美国社会科学家的地位

本文从美国社会科学家的资格、工作条件、就业前景,以及他们的收入、职业声望和权力方面详细阐述了当代美国社会科学家的地位,并与自然科学家的地位进行了比较。虽然美国社会科学家的研究具有相当大的独立性,但他们的地位归根结底取决于他们对于国家和社会的贡献以及这种贡献能否得到社会的承认。     

The Social Demography of Internet Dating in the United States*

Objective. The objective of this article is to identify the sociodemographic correlates of Internet dating net of selective processes that determine who is “at risk.” We also examine the role of computer literacy, social networks, and attitudes toward Internet dating among single Internet users. Methods. We use multivariate logistic regression to analyze 3,215 respondents from the first nationally representative U.S. survey of Internet dating. Results. Sociodemographic factors have strong effects on Internet access and single status but weak effects on use of Internet dating services once the sample is conditioned on these factors. For this “at‐risk” subpopulation, computer literacy and social networks strongly influence the likelihood of Internet dating. Conclusions. Internet dating is a common mate selection strategy among the highly selective subpopulation of single Internet users and may continue to grow through social networks. Material and virtual elements of the digital divide have direct and indirect effects on Internet dating.     

20世纪60年代转向语言学的西方历史哲学研究

20世纪 6 0年代 ,西方历史哲学研究开始转向语言学 ,其中历史叙述研究引导了这种转向。本文通过具体分析一些历史哲学家的思路转化 ,论述了这一转向的发生与进展     

Conservative Ideas and Social Policy in the United States

This article explores social policy development in the United States since the beginning of the George W. Bush presidency. Starting from an analysis of the discourse about compassionate conservatism at the centre of the 2000 presidential campaign and proceeding to a discussion of the meaning of the more recent ownership society blueprint, it underlines the fragmented nature of the conservative policy agenda in the United States. Yet, the article suggests that, despite this fragmentation, the ideological dominance of the right and the related absence of needed reform in key policy areas are of great significance for the future of federal social policy. Overall, the article shows how paying close attention to the nature of conservative ideas improves our understanding of social policy development in the United States. As argued, the old liberal and the traditionalist sides of American conservatism have inspired distinct yet related blueprints and reform proposals that both promote a scaling-down of existing federal social programmes and a return to traditional forms of economic security (i.e. charity and personal savings). The article underlines the relationship between these blueprints and policy drift.     

20世纪80年代以来美国中国学的几点变化

中国研究已成为当前国外学术界的研究热点。与 2 0多年前相比 ,今天的美国中国学发生了一些重要变化 ,主要表现为研究条件的变化、研究队伍的变化、研究内容的变化、学科地位的变化和组织形式的变化。     

Democracy, Voting, and Disenfranchisement in the United States: A Social Psychological Perspective

Autonomy, engagement, and equality are defining features of democracy. Each of these features illuminates the challenge or incompleteness of our democratic aspirations: Autonomy or self-governance is too easily surrendered, disengagement is evident when roughly half of eligible adults choose not to vote, and the inequality of our political voices is manifest in many ways, including a self-perpetuating relationship between socioeconomic status and political participation. In addition to introducing the present collection of articles on the social psychology of voting, I argue that several concepts drawn from psychological measurement may contribute to making elections more fair. A signal detection framework may be used to assess the soundness of election reforms, with fraud and disenfranchisement conceptualized as two forms of error. The replacement of the Electoral College by a single aggregate national popular vote would not only be more democratic but would substantially reduce the likelihood of controversial outcomes in future presidential elections.     

A History of Prejudice: Race,Caste, and Difference in India and the United States

Robert S. Gottfried, Epidemic Disease in Fifteenth‐Century England. The Medical Response and the Demographic Consequences (1978), xiii+262 (Leicester University Press, £10.00).

Phyllis Mack Crew, Calvinist Preaching and Iconoclasm in the Netherlands 1544–1569 (1978), 221 (Cambridge University Press, £9.50).

F. Furet and J. Ozouf, Lire et Ecrire: l'alphabétisation des français de Calvin à Jules Ferry, (1977), 2 vols. 370+379 (Editions de Minuit, Paris, 45 F and 55 F). [Reading and Writing. The development of literacy amongst the French from Calvin to Jules Ferry]

S. Åkerman, H. Chr. Johansen and D. Gaunt (eds) with J. Pedersen (co. ed.), Chance and Change: Social and Economic Studies in Historical Demography in the Baltic Area (1978), 296 (Odense University Press, D.kr. 100.00).

Angus McLaren, Birth Control in Nineteenth‐century England (1978), 263 (Croom Helm, £8.95).

Edward J. Bristow, Vice and Vigilance: Purity Movements in Britain Since 1700 (1977), xii+274 (Gill and Macmillan, Dublin, £12).

Timothy Tackett, Priest and Parish in Eighteenth‐century France: a social and political study of the curés in a diocese of the Dauphine, 1750–1791 (Princeton, 1977). xiii+350 (Princeton University Press, £14.60).

Jerome Blum, The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe (1978), xiii+505 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £18.40).

David Spring (ed.), European Landed Elites in the Nineteenth Century (1977), vii+147 (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, £8.75).

Peter R. Decker, Fortunes and Failures: White‐collar Mobility in Nineteenth‐century San Francisco (1978), xvi+336 (Harvard University Press, £14.00).

Geoffrey Crossick, An Artisan Elite in Victorian Society, Kentish London 1840–1880 (1978), 306 (Croom Helm, £9.95).

John Bodnar, Immigrants and Industrialization: Ethnicity in an American Mill Town, 1870–1940 (1977), xix+213 (University of Pittsburgh Press, $11.95).

John W. Briggs, An Italian Passage: Immigrants to Three American Cities, 1890–1930 (1978), xxii+348 (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, £14.40).

Pat Thane (ed.), The Origins of British Social Policy (1978), 209 (Croom Helm, £7.95).

J. R. Hay, The Development of the British Welfare State 1880–1975 (1978), 116 (Edward Arnold, £7.00, paperback £2.25).