The Dehumanization of Man: Dimensions and Processes

This paper is concerned with the dimensions and processes of dehumanization within the context of our contemporary social order. It considers briefly the nature of post-industrial society and its dehumanizing consequences, discussing the various dimensions of dehumanization articulated by various writers. The core argument is that dehumanization is created by external social structural conditions and only later becomes internally self-generating within the individual, which can lead to a self-perpetuating dehumanization syndrome.     

The Contextual Specificity of Masculinity and Femininity in Early Adolescence

Using a social constructionist perspective, we investigated the flexibility of early adolescents' (N = 80, 40 boys, 40 girls; M age = 13.14; SD = .65) masculinity and femininity as a function of the interpersonal context (same- or other-sex partner) and situational demands (co-operation or competition). Participants played a block-building game with a girl and a boy peer and were instructed either to play the game co-operatively or competitively. Boys' and girls' femininity scores were greater when working with a girl peer rather than a boy peer. Stereotypical gender differences in masculinity were most apparent when instructions emphasized co-operation. These findings provide empirical support for a social constructionist theory of gender development by demonstrating how the proximal situation changes adolescents' views of gendered aspects of their identity. A conceptualization of masculinity and femininity as flexible states is discussed as supplementing the idea that masculinity and femininity are enduring personality traits. Implications of the study for understanding how social situations maximize or minimize gender differences and similarities are discussed.     

生活世界：人的自我生成之域

生活世界并非现代哲学的一个枝节性概念,而是其核心概念。它所代表的实际是一种世界观——生活世界观,是一种思维方式——生成性思维,是一种人的观念——人的生成观念。虽然同为生活世界观,但对于生活和生活世界,不同的现代哲学家有不同的理解。现代西方哲学家所说的生活只是指人的日常的精神生活,其生活世界仍然是一个抽象世界;而对于马克思来说,生活世界则是日常生活与非日常生活、物质生活与精神生活的统一,这才是人生活于其中的真正现实的生活世界。     

自然与人的神话——浅析中国西部片

中国西部沉淀了中华民族传统文化的精华 ,是中国电影西部片的诞生与发展圣地。致力于中国西部片开拓与发展的电影人前赴后继 ,经过了大半个世纪的努力 ,已经创造了中国西部片自然与人的神话     

The Leadership Styles of Women and Men

As women increasingly enter leadership roles that traditionally have been occupied mainly by men, the possibility that the leadership styles of women and men differ continues to attract attention. The focus of these debates on sameness versus difference can obscure the array of causal factors that can produce differences or similarities. Adopting the perspective of social role theory, we offer a framework that encompasses many of the complexities of the empirical literature on the leadership styles of women and men. Supplementing Eagly and Johnson's (1990) review of the interpersonally oriented, task-oriented, autocratic, and democratic styles of women and men, we present new data concerning the transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles.