平,必须建立科学的指标体系来规范流动人口计生管理。本文结合实践,论述流动人口计生管理工作指标体系设置原则,统计口径,以及管理质量考核评估方法和内容。     

Irrational international economic order is an obstacle

China is a socialist and developing country. As the most populous country in the world, China has a population now of over 1 billion, making up more than 1/5 of the total world population. However, China has a rather poor economic and educational foundation to start with. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where 80% of the total population lives. The problem of population increase and decrease in arable land has grown more acute. Hence, the Chinese Government has been promoting family planning since the 1970s. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China explicitly stipulates that "the state promotes family planning so that population growth may fit the plan for economic and social development." Thanks to the implementation of the basic state policy of family planning, the blind population growth is turning into a planned one. It is estimated by the fertility rate of the 1970s that 200 million births have been averted during the last 16 years. Thus, China has made contributions to the stability of the world's population. Were China to allow its population to grow blindly instead of having practiced family planning over the past 10 years, the world population would be substantially over 5 billion by the middle of this year.     

Speech at the UN International Conference on Population,Mexico City,August, 1984

In seeking a solution to its population problem, China, as a developing socialist country, has been making unremitting efforts to develop economy while controlling the rapid growth. The objective is to control rapid population growth so that population growth may be in keeping with socioeconomic development and commensurate with utilization of natural resources and environmental protection. In the past decade, and particularly since 1979, China has made much progress in developing economy and gained remarkable successes in controlling population growth. The natural population growth rate dropped to 1.15% in 1983, from 2.089% in 1973. Living standards have improved with a gradual annual increase of per capita income. All this proves that the policy of promoting family planning to control population growth along with planned economic development is correct. In China family planning is a basic state policy. The government has advocated the practice of "1 couple, 1 child" since 1979. This does not mean that 1 couple could have 1 child only in every case. The government provides guidance for the implementation of family planning programs in the light of specific conditions such as economic developments, cultural background, population structure, and the wishes of the people in different localities. The requirements are more flexible in rural than in urban areas and more so among the people of national minorities than among the people of the Han Nationality. In rural areas, couples who have actual difficulties and want to have 2 children may have a 2nd birth with planned spacing. In carrying out its family planning program, China has consistently adhered to the principle of integrating state guidance with the masses' voluntariness. The government has always emphasized the importance of encouraging the people's own initiatives, through publicity and education, which is the key link in implementing the family planning program.     

流动人口计生管理问题及其多层次原因分析——以深圳市盐田区为例

本文利用在深圳市盐田区通过多种形式获得的第一手资料,从流入城市的区、街道和居委会三个层面描述流动人口计划生育管理的现状和存在的主要问题,并从流动人口自身特点、计划生育行政地位、计划生育管理体制、社会环境等多个角度深入展开原因和对策分析.研究发现,强化基层计划生育机构行政职权、健全"齐抓共管"工作机制以及改善流动人口计生管理工作的法律和财政环境是提高流动人口计划生育管理绩效的重要途径.